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HCF and LCM Problems for Class 10

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20 views8 pages

HCF and LCM Problems for Class 10

Uploaded by

SHABILA RAAZUL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

[Link] two numbers have 15 as their HCF and 175 as their LCM? Give reasons.

(2017 OD)

Solution:
No, LCM = Product of the highest power of each factor involved in the numbers.
HCF = Product of the smallest power of each common factor.
We can conclude that LCM is always a multiple of HCF, i.e., LCM = k × HCF
We are given that,
LCM = 175 and HCF = 15

⇒ 11.67 = k
175 = k × 15

But in this case, LCM ≠ k × HCF


Therefore, two numbers cannot have LCM as 175 and HCF as 15.
2. Explain why (17 × 5 × 11 × 3 × 2 + 2 × 11) is a composite number? (2015)

Solution:
17 × 5 × 11 × 3 × 2 + 2 × 11 …(i)
= 2 × 11 × (17 × 5 × 3 + 1)
= 2 × 11 × (255 + 1)
= 2 × 11 × 256
Number (i) is divisible by 2, 11 and 256, it has more than 2 prime factors.
Therefore (17 × 5 × 11 × 3 × 2 + 2 × 11) is a composite number.
Three bells toll at intervals of 9, 12, 15 minutes respectively. If they start tolling together, after
what time will they next toll together?

Solution:
9 = 32, 12 = 22 × 3, 15 = 3 × 5
LCM = 22 × 32 × 5 = 4 × 9 × 5 = 180 minutes or 3 hours
They will next toll together after 3 hours.

Important Questions for Class 10


Maths Chapter 1 Real Numbers
September 19, 2021 by Sastry CBSE

Important Questions for Class 10 Maths


Chapter 1 Real Numbers
Real Numbers Class 10 Important Questions Very Short
Answer (1 Mark)
Question 1.
The decimal expansion of the rational number 432453 will terminate after how many
places of decimals? (2013)
Solution:

Question 2.
Write the decimal form of 129275775
Solution:
Non-terminating non-repeating.
Question 3.
Find the largest number that will divide 398, 436 and 542 leaving remainders 7, 11, and
15 respectively.
Solution:
Algorithm
398 – 7 = 391, 436 – 11 = 425, 542 – 15 = 527
HCF of 391, 425, 527 = 17

You can practice more Grade 8 Real Numbers Common Core Questions and
Answers to score good marks in the exams.

Question 4.
Express 98 as a product of its primes.
Solution:
2 × 72

Question 5.
If the HCF of 408 and 1032 is expressible in the form 1032 × 2 + 408 × p, then find the
value of p.
Solution:
HCF of 408 and 1032 is 24.
1032 × 2 + 408 × (p) = 24
408p = 24 – 2064
p = -5

Real Numbers Class 10 Important Questions Short


Answer-I (2 Marks)
Question 6.
HCF and LCM of two numbers is 9 and 459 respectively. If one of the numbers is 27,
find the other number. (2012)
Solution:
We know,

⇒ 27 × 2nd number = 9 × 459


1st number × 2nd number = HCF × LCM

⇒ 2nd number = 9×45927 = 153


Question 7.
Find HCF and LCM of 13 and 17 by prime factorisation method. (2013)
Solution:
13 = 1 × 13; 17 = 1 × 17
HCF = 1 and LCM = 13 × 17 = 221

Question 8.
Find LCM of numbers whose prime factorisation are expressible as 3 × 52 and 32 × 72.
(2014)
Solution:
LCM (3 × 52, 32 × 72) = 32 × 52 × 72 = 9 × 25 × 49 = 11025

Question 9.
Find the LCM of 96 and 360 by using fundamental theorem of arithmetic. (2012)
Solution:
96 = 25 × 3
360 = 23 × 32 × 5
LCM = 25 × 32 × 5 = 32 × 9 × 5 = 1440

Question 10.
Find the HCF (865, 255) using Euclid’s division lemma. (2013)
Solution:
865 > 255
865 = 255 × 3 + 100
255 = 100 × 2 + 55
100 = 55 × 1 + 45
55 = 45 × 1 + 10
45 = 10 × 4 + 5
10 = 5 × 2 + 0
The remainder is 0.
HCF = 5

Question 11.
Find the largest number which divides 70 and 125 leaving remainder 5 and 8
respectively. (2015)
Solution:
It is given that on dividing 70 by the required number, there is a remainder 5.
This means that 70 – 5 = 65 is exactly divisible by the required number.
Similarly, 125 – 8 = 117 is also exactly divisible by the required number.
65 = 5 × 13
117 = 32 × 13
HCF = 13
Required number = 13

Question 12.
Find the prime factorisation of the denominator of rational number expressed
as 6.12¯ in simplest form. (2014)
Solution:
Let x = 6.12¯ …(i)
100x = 612.12¯ …(ii)
…[Multiplying both sides by 100]
Subtracting (i) from (ii),
99x = 606
x = 60699 = 20233
Denominator = 33
Prime factorisation = 3 × 11
Question 13.
Complete the following factor tree and find the composite number x. (2014)
Solution:
y = 5 × 13 = 65
x = 3 × 195 = 585

Question 14.
Prove that 2 + 3√5 is an irrational number. (2014)
Solution:
Let us assume, to the contrary, that 2 + 3√5 is rational.
So that we can find integers a and b (b ≠ 0).
Such that 2 + 3√5 = ab, where a and b are coprime.
Rearranging the above equation, we get

Since a and b are integers, we get a3b−23 is rational and so √5 is rational.


But this contradicts the fact that √5 is irrational.
So, we conclude that 2 + 3√5 is irrational.
Question 15.
Show that 3√7 is an irrational number. (2016)
Solution:
Let us assume, to the contrary, that 3√7 is rational.
That is, we can find coprime a and b (b ≠ 0) such that 3√7 = ab
Rearranging, we get √7 = a3b
Since 3, a and b are integers, a3b is rational, and so √7 is rational.
But this contradicts the fact that √7 is irrational.
So, we conclude that 3√7 is irrational.
Question 16.
Explain why (17 × 5 × 11 × 3 × 2 + 2 × 11) is a composite number? (2015)
Solution:
17 × 5 × 11 × 3 × 2 + 2 × 11 …(i)
= 2 × 11 × (17 × 5 × 3 + 1)
= 2 × 11 × (255 + 1)
= 2 × 11 × 256
Number (i) is divisible by 2, 11 and 256, it has more than 2 prime factors.
Therefore (17 × 5 × 11 × 3 × 2 + 2 × 11) is a composite number.

Question 17.
Check whether 4n can end with the digit 0 for any natural number n. (2015)
Solution:
4n = (22)n = 22n
The only prime in the factorization of 4n is 2.
There is no other prime in the factorization of 4n = 22n
(By uniqueness of the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic).
5 does not occur in the prime factorization of 4n for any n.
Therefore, 4n does not end with the digit zero for any natural number n.

Question 18.
Can two numbers have 15 as their HCF and 175 as their LCM? Give reasons. (2017
OD)
Solution:
No, LCM = Product of the highest power of each factor involved in the numbers.
HCF = Product of the smallest power of each common factor.
We can conclude that LCM is always a multiple of HCF, i.e., LCM = k × HCF
We are given that,
LCM = 175 and HCF = 15

⇒ 11.67 = k
175 = k × 15

But in this case, LCM ≠ k × HCF


Therefore, two numbers cannot have LCM as 175 and HCF as 15.

Real Numbers Class 10 Important Questions Short


Answer-II (3 Marks)
Question 19.
Prove that √5 is irrational and hence show that 3 + √5 is also irrational. (2012)
Solution:
Let us assume, to the contrary, that √5 is rational.
So, we can find integers p and q (q ≠ 0), such that
√5 = pq, where p and q are coprime.
Squaring both sides, we get

⇒ 5q2 = p2 …(i)
5 = p2q2
⇒ 5 divides p2
5 divides p
So, let p = 5r
Putting the value of p in (i), we get

⇒ 5q2 = 25r2
5q2 = (5r)2

⇒ q2 = 5r2
⇒ 5 divides q2
5 divides q
So, p and q have atleast 5 as a common factor.
But this contradicts the fact that p and q have no common factor.
So, our assumption is wrong, is irrational.
√5 is irrational, 3 is a rational number.
So, we conclude that 3 + √5 is irrational.
Question 20.
Prove that 3 + 2√3 is an irrational number. (2014)
Solution:
Let us assume to the contrary, that 3 + 2√3 is rational.
So that we can find integers a and b (b ≠ 0).
Such that 3 + 2√3 = ab, where a and b are coprime.
Rearranging the equations, we get

Since a and b are integers, we get a2b−32 is rational and so √3 is rational.


But this contradicts the fact that √3 is irrational.
So we conclude that 3 + 2√3 is irrational.
Question 21.
Three bells toll at intervals of 9, 12, 15 minutes respectively. If they start tolling together,
after what time will they next toll together? (2013)
Solution:
9 = 32, 12 = 22 × 3, 15 = 3 × 5
LCM = 22 × 32 × 5 = 4 × 9 × 5 = 180 minutes or 3 hours
They will next toll together after 3 hours.

Question 22.
Two tankers contain 850 liters and 680 liters of petrol. Find the maximum capacity of a
container which can measure the petrol of each tanker in the exact number of times.
(2012)
Solution:
To find the maximum capacity of a container which can measure the petrol of each
tanker in the exact number of times, we find the HCF of 850 and 680.
850 = 2 × 52 × 17
680 = 23 × 5 × 17
HCF = 2 × 5 × 17 = 170
Maximum capacity of the container = 170 liters.

Common questions

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The expression can be factored as 2 × 11 × (17 × 5 × 3 + 1), which simplifies to 2 × 11 × 256. Since it is divisible by more than two numbers (specifically 2, 11, and 256), it qualifies as a composite number, having more than two prime factors .

For two numbers with HCF = 15 and LCM = 175 to exist, the relationship LCM = k × HCF must hold, where k is an integer. However, since 175 ÷ 15 yields a non-integer 11.67, these requirements can't be satisfied, indicating such numbers don't exist. LCM must be an exact multiple of HCF .

Given that dividing 70 by the required number leaves a remainder 5 (70 - 5 = 65) and dividing 125 leaves a remainder 8 (125 - 8 = 117), we need the largest common divisor of 65 and 117. Their factorizations are 65 = 5 × 13 and 117 = 3² × 13, so the HCF is 13. Hence, the required number is 13 .

To determine when three bells will toll together again, calculate the Least Common Multiple (LCM) of their intervals. For intervals of 9, 12, and 15 minutes, the LCM is found by considering their prime factorizations: 9 = 3², 12 = 2² × 3, and 15 = 3 × 5. The LCM is 2² × 3² × 5 = 180 minutes or 3 hours .

Represent the repeating decimal 6.12¯ as x = 6.12¯, leading to 100x = 612.12¯. Subtract the equations to get 99x = 606, and thus x = 606/99 = 202/33. The prime factorization of the denominator 33 is 3 × 11 .

The expression 4^n consists of only the prime factor 2, represented as (2^2)^n = 2^(2n). A number ends with 0 if it is divisible by 10, which requires both 2 and 5 as factors. Since the factor 5 does not appear in 2^(2n), 4^n cannot end with the digit 0 for any natural number n .

Assuming 3√7 is rational implies that there exist integers a and b (b ≠ 0) such that 3√7 = a/b. Rearranging gives √7 = a/(3b), suggesting √7 is rational. This contradicts the known fact that √7 is irrational, thus proving that 3√7 must also be irrational .

Assume that 3 + 2√3 is rational, implying integers a and b such that 3 + 2√3 = a/b. Rearranging gives √3 = (a/2b) - (3/2), meaning √3 is rational. This contradicts the fact that √3 is irrational, thereby proving that 3 + 2√3 is also irrational .

The LCM of two numbers is always a multiple of their HCF. Given that LCM = 175 and HCF = 15, the equation LCM = k × HCF should hold. However, 175 divided by 15 equals approximately 11.67, which is not an integer. Thus, it is impossible for two numbers to have 15 as their HCF and 175 as their LCM because the expected integer factor k does not exist in this case .

Using Euclid's division lemma, repeatedly apply the division algorithm: 865 = 255 × 3 + 100, 255 = 100 × 2 + 55, 100 = 55 × 1 + 45, 55 = 45 × 1 + 10, and 45 = 10 × 4 + 5. Finally, 10 = 5 × 2 + 0, indicating that the remainder is 0 and the HCF is 5 .

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