Industrial and Employment

Relations An Overview UNIT 4 LABOUR ADMINISTRATION IN

INDIA
Objectives
After completion of this unit, you should be able to:
 understand the concept of labour administration in the Indian context;
 comprehend labour administration machinery in India;
 elaborate the role of various offices in labour administration;
 develop insights into labour administration in states; and
 understand the administration of welfare of unorganised sector workers.
Structure
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Constitutional provisions
4.3 Labour Administration Machinery
4.4 Attached offices of Ministry of Labour & Employment
4.5 Autonomous Organisations
4.6 Labour Administration in States
4.7 Unorganised Sector Workers
4.8 Summary
4.9 Self-Assessment Questions
4.10 Further Readings

4.1 INTRODUCTION
Labour administration is defined by ILO Convention No. 150 as “public administration
activities in the field of national labour policy.” Governments create labour administration
machinery to make organised efforts to fulfil their responsibilities towards labour and
workers. It is therefore important that each country should maintain a robust and dynamic
labour administration system responsible for all aspects of national labour policy
formulation and implementation.
India has a federal system of government where powers are divided between the
central government and the state governments. There is a clear demarcation of
subjects between the governments at the centre and those in the states. Apart from
the two levels of governance, a third tier of governance has been created with the
73rd and 74th amendments of the Constitution. This third tier constitutes the local
government in India, both rural and urban, the objective of which is to empower
people at the grassroot level. The Central government determines the role and
responsibilities of other organs.
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Labour administration is a wide term. It is primarily concerned with labour affairs and Labour Administration
in India
administration of social policy. The meeting of experts on labour administration held in
Geneva in October, 1973 felt that labour administration should include various functions
that include the following:
a) Labour protection (developing standards of working conditions, health and
safety, and terms of employment, including wages and social security);
b) Labour inspection
c) Labour relations;
d) Employment objectives, including training
e) Legal assistance
f) educational functions
With respect to Labour Administration, India has ratified the labour inspection
convention No. (81), 1947. The existing protective labour laws such as those relating
to factories, mines, plantations, shops and establishments, motor transport, payment
of wages, minimum wages, child labour, maternity benefit and others contain the
provisions of the convention and influenced legislative clauses relating to labour
administration and inspection.

4.2 CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS

Labour administration in the country acquired a new direction with the adoption of
the Indian Constitution in 1950. Article 246 and schedule VII of the Constitution
contain provisions relating to distribution of legislative powers between the central
government and state governments. According to the Constitution of India, the
enactment and administration of labour laws is the responsibility of both the Union
and State Governments. There are three lists, viz., the Union List, the Concurrent
List and the State List in the Constitution into which various subjects have been
divided. The following are the principal matters of related to labour enumerated in
each of these lists:
Union List
1) Participation in international conferences, associations and other bodies and
implementing decisions made there at;
2) Port quarantine, including hospitals connected therewith, seamen’s and marine
hospitals;
3) Regulation of labour and safety in mines and oilfields;
4) Industrial disputes concerning union employees;
5) Union agencies and institutions for:
a) professional, vocational or technical training; and
b) the promotion of special studies or research.
6) Enquiries, surveys and statistics for the purpose of any of the matters in this list.
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Industrial and Employment Concurrent List
Relations An Overview
1) Economic and social planning;
2) Trade Unions, industrial and labour disputes;
3) Social security and social insurance; employment and unemployment;
4) Labour Welfare, including conditions of work, provident fund, employers’
liability, workmen’s compensation, invalidity and old age pensions, and
maternity benefits;
5) Vocational and technical training of labour;
6) Factories; and
7) Inquiries and statistics for purposes of any of the matters specified in the
concurrent list and the state list.
State List
1) Public order;
2) Public health and sanitation, hospitals and dispensaries; and
3) Relief of the disabled and unemployable

4.3 LABOUR ADMINISTRATION MACHINERY

The Ministry of Labour & Employment is at the top of the labour administration
machinery. It aims at protecting and safeguarding the interests of workers and the
deprived and disadvantaged sections of the society. Since cordial industrial relations
are important for the economy of the country, its purpose is to create a healthy work
environment for achieving higher production and productivity.
The mission of the Ministry is formulating and implementing policies and
programmes for , providing social security and welfare, regulating conditions of
work, occupational health and safety of workers, eliminating child labour, promoting
harmonious industrial relations, ensuring enforcement of labour laws and promoting
employment services.
Since liberalisation of economy has accentuated the need to develop new skills, the
Ministry, with the view to enable workers and weaker sections to develop desired
skills and get jobs, the Ministry focuses on vocational skill training and employment
services. Another important objective of the government is the provision of social
security and promotion of welfare to the labour force both in organized and unorganized
sectors. These objectives are sought to be achieved through enactment and
implementation of various labour laws, which regulate the terms and conditions of
service and employment of workers. The State Governments are also competent to
enact legislations, as labour is a subject in the concurrent list under the Constitution of
India. The Ministry functions with the help of its various offices.
Labour inspection is an essential part of the labour administration system, exercising
the fundamental function of labour law enforcement and effective compliance)
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 Labour Administration
4.4 ATTACHED OFFICES OF MINISTRY OF in India

LABOUR & EMPLOYMENT

1) Chief Labour Commissioner(Central)
The organization of the Chief Labour Commissioner(Central) also known as Central
Industrial Relations Machinery is an apex organization in the country responsible for
maintaining harmonious industrial relations mainly in the sphere of central Government.
In pursuance of the recommendation of the Royal Commission on Labour in India, the
organization was set up in April, 1945. The organization gradually expanded with increase
in the number of labour legislations and increased industrial activity in the post-
independence period in the country.
In order to secure better conciliation, preventive mediation and more effective
enforcement of labour laws, a scheme to further strengthening of the Central Industrial
Relations Machinery was approved under the sixth five-year plan. As a result, three
more regions with headquarters at Guwahati, Chandigarh and Bangalore were created
during 1981-82. Three more new regions with Headquarters at Ahmedabad, New
Delhi and Cochin were created under the seventh five-year plan in 1987-88. Two
new regions Dehradun and Raipur with headquarters at Uttranchal and
Chattisgarh respectively were created in the year 2005.
Functions
Important functions of CLC include
1. Prevention and Settlement of Industrial Disputes: The CIRM ensures
harmonious industrial relations in the central sphere establishments through:
 Intervention, mediation and conciliation in industrial disputes with a view to
bring about settlements of disputes.
 Implementation of settlements and awards
 Interventions in situations of threatened strikes and lockouts with a view to
avert them.
2. Enforcement of Labour Laws and Rules made there under:
3. Quasi-Judicial functions: The officers of CIRM perform quasi-judicial functions
under various labour enactments
4. Verification of Trade Union membership: The officers of CIRM are required
to conduct verification of trade union membership as under:
 Verification of Trade Union membership for recognition under Code of
Discipline as directed by Ministry of Labour and Employment or by order of
High Court, Supreme Court.
 Statutory verification for appointment of workmen Director in Nationalised
and State Banks
 General verification of Central Trade Unions Organisation by checking records
and sampling.
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Industrial and Employment Directorate General of Employment
Relations An Overview
The Directorate General of Employment (DGE) in Ministry of Labour is the apex
organization for development and coordination at National level for the programmes
relating to vocational training including Women’s Vocational Training and Employment
Services. Employment service is operated through a countrywide network of
Employment Exchanges. Industrial Training Institutes are under the administrative and
financial control of State Governments or Union Territory Administrations. DGE also
operates Vocational Training Schemes in some of the specialized areas through field
institutes under its direct control. Development of these programmes at national level,
particularly in the area concerning common policies, common standards and procedures,
training of instructors and trade testing are the responsibility of the DGE. But, day-to-
day administration of employment Exchanges and Industrial Training Institutes rests
with the State Governments/ Union Territories Administrations. Distribution of
responsibilities between Central Govt., State Governments and Industry has been shown
in the table Tasks and Responsibilities.
Directorate General Factory Advice Service Labour Institute
The office of the chief adviser of factories, which is now called directorate general,
factory advice service and labour institutes, was setup in 1945 with the objective of
advising central and state governments on administration of the factories act and
coordinating the factory inspection services in states. The directorate general, factory
advice and labour institutes comprise:
 Head quarters situated in Mumbai
 Central labour institute in Mumbai.
 Regional labour institutes in Chennai, Kanpur, Kolkata and Faridabad.
The Directorate assists the Ministry in formulating national policies on occupational
safety and health in factories and docks. It also advises factories on various problems
concerning safety, health, efficiency and well - being of the persons at work places.
Central labour institute aims to improve work methods and working conditions so as
to enhance the quality of work life ( including safety, health and productivity) of the
industrial workers.
Labour Bureau
Bureau is responsible for the collation, collection and publication of statistics and related
information on wages, earnings, productivity, absenteeism, labour turn-over, industrial
relations, working and living conditions and evaluation of working of various labour
enactments etc. It keeps records of important economic indicators like Consumer
Price Index statistics for industrial, agricultural and rural labourers; wage rate indices
and data on industrial relations, socio-economic conditions in the organized and
unorganised sector of industry etc. The functions/activities of Labour Bureau can be
classified under three major heads:
1. Labour Intelligence
2. Labour Research
3. Monitoring and evaluation studies under the Minimum Wages Act 1948.
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Its mission is to labour related issues as important theme in Development Agenda Labour Administration
in India
through:
 Addressing issues of transformations in the world of work;
 Disseminating knowledge, skills and attitudes to major social partners and
stakeholders concerned with labour and employment;
 Undertaking research studies and training interventions of world class
standards; and
 Building understanding and partnerships with globally respected institutions
involved with labour.
Labour Statistics in India may be said to have originated when the first national
population census was conducted in 1872. Since then, every census has thrown useful
data on workers in different industries and occupations every 10 years. Besides census,
other data on labour statistics were collected on ad-hoc basis. The Royal Commission
on Labour in 1931 pointed out the need for systematic collection of labour statistics.
This recommendation of the Rau Court of Enquiry (1940) led to setting up of the
Directorate of Cost of Living at Shimla in 1941 with the objective of conducting Family
Budget Enquiries and compiling Cost of Living Index Numbers for important centers
in the country on a uniform basis. Industrial Statistics Act was enacted in 1942 to
facilitate collection of statistics on
a. matters relating to factories and
b. certain specified areas of welfare and conditions of labour.
The need for more comprehensive labour statistics in the context of formulation of
labour policy led to the setting up of the Labour Bureau in 1946 by rrenaming the
Directorate of Cost of Living with added functions. Labour Bureau has been working
for collection, compilation, analysis and dissemination of statistics on different facets of
labour at All India level.
Central Government Industrial Tribunal-cum-Labour Courts (CGITs)
Central Government Industrial Tribunal-cum-Labour Courts (CGIT-cum-LCs) are set
up under the provisions of Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 for adjudication of industrial
disputes arising in Central Sphere. These CGIT-cum-LCs are headed by Presiding
Officers who are selected from amongst High Court Judges or Distt./Addl. Distt. Judges.
The CGIT-cum-LCs have been set up with the objective of maintaining peace and
harmony in the industrial sector by quick and timely disposal of industrial disputes
through adjudication so that industrial growth does not suffer on account of any
widespread industrial unrest. Moreover, due to increasing awareness about their rights
and Labour laws among the workers, there is a gradual increase in the number of
cases being filed under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 before the CGIT-cum-LCs.
Restructuring of workforce on account of application of latest technology in the industries
has also resulted in retrenchment, declaration of surplus etc. which has further led to an
increase in workers’ grievances.
Directorate General of Mines Safety
Directorate General of Mines Safety (DGMS) is the Indian Government Regulatory
agency for safety in mines and oil-fields. The mission of the DGMS is to improve
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Industrial and Employment safety and health standards, practices and performance in the mining industry and
Relations An Overview
upstream petroleum industry by implementing:
 pro-active safety and health strategies;
 continuous improvement of processes;
 effective use of resources;
 commitment and professional behaviour in its personnel.
The Organisation has its headquarters at Dhanbad (Jharkhand) and is headed by the
Director- General of Mines Safety. At the headquarter, the Director-General is assisted
by specialist staff-officers in mining, electrical & mechanical engineering, occupational
health, law, survey, statistics, administration and accounts disciplines. The headquarters
has also a technical library and S&T laboratories as a back-up support to the
organization
Current functions of DGMS broadly include:
1. Inspection of Mines;
2. Investigation into:
a. Accidents
b. Dangerous occurrences – emergency response
c. Complaints and other matters.
3. Action taken consequent to inspection and enquiry.
4. Grant of:
a. Statutory permission, exemption & relaxations – pre-view of project reports
& mining plans.
b. Approval of mine safety equipment, material & appliances.
5. Interactions for development of safety equipment, material and safe work practices
through workshop etc.
6. Development of Safety Legislation & Standards.
7. Safety Information Dissemination.
8. Conduct of Examinations for grant of competency certificates.
9. Safety promotional initiatives through conferences, awareness programmes and
forming specialized bodies

Activity 1: Visit the Central Ministry of Labour’s website and enlist the offices
that are functional.
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 Labour Administration
4.5 AUTONOMOUS ORGANISATIONS in India

The autonomous organizations of the Ministry are:

1. Employees State Insurance Corporation;
2. Employees Provident Fund Organization;
3. Central Board for Workers Education; and
4. VV Giri National Labour Institute.
Employees State Insurance Scheme of India
Employees’ State Insurance Scheme of India, is a multidimensional social security
system created to provide socio-economic protection to worker population and
their dependants covered under the scheme. Besides medical care for self and
dependants, the insured persons are also entitled to a variety of cash benefits in
times of physical distress due to sickness, temporary or permanent disablement etc.
resulting in loss of earning capacity, the confinement in respect of insured women,
dependants of insured persons who die in industrial accidents or because of
employment injury or occupational hazard are entitled to a monthly pension called
the dependants benefit.
Employees Provident Fund Organisation
The Constitution of India under “Directive Principles of State Policy” provides that the
State shall within the limits of its economic capacity make effective provision for securing
the right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old-
age, sickness & disablement and undeserved want. With this objective, The Employees’
Provident Fund came into existence with the promulgation of the Employees’ Provident
Funds Ordinance in 1951. It was replaced by the Employees’ Provident Funds Act,
1952. The Act is now referred as the Employees’ Provident Funds & Miscellaneous
Provisions Act, 1952 which extends to the whole of India. The Act and Schemes
framed there under are administered by a tri-partite Board known as the Central Board
of Trustees, Employees’ Provident Fund, consisting of representatives of Government
(Both Central and State), Employers, and Employees.
V.V. Giri National Labour Institute
The National Labour Institute, known until 1995 as the V. V. Giri National Labour
Institute, was first conceived in 1962. The need for an autonomous institute to undertake
and coordinate research in the field of labour was a prominent part of the development
agenda of the country and the Institute got established in the year 1974 as an autonomous
body of the Ministry of Labour & Employment, Govt. of India.
V.V. Giri National Labour Institute is a premier national institution involved with research,
training, education, publication and consultancy on labour related issues. The Institute,
established in 1974, is an autonomous body of the Ministry of Labour and Employment,
Government of India.
Mission
Bring Labour and Labour Relations as the Central Feature in Development Agenda
through:
 Addressing issues of transformations in the world of work; 59
Industrial and Employment  Disseminating knowledge, skills and attitudes to major social partners and
Relations An Overview
stakeholders concerned with labour and employment;
 Undertaking research studies and training interventions of world class
standards; and
 Building understanding and partnerships with globally respected institutions
involved with labour.

4.6 LABOUR ADMINISTRATION MACHINERY IN

STATES
The machineries for labour administration in the states are similar to those operating at
the center. The central government is empowered to give direction to the state
government and to delegate powers and impose duties on them. Many central labour
laws are enforced both by the central and state government in industries or
establishments that fall under their respective jurisdictions.
Generally speaking, labour administration of the state governments is on a pattern
similar to central labour administration with slight variations relating to implementing
agencies and the requirements of the state enactments and non-statutory labour
programmes. The main organizations for labour administration in the states comprise,
department of labour and employment (secretariat), office of labour commissioner
chief inspectorate of factories, chief inspectorate of boilers, office of chief inspector,
shops and establishments, directorate, employment and training, directorate, medical
services ESI scheme), social security directorate and adjudication authorities.
Directorate General Labour Welfare (labour welfare organization) is dealing the matters
concerning policy and legislation related to workers in the unorganised sector and
administration of welfare funds for specified categories of workers through seventeen
regions headed by welfare commissioner who implement the welfare schemes made
under the welfare funds.
Department of Labour and Employment (Secretariat)
The governments of all the states have established organisations for the administration
and enforcement of the various labour laws in force in their territories and for the
collection, compilation and dissemination of statistical and other information relating to
labour. Every state has appointed labour commissioners for the purpose of administration
of labour laws and welfare activities in their respective areas. These commissioners are
assisted by deputy labour commissioners and/or assistant labour commissioners. Most
of the states have also appointed chief inspectors of factories and chief inspectors of
boilers to administer the Factories Act, 1948 and the Indian Boilers Act, 1923
respectively. In addition, they have appointed commissioners of employees’
compensation under the Employees’ Compensation Act, 1923 and registrars of trade
unions under the Trade Unions Act, 1926 and various other authorities with a view to
discharging labour administration work in their respective jurisdictions. Certain states
have also special machinery for the collection of labour statistics.
The responsibility for labour administration in the states generally vests in the department
of labour and employment, the secretariat of which represents the government side. It
is generally in charge of a minister, who may occasionally be assisted by a minister of
60 state and deputy minister. on the official side, the secretary or the principal secretary is
the chief executive. his team generally includes an additional secretary, and a few joint Labour Administration
in India
secretaries, deputy secretaries and under secretaries according to requirements. it is
this organization that formulates the labour policy of the state, establishes liaison with
the central ministry of labour coordinates and guides the activities of enforcing machineries
and takes decisions on behalf of the government.
Office of the Labour Commissioner
The Labour Department, is headed by Secretary (Labour), who is assisted by
Commissioner, Special Labour Commissioner, Deputy Labour Commissioners,
Assistant Labour Commissioners, Chief Inspector of Factories, Electrical Inspector,
Chief Inspector of Boilers, Chief Inspector of Shops and Establishments, Labour
Officers, Welfare Officer and other supporting staff. With a view to make the
administration responsive to the needs of the people and bring governance to their
doorsteps, the department has been organized on territorial basis into nine districts.
Each district is headed by a Deputy Labour Commissioner who is assisted by Assistant
Labour Commissioners and Labour Officers.
Chief inspectorate of factories
The Chief Inspector of Factories is assisted by Deputy Chief Inspectors of Factories,
Inspectors of Factories and Inspector of Factories (Medical). The Chief Inspector of
Factories, who heads this Inspectorate works under the administrative control of Labour
Commissioner cum Secretary (Labour) of Government of NCT of Delhi. The Inspectors
work under the supervisory control of Dy. Chief Inspectors of Factories. The Dy.
Chief Inspectors of Factories and Inspector of Factories (Medical) operate from
Headquarters.
Chief inspectorate of boilers
The boilers are inspected by the Boiler Inspectorate as per the procedure laid under
Indian Boilers Regulations –1950, during use, and if found satisfactory are allowed to
be worked for a maximum period of 12 months as per the provisions of Indian Boiler
Act - 1923. The boilers are also casually visited to check the validity of the certificate,
their safe and efficient operation. The Inspectorate also guides the boiler owners to
work the boilers more efficiently keeping in view Basic Objective of the Act i.e. the
“Protection of Human Life & Property from the explosions of the Boilers”.
Office of chief inspector, shops and establishments
The object of Delhi Shops and Establishments Act, 1954, is to give some minimum
benefits and relief to the vast unorganized sector of employees, employed in Shops
and Establishments. Industrial Dispute Act 1947, and Delhi Shops & Establishments.
Act, 1954 are supplemental to each other.
The Act is enforced through the Chief Inspector of Shops (CIS) and various inspectors
under the Act, who are posted in nine districts of the capital who function under the
supervision and control of Dy./ Asstt. Labour Commissioners of the concerned district.
Chief Inspector functions under the supervision of Dy. Labour Commissioners (CIS)
who in turn functions under the supervision of LC.
Directorate, employment and training
The organization primarily looks after the operation of employment exchanges, industrial
training institutes, vocational guidance programme and some other institutions. The 61
Industrial and Employment activities of the directorate are essentially governed by the policies, standards and
Relations An Overview
procedures set by the central directorate general, employment and training. Other
activities of the organization include employment market information, vocational
rehabilitation centers, and training of handicapped groups such as women and physically
handicapped. The training wing of the department also looks after the implementation
of the Apprentices Act, 1961. Generally, the directorate functions independently of the
organizing of labour commissioner.
Directorate, medical services (ESI SCHEME)
The main responsibility for the operation of medical benefit under the employees’ state
insurance act, 1948 lies with the state governments which are required to make available
the services of the medical and para-medical personnel. In most the states a special
wing has been established for the purpose. As the medical benefit under the ESI scheme
has been extended also to the family members of the insured persons and superannuated
employees, the responsibility of the state governments in this regard has increases. A
director, administrative medical officer or a chief medical officer under the labour
department has been made in charge of the wing.
Social security directorate
A few states have established social security directorates for implementing certain social
security schemes for the poor, unorganized workers, rehabilitation of bonded labourers
and implementation of the interstate migrant workmen (regulation of employment and
conditions of services) act, 1979. They also look after the implementation of national
old age pension scheme, national family benefit scheme and national maternity benefit
scheme.
Adjudication authorities
The state governments have also constituted labour courts and tribunals under the
industrial disputes act, 1947, and a few of them have set up other adjudication authorities
such as industrial courts and wages boards under state laws. As on October 31,1998,
as many as 214 labour courts, 97 tribunals and 22 labour courts-cum-tribunals were
functioning in the states.
Welfare Commissioners
The nine offices of welfare commissioners are responsible for providing welfare facilities
to the workers employed in mica, limestone and dolomite, iron ore, manganese and
chrome ore mines and in the beedi and cinema industries

Activity 2 : Give an overview of the offices under Ministry of Labour in your

state.
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 Labour Administration
4.7 UNORGANISED SECTOR WORKERS in India

The term unorganized worker has been defined under the Unorganized Workers’
Social Security Act, 2008, as a home based worker, self-employed worker or a
wage worker in the unorganized sector and includes a worker in the organized sector
who is not covered by any of the Acts mentioned in Schedule-II of Act i.e. the
Employee’s Compensation Act, 1923 (3 of 1923), the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947
(14 of 1947), the Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948 (34 of 1948), the Employees
Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provision Act, 1952 (19 of 1952), the Maternity
Benefit Act, 1961 (53 of 1961) and the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 (39 of
1972).
Welfare measures for the unorganised sector
The Ministry of Labour and Employment in order to ensure the welfare of workers in
the unorganised sector which includes, among others, handloom workers, fishermen
and fisherwomen, leather workers, plantation labourers and beedi workers, has enacted
the Unorganized Workers’ Social Security Act, 2008. The Act provides for a
Constitution of the National Social Security Board which has been entrusted with the
duty to recommend the formulation of social security schemes, viz. life and disability
cover, health and maternity benefits, old age protection and any other benefits as may
be determined by the Government for the unorganised workers.
Other measures for manageing onorganised workers are as following:
1. eShram
The portal for the registration of Unorganized Workers across the Country was
launched on 26th August 2021. This portal will help build a comprehensive National
Database of Unorganized Workers (NDUW) in the country. The portal will prove to
be a huge boost towards last mile delivery of the welfare schemes for crores of
unorganized workers for more than 38 Crore workers. The registration is totally
free for the workers.
2. Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan-dhan (PM-SYM)
Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maandhan Yojana is a government scheme meant for old
age protection and social security of Unorganized workers.
3. Aam Admi Beema Yojana
The workers in the unorganized sector constitute about 93% of the total work force in
the country. The Government has been implementing some social security measures
for certain occupational groups but the coverage is miniscule. The majority of the
workers are still without any social security coverage. Recognizing the need for providing
social security to these workers, the Central Government has introduced a Bill in the
Parliament.

4.8 SUMMARY
Labour administration is a wide term. It is primarily concerned with labour affairs and
administration of social policy. According to the Constitution of India, the enactment 63
Industrial and Employment and administration of labour laws is the responsibility of both the Union and State
Relations An Overview
Governments. The Ministry of Labour & Employment is at the top of the labour
administration machinery. It is one of the oldest and important Ministries of the
Government of India. It aims at protecting and safeguarding the interests of workers
and the deprived and disadvantaged sections of the society. It functions with the help
of its various attached offices. The machineries for labour administration in the states
are similar to those operating at the center. The central government is empowered to
give direction to the state government and to delegate powers and impose duties on
them. Many central labour laws are enforced both by the central and state government
in industries or establishments that fall under their respective jurisdictions. National
Social Security Board which has been entrusted with the duty to recommend the
formulation of social security schemes for unorganised sector workers in India.

4.9 SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

1. Explain the concept and need of labour administration machinery.
2. Describe the structure of labour administration machinery in India.
3. Elucidate the objectives and functions of Directorate General Factory Advice
Service Labour Institute.
4. Explain the labour administrative machinery in states.
5. Describe the functions of the four autonomous bodies attached with the Ministry
of Labour and Employment for labour administration.
6. Give an overview of the attached offices of the Ministry of Labour and Employment
In India.
7. Elucidate the measures and administration of welfare of unorganized sector workers
in India.

4.10 FURTHER READINGS

 Jha, P (2016). Labour in Contemporary India (Oxford India Short
Introductions Series). New Delhi: Oxford University Press
 Ramu, S. B., Ramachandra Gowda, N. K. & Krishne Gowda, Y. T. (2019).
Fundamentals of industrial relations. New Age International Private Limited.
 Bhatia, S. K. (2003). Constructive industrial relations and labour laws. Deep
and Deep Publications.
 Mamoria, C. B., Mamoria, S. & Gankar, S. V. (2012). Dynamics of industrial
relations. Himalaya Publishing House.

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