LINE GRAPH
*Structure for Writing Task 1 – Line Graph
INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW
DETAILED PARAGRAPH 1
DETAILED PARAGRAPH 2
1. INTRODUCTION
The line graph illustrates the changes in WHAT + WHERE + WHEN
Note: You can replace “illustrates” by:
give information about/ depict/ demonstrate
+ Example
The graph below shows average carbon dioxide emissions per person in the United Kingdom,
Sweden, Italy and Portugal between 1967 and 2007.
The line graph illustrates the amount of
carbon dioxide which was emitted by
residents in 4 different nations namely
the United Kingdom, Sweden, Italy and
Portugal from 1967 to 2007.
2. OVERVIEW:
- Try to write two sentences for overview (two main points or trends)
• which line (or lines) increases WHILE which line (or lines)
• Striking features such as: which line has the highest data/ lowest data, or saw the biggest
change over the period.
Note: There should be no dates, no numbers/percentages.
Overall, …. decreased while the figures for ……saw an increase / opposite trend.
The initial impression from the graph is that = It is clear that... ,
It is noticeable that... , = Overall we can see that...
+ Example:
The graph below shows average carbon dioxide emissions per person in the United Kingdom,
Sweden, Italy and Portugal between 1967 and 2007.
As can be seen, people in
Portugal and Italy/ the
Portuguese and Italian
released more CO2 while
this problem became less
serious in the other two
countries.
3. BODY:
Verbs Nouns
Trends
rise (rose) a rise
increase (increased) an increase
grow (grew) a growth
surge (surged) a surge
soar (soared)
fall down (fell) a fall
decline (declined) a decline
decrease (decreased) a decrease
drop (dropped) a drop
remained + stable/ steady/ unchanged at +
số liệu
stayed + stable/ steady/ unchanged at + số
saw a levelling off at + số liệu
liệu
levelled off at + số liệu
fluctuate (fluctuated) (between.. and…..)
to be erratic (was/ were erratic) saw a fluctuation/ some fluctuations
Reach a high/ a peak of (reached)
Stand at (stood at)
Hit a high/ a peak of (hit)
Position Peak at (peaked at)
Reach a low of
Reach (reached)
Hit a low of
1. #Adjectives and adverbs for degree + speed of change:
Degree Verb + Adverb Adjective + Noun
increase dramatically saw a dramatic increase
Very extensive change
increase enormously saw an enormous increase
increase considerably saw a considerable increase
Extensive change
increase remarkably saw a remarkable increase
increase slightly saw a slight increase
Small change
increase minimally saw a minimal increase
increase gradually saw a gradual increase
Slow change
increase slowly saw a slow increase
increase suddenly saw a sudden increase
Unexpected change
increase unexpectedly saw an unexpected increase
DETAILED PARAGRAPH 1:
+ Bắt đầu Body 1 bằng 1 trong các câu sau:
It can be seen from the graph that ....
As can be seen from the graph.....
A closer/ more detailed look at the .... reveals that.....
It is striking that .. most popular / the highest/attracted most people…
+ Viết về cột có số liệu cao nhất trong năm đầu tiên (dùng so sánh nhất) và đưa số liệu.
+ Cách đưa số liệu:
S + V(so sánh nhất), at + data S + V(so sánh nhất) , standing at + data
S + V(so sánh nhất), with the figure being + data
S + V (cho data vào dấu ngoặc đơn)
+ Viết về xu hướng cho đường cao nhất (tăng/ giảm) và đưa ra số liệu trong những năm giữa nếu quan trọng
(chạm đỉnh, chạm đáy), và đưa số liệu năm cuối.
+ Viết về đường tiếp theo cùng xu hướng, sử dụng liên từ Likewise hoặc Similarly
+ Tương tự, cần nêu rõ số liệu năm đầu tiên, xu hương tăng giảm, những số liệu quan trọng ở những năm
giữa và số liệu năm cuối.
DETAILED PARAGRAPH 2: (The opposite trend)
+ Viết về các đường còn lại , cần nêu rõ số liệu năm đầu tiên, xu hương tăng giảm, những số liệu
quan trọng ở những năm giữa và số liệu năm cuối.
Useful Structure:
- According to the line graph, … / As can be seen from the line graph, …
- In terms of..., / As for…, / With respect to …., / Regarding …, / Turning to …, / Considering …,
- Similarly,…./ Likewise,… >< In contrast,…/ By contrast,…/ Conversely,…./ On the other
hand,…
+ Example:
The graph below shows average carbon dioxide emissions per person in the United Kingdom,
Sweden, Italy and Portugal between 1967 and 2007.
In 1967, 11 metric tonnes was produced by residents in the UK, making it the highest figure. The next
4 decades witnessed a mild decline of 2 metric tonnes but the UK remained its leading position. At
first, the Swedish released 2 metric tonnes less of CO2 than those in the UK. This figure experienced
a noticeable rise of over 1 metric tonnes in the first decade, followed by a significant decline to 5
metric tonnes in 40 years, becoming the third highest figure.
There was significantly less CO2 in Italy and Portugal, proven by the modest figures of 4 and over 1
metric tonnes, respectively. The records for Portugal followed the same pattern as Italy but always 2
metric tonnes less.
The graph below shows average carbon dioxide emissions per person in the United Kingdom,
Sweden, Italy and Portugal between 1967 and 2007.
The line graph demonstrates the amount of carbon dioxide which was emitted by each person in the
United Kingdom, Sweden, Italy and Portugal from 1967 to 2007.
As can be seen, people in Portugal and Italy/ the Portuguese and Italian released more CO2 while
this problem became less serious in the other two countries.
In 1967, 11 metric tonnes was produced by residents in the UK, making it the highest figure. The next
4 decades witnessed a mild decline of 2 metric tonnes but the UK remained its leading position. At
first, the Swedish released 2 metric tonnes less of CO2 than those in the UK. This figure experienced
a noticeable rise of over 1 metric tonnes in the first decade, followed by a significant decline to 5
metric tonnes in 40 years, becoming the third highest figure.
There was significantly less CO2 in Italy and Portugal, proven by the modest figures of 4 and over 1
metric tonnes, respectively. The records for Portugal followed the same pattern as Italy but always 2
metric tonnes less.
(176 words)
PRACTICE
The chart below gives information about car ownership in the UK from 1975 to 2005. (percentage)
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PRACTICE
The chart below gives information about car ownership in the UK from 1975 to 2005. (percentage)
The line graph illustrates the changes in the percentage of residents owned different numbers of car in the UK
between 1975 and 2005./ over the 30-year course
Overall, the proportion of people who owned two or three cars rose while the figure for those who owned no
car declined. Additionally, having one car was the most common situation during the period shown.
In 1975, nearly half of the UK population had one car while people with no car took up a smaller percentage, at
roughly 43%. These figures both declined over the following ten years, to around 37% for people having one
car and 25% for those with no car. Over the next 20 years, the percentage of those with one car gradually rose
back up to 45% whereas the percentage of those with no car continued to decline to about 22%.
On the other hand, the percentage of those who owned 2 or 3 cars was approximately 7% and 3% respectively
in 1975, and both experienced increases over the next 30 years to 19% and 9% respectively.
The given graph shows changes in the proportion of cars owned in the UK over the 30-year course
from 1975 to 2005.
The initial impression from the graph is that the percentage of people having 2 or more than 3 cars
showed upward trends, whereas the figure for those having no car generally decreased. 1-car
ownership rate, despite a marginal dip in the first ten years, still remained prevalent among the four
ownership classifications.
In 1975, around 30% of all British households did not own any cars. The figure thereafter decreased
gradually to roughly 18% in 2005. An opposite pattern could be observed with regard to the 2 and 3
car ownership, with the figures increasing from 7% and 3% to 17% and 7% respectively. The
percentage of British households having only one car, meanwhile, stood at a very high level of
approximately 42% in 1975. The figure, despite undergoing a dip of 4% in 1985, regained its upward
streak and eventually reached a little over 40% in 2005.
Vocabulary highlights
A marginal dip = a slight decrease: giảm nhẹ
Prevalent = common popular: phổ biến
An opposite pattern could be observed in … một xu hướng đối lập có thể thấy ở …
Regained its upward streak = increase again: phục hồi