Chemistry End-of-term test

Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

Surname Other names

Time: 80 minutes

Instructions
 Use black ink or ball-point pen.
 Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name.
 Answer all questions.
 Answer the questions in the spaces provided – there may be more space than you
need.
 Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
 Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box.
 If you change your mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
your new answer with a cross.

Information
 The total marks for this paper is 80.
 The marks for each question are shown in brackets; use this as a guide as to how
much time to spend on each question.

Advice
 Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
 Write your answers neatly and in good English.
 Try to answer every question.
 Check your answers if you have time at the end.

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You will need access to a Periodic Table throughout the assessment.

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Section A – multiple choice [10 minutes]
Complete Section A within the guide time of 10 minutes.

These are multiple choice questions; select one correct answer for each question.

1 You may need a copy of the Periodic Table to answer this question.
Sodium loses an electron to become the ion Na+. Which of the following atoms or ions
has the same electronic structure as the sodium ion?

 A Mg+

 B F

 C K+

 D Ne

2 Why do covalent compounds generally not conduct electricity?

 A Covalent compounds are mainly gases.

 B Covalent compounds have a full outer electron shell.

 C Covalent compounds are generally unreactive.

 D Covalent compounds have weak attraction between the molecules.

 E Covalent compounds do not have an overall charge so there are not any
charged particles to move around.

3 Two students are attempting to identify an unknown white crystalline powder. Look at
their results below and then decide which type of structure the unknown powder has.

Conducts electricity
Conducts electricity
Melting point Soluble in water when molten or in
when solid
solution
801 °C Yes No Yes

 A Giant ionic

 B Giant covalent

 C Metallic

 D Simple covalent

 E Simple molecular

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4 Propane (C3H8) is often used as a fuel. It has a covalent compound with a simple
molecular structure. Which of the following statements is likely to be true?

 A It has a strong attraction between its molecules.

 B It has low melting and boiling points.

 C It is a solid at room temperature.

 D It is a good conductor of electricity.

 E It is made of ions.

5 You may need a copy of the Periodic Table to answer this question.

Read the statements below carefully. Which one of them correctly describes the bond
formed when potassium combines with chlorine to produce potassium chloride?

 A One potassium atom gives one electron to one chlorine atom.

 B One potassium atom and one chlorine atom share one pair of electrons each.

 C Two potassium atoms each give chlorine two electrons.

 D One chlorine atom gives one potassium atom one electron.

6 The table below shows the reactions of various metals with air and water. With this
information it is possible to put metals into order of reactivity, from least reactive to most
reactive. From this list, decide which metal is likely to be copper.

Metal Reaction with air Reaction with water

A Nothing happens Nothing happens
B Surface reacts slowly A few bubbles of gas
C Surface reacts quickly Bubbles
D Surface reacts Lots of bubbles
immediately

7 Bromine is found in group 7. Select from the list below, the description of bromine at
room temperature.

 A Yellow gas

 B Grey solid

 C Red/brown liquid

 D Green gas

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8 Which of the following substances is most likely to be a giant covalent structure?

 A A green gas.

 B A brown solid that melts at 120 °C and boils at 185 °C.

 C A white solid that melts at 750 °C and boils at 1360 °C.

 D A clear liquid that boils at 78 °C.

9 Which one of the following statements best describes the differences between graphite
and diamond?

 A In graphite, each carbon atom bonds to three other carbon atoms forming
sheets of hexagons, which can slide over each other. In diamond, each carbon
atom bonds to four other carbon atoms to give a strong structure in three
dimensions.

 B In diamond, each carbon atom bonds to three other carbon atoms forming
sheets of hexagons, which can slide over each other. In graphite, each carbon atom
bonds to four other carbon atoms to give a strong structure in three dimensions.

 C In graphite, each carbon atom bonds to three oxygen atoms forming sheets of
hexagons, which can slide over each other. In diamond, each carbon atom bonds to
four other carbon atoms to give a strong structure in three dimensions.

 D In graphite, each carbon atom bonds to one other carbon atom forming sheets
of hexagons, which can slide over each other. In diamond, each carbon atom bonds
to one other carbon atom to give a strong structure in three dimensions.

10 You may use a Periodic Table for this question.

What charge does a magnesium ion have?

 A 2+

 B 0

 C 1+

 D 1−

[Total for Section A = 10 marks]

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Section B – short answers [70 minutes]
Complete Section B within the guide time of 70 minutes.

11 The table below shows the properties of some simple molecular compounds.

Compound Molecular Boiling point /°C

formula

ethane C2H6 −89

propane C3H8 −42
butane C4H10 −1
pentane C5H12 36

(a) Describe how a covalent bond is formed.

[2]

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(b) Explain why the boiling points of the compounds in the table increase as the number of
atoms in their molecules increases.

[3]

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(c) Draw the structure of ethane, showing all the covalent bonds.

[2]

(d) Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the bonding in carbon dioxide, CO2.

[3]

[Total for Question 11 = 10 marks]

12 The diagram below shows the electronic configurations of magnesium and oxygen.

Magnesium and oxygen react together to form magnesium oxide.

Magnesium oxide contains magnesium ions and oxide ions.

(a) Draw, on the diagram below, the electronic configurations of magnesium ions and
oxide ions.

[3]

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 (b) Explain why the loss of an electron from an atom always produces a cation (a
positively charged ion).

[2]

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(c) The diagram below shows the structure of magnesium oxide. It is similar to the
structure of sodium chloride.

(i) Identify the type of structure shown in the diagram above.

[1]

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(ii) Describe the bonding present in magnesium oxide.

[2]

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 ______________________________________________________________

(d) Explain why magnesium oxide will conduct electricity when it is molten, but not
when it is solid.

[2]

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[Total for Question 12 = 10 marks]

13 This question is about Group 1.

(a) State the other name given to Group 1 elements.

[1]

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(b) Sodium and chlorine react together quickly. Write a balanced equation for this
reaction.

[2]

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(c) Describe what you would see if the product of the reaction in (b) were shaken with
water.

[2]

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 (d) Explain the difference in the reactivity of potassium with chlorine compared to
sodium reacting with chlorine.

[5]

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14 This question is about Group 7

(a) State the other name that Group 7 elements are known as.

[1]

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(b) Iodine is a solid at room temperature. Explain which state astatine will be found in
at room temperature.

[2]

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(c) Describe what you see when bromine is added to potassium iodide solution.

[1]

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 (d) Explain why the reaction in (c) happens and write a word equation for the reaction.

[3]

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(e) Write the equation for this reaction.

[3]

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[Total for Question 14 = 10 marks]

15 This question is about the types of bonding found in elements and compounds.

(a) Complete the table.

Substance Element or compound Type of bonding

carbon dioxide

potassium chloride

methane

nitrogen

A student is testing an unknown substance. Read through the notes from their
experiment carefully.

The substance was a solid at room temperature. It was heated and began to melt
at 330 °C. It did not conduct electricity when solid, but it did when molten. The
substance was very soluble in water.

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 (b) Suggest what type of bonding there was inside the substance. Explain your answer.

[4]

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[Total for Question 15 = 12 marks]

16 Aluminium oxide is an insoluble white compound.

(a) State the type of bonding in aluminium oxide.

[1]

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(b) Explain why solid aluminium oxide is unlikely to conduct electricity.

[2]

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 (c) There are two methods used to alter compounds so that they can conduct
electricity. List both methods and explain why only one of the two methods can be
used with aluminium oxide.

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(d) Suggest why the method you described in (c) to make aluminium oxide conduct
electricity may be expensive.

[2]

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 (e) Complete these tables of ion names and formulas. You might find a Periodic Table
useful to complete parts of the table.

[8]

Positive ion name Formula Charge Negative ion name Formula Charge

Na+ 1+ chloride Cl−

2−
calcium 2+ O 2−

lithium Li+ bromide 1−

aluminium 3+ sulfate SO42−

(f) Use the ion formulas above to write the correct formulas of the following ionic
compounds formed by the named ions.

(i) calcium oxide

[1]

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(ii) sodium sulfate

[1]

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[Total for Question 16 = 18 marks]

[Total for Section B = 70 marks]

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