GROUP 6:

ABAYAN, CAMILLA
CUPIDO, KHATE KRISTINE
DACLES, ZYRA JEAN
HUMAN SEXUALITY
• It is the capacity of human beings to have erotic
experiences and responses towards things or individuals.
• Sexuality may be experienced and expressed in a variety
of ways.
• These may manifest themselves in biological, physical,
emotional, social, or spiritual aspects.
PUBERTY
Puberty is the period of physical and hormonal changes
during which a child's body develops into an adult, capable of
sexual reproduction. It typically involves growth spurts, the
development of secondary sexual characteristics, and changes
in reproductive organs.
ONSET PUBERTY
• On average, girls begin puberty at ages 10 to 11, and boys
at ages 11 to 12.
• Girls usually complete puberty between ages 15 and 17,
while boys typically complete puberty between ages 16
and 17.
REACTION OF BOYS TO PUBERTY

• The increase in height and muscle.

• The facial hair growth and body hair are associated with
the masculine sex roles.
• The growth of the penis and testes is readily visible and
creates some problems in boys.
• After the spontaneous nocturnal emission, they become
puzzled and embarrassed.
REACTION OF BOYS TO PUBERTY

• Sexual arousal is very urgent and centered in the genitals

around the sex act itself. Premarital heterosex is fraught
with many problems and homosex is generally
condemned by society so the teenager boy resorts to
masturbation, the manipulation of genetals to relieve his
sex drive.
REACTION OF GIRLS TO PUBERTY
• The onset of puberty occurs almost 2 years in advance in
boys.
• The young girl is interested in her changing body and
feminine curve and some girls look at their budding breasts
and also measure the progress of their developing breasts
and compare them with their friends.
• Some may feel tension and foreign body sensations and
attempt to hide them by wearing tight clothes.
REACTION OF GIRLS TO PUBERTY

• The sexual arousal in girls is revealed to be more cultural

than biological basis, although many girls handle the
genitals for the pleasant sensation. Masturbation is
frequently combined with fantasy.
EROGENOUS ZONE
• This refers to parts of the body that are primarily receptive
and increase sexual arousal when touched in a sexual
manner.
• Some of the commonly known erogenous zones are the
mouth, breast, genitals, and anus.
SEXUAL RESPONSE

A biochemical and physiological response/reaction to sexual

stimulation that occurs in men and women after puberty.
HUMAN SEXUAL RESPONSE CYCLE

The sexual response cycle refers to the sequence of physical

and emotional changes that occur as a person becomes
sexually aroused and participates in sexually stimulating
activities, including intercourse and masturbation.
HUMAN SEXUAL RESPONSE CYCLE
• Pioneered by William Masters and Virginia Johnson
(1966).
• Masters and Johnson found that physiological patterns
of sexual response are very similar in women and
men.
• Masters and Johnson also found that the same kinds
of orgasms can be achieved through masturbation,
intercourse, or in some cases even fantasy.
• For both sexes, there are four stages of sexual arousal.
Pleasure and sexual satisfaction are directly related to
the phases of the human sexual response cycle,
consisting of a set of somatic and psychological
changes that are triggered by a certain stimulation.
PHASES OF SEXUAL RESPONSE CYCLE
• EXCITEMENT/DESIRE PHASE
It is caused by an increase in pulse and blood pressure; a
sudden rise in blood supply to the surface of the body resulting
in increased skin temperature, flushing, and swelling of all
distensible body parts, more rapid breathing, secretion of genital
fluids, vaginal expansion, and a general increase in muscle
tension. These symptoms of arousal eventually increase to a
near maximal physiological level that leads to the next stage
PHASES OF SEXUAL RESPONSE CYCLE
• PLATEAU PHASE

The plateau phase is characterized by an increase in sexual

excitement, blood flow, heart rate, muscle tension, breathing
rate, and sensitivity. It can feel like "the heat of the moment" or
"the throes of passion". It is generally of brief duration. If
stimulation is continued orgasm usually occurs.
PHASES OF SEXUAL RESPONSE CYCLE
• ORGASM PHASE

It is marked by a feeling of abrupt, intense pleasure, a rapid

increase in pulse rate and blood pressure, and spasms of the
pelvic muscles causing contractions of the female reproductive
organ and ejaculation by the male. It is also characterized by
involuntary vocalizations. Sexual climax may last for a few
seconds (normally not over ten), after which the individual
enters the resolution stage.
PHASES OF SEXUAL RESPONSE CYCLE
• RESOLUTION STAGE

It is the last stage that refers to the return to a normal or

subnormal physiologic state. Males and females are similar in
their response sequence. Whereas males return to normal even
if stimulation continues, but continued stimulation can produce
additional orgasms in females. Females are physically capable of
repeated orgasms without the intervening “rest period” required
by males.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM DURING HUMAN SEXUAL RESPONSE
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM DURING HUMAN SEXUAL RESPONSE
 UNDERSTANDING THE CHEMISTRY
OF LOVE AND ATTACHMENT
“Dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin…We’re a natural drug factory when we fall in love.”
Helen Fisher
 THE BRAIN AND SEX
The brain is the structure that translates the nerve
impulses from the skin into pleasurable sensations.
• It controls nerves and muscles used during sexual
behavior.
• The brain regulates the release of hormones, which
are believed to be the physiological origin of sexual
desire.

Hyphothalamus is the most important part of the brain for sexual

functioning. This is the small area at the base of the brain consisting
of several groups of nerve-cell bodies that receives input from the
limbic system.
The Three Stages/Categories of Love
According to Dr. Helen Fisher, a researcher at Rutgers University, chemistry
and love are inextricable. She's not speaking, though, of the "chemistry" that
makes two people compatible. Instead, she's speaking of the chemicals that are
released into our bodies as we experience the three categories or stages of love:
 Stage One:Lust
Lust is driven by the need for sexual
gratification and is fueled by
hormones like testosterone and
estrogen, released by the
hypothalamus. This stage promotes
reproduction and is a basic drive
across species, aiming to pass on
genes. However, lust is distinct from
long-lasting love, as it doesn’t
necessarily create lasting bonds.
 Stage One:Attraction
Attraction, a more intense and obsessive
stage, triggers reward pathways in the
brain and is characterized by excitement
and preoccupation with a new partner.
This stage is fueled by dopamine,
norepinephrine, and serotonin, which
cause euphoria, increased energy, and
occasional anxiety. Attraction can overlap
with lust, but it is an exhilarating and often
all-consuming experience on its own.
Stage One:Attachment
Attachment underpins long-term
relationships and bonds through oxytocin
and vasopressin, creating a sense of
security and commitment. This stage often
leads to cohabitation, marriage, or
children, as endorphins promote comfort
and reduce stress. Attachment replaces
the initial thrill of attraction, fostering
stability and emotional closeness in
mature relationships.
The Guide through the Stages of Love
Understanding the science of lust, attraction, and attachment
can help you develop more realistic expectations of your
relationships.
Don’t mistake lust for love
• Give a new relationship time before you start dreaming of a
future together.
Keep the dopamine flowing in a long-term relationship
• You can do this by having date nights, taking lessons, or
going on trips in which you do novel and exciting things
together.
Keep the oxytocin flowing with sex and intimacy
• Write cards and notes, hug and kiss, think of your partner
when she's not around, share your hopes and dreams, and
support those of your partner.
Maintain some independence
• If you’re the jealous, controlling type, start developing your
own activities and friendships that make you feel important
and cared about.
 STD
(Sexually
Transmitted
Diseases)
 Sexually transmitted diseases
(STDs) are infections transmitted
from an infected person to an
uninfected person through sexual
contact. STDs can be caused by
bacteria, viruses, or parasites
Examples include gonorrhea, genital herpes, human
papillomavirus infection, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV), Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS),
chlamydia, and syphilis
GONORRHEA GENITAL HERPES HUMAN
PAPILLOMAVIRUS
INFECTION

SYPHILIS
CHLAMYDIA
HIV AND AIDS
NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTION
• NATURAL CONTRACEPTION

The natural family planning methods do not involve any

chemical or foreign body introduction into the human body.
People who are very conscious of their religious beliefs are more
inclined to use natural way of birth control and other follow such
natural methods because they are more cost-effective.
NATURAL CONTRACEPTIVES
• ABSTINENCE

This natural method involves refraining from sexual intercourse

and is most effective natural birth control method with ideally
0% fail rate. it is considered to be most effective way to avoid
STIs (Sexually Transmitted Infections). However, most people
find it difficult to comply with abstinence, so only few use this
method.
NATURAL CONTRACEPTIVES
• CALENDAR METHOD

This method is also called as the rhythm

method. It entails withholding from coitus during
the days that the woman is fertile. According to
the menstrual cycle, the woman is likely to
concieve three to four days befpre and three or
four days after ovulation. The woman needs to
record her mentrual cycle for six months in
order to calculate the woman’s safe days to
prevent conception.
NATURAL CONTRACEPTIVES
• BASAL BODY TEMPERATURE

The basal body temperature (BBT) indicates the woman’s

temperature at rest. Before the day of ovulation and during
ovulation, BBT falls at 0.5℉; it increases to full degree because of
progesterone and maintains its level throughout the menstrual
cycle. This serves as the basis for the method. The woman must
record her temperature every morning before any activity. A
slight decrease in the basal body temperature followed by a
gradual increase in the basal body temperature can be a sign
that a woman has ovulated.
NATURAL CONTRACEPTIVES

• CERVICAL MUCUS METHOD

The change in the cervical mucus during ovulation is the basis
for this method. During ovulation, the cervical mucus is copious,
thin, and watery. It also exhibits the properly sinnbarkeit,
wherein it can be stretched up until at least 1 inch and is
slippery. The woman is said to be fertile as long as the cervical
mucus is copious and watery. Therefore, she must avoid coitus
during those days to prevent conception.
NATURAL CONTRACEPTIVES
• OVULATION DETECTION

The ovulation detection method uses an

overt-the-counter kit that requires the
urine sample of the woman. The kit can
predict ovulation through the surge of
luteinizing hormone (LH) that happens
12 to 24 hours before ovulation.
NATURAL CONTRACEPTIVES
• COITUS INTERRUPTUS

Coitus Interruptus is one ofthe oldest methods that prevents

conception. A couple still going on with coitus, but the man
withdraws the moment he ejaculates to emit spermatozoa
outside of the female reproductive organ. A disadvantage of this
method is the pre-ejaculation fluid that contains a few
spermatozoa that may cause fertilization.
NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTION
• ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTION

These methods are used to prevent pregnancy through medical

or mechanical means. These methods are designed to stop
sperm from fertilizing an egg or prevent the implantation of a
fertilized egg in the uterus.
ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTIVES
• ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES

Also known as the pill, oral contraceptives contain

synthetic estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen
suppresses the Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) to prevent
ovulation. Moreover, progesterone decreases the
permeability of the cervical mucus to limit the
sperm’s access to the ova. It is suggested that
woman takes the first pill on the first Sunday after
the beginning of a menstrual flow, or as soon as it
is prescribed by the doctor.
ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTIVES
• TRANSDERMAL PATCH
The transdermal patch contains both
estrogen and progesterone. The woman
should apply one patch every week for three
weeks on the following areas: upper outer
arm, upper torso, abdomen, or buttocks. At
the fourth week, no patch is applied because
the menstrual flow would then occur. The
area where the patch is applied should be
clean, dry, and free of irritation.
ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTIVES
• VAGINAL RING
The vaginal ring releases a combination
of estrogen and progesterone and it
surrounds the cervix. This silicon ring is
inserted into the female reproductive
organ and remains there for three weeks
and then removed on the fourth weeks,
as menstrual flow would occur. The
woman become fertile as soon as the ring
is removed.
ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTIVES
• SUBDERMAL IMPLANTS
Subdermal implants are two rod-like
implants inserted under the skin of the
female during her menses or on the
seventh day of her menstruation to make
sure that she will not get pregnant. The
implants are made with etonogestrel,
desogestrel, and progestin and can be
helpful for three to five years.
ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTIVES
• HORMONAL INJECTIONS

A hormal injection contains

medroxyprogesterone, a progesterone,
and is usually given once every 12
weeks intramuscularly. The injection
causes changes into the endometrium
and cervical mucus and can help
prevent ovulation.
ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTIVES
• INTRAUTERINE DEVICE
An Intrauterine device (IUD) is a small, T-
shaped object containing progesterone that
is inserted into the uterus via the female
reproductive organ. It prevents fertilization
by creating a local sterile inflammatory
condition to prevent implantation of the
zygote. The IUD is fitted only by the
physician and inserted after the woman’s
menstrual flow. The dvice can be effective
to five to seven years.
ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTIVES
• CHEMICAL BARRIERS

Chemical barriers such as spermicides, vaginal gels and creams,

and glycerine films are used to cause the death of sperms
before they can enter the cervix and to lower the pH level of the
female reproductive organ so it will not become conductive for
the sperm. On the other hand, these chemical barriers cannot
prevent sexually transmitted infections.
 ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTIVES
• DIAPHRAGM

It is a circular, rubber disk that fits the cervix

and shoul be placed before coitus. Diaphragm
works by inhibiting the entrance of the sperm
into the female reproductive organ and it
works better when used together with a
spermicide. The diaphragm should be fitted
only by the physician, and shoul remin in place
for six hours after coitus.
ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTIVES
• CERVICAL CAP

The cervical cap is made of soft

rubber and fitted on the rim of the
cervix. It is shaped like a thimble
with a thin rim, and could stay in
place for not more than 48 hours.
ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTIVES
• MALE CONDOMS

The male condom is a latex or synthetic

rubber sheath that is placed on the erect
male reproductive organ before penetration
into the female reproductive organ to trap
the sperm during ejaculation. It can prevent
STIs and can be bought over-the-counter.
Male condoms have an ideal fail rate of 2%
and a typical fail rate of 15% due to a break in
the sheath’s integrity or spilling seme.
ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTIVES
• FEMALE CONDOMS
Female condoms are made up of latex
rubber sheaths that are pre-lubricated
with spermicide. They are usually bound
by two rings. The outer ring is first
inserted against the opening of the
female reproductive organ and the inner
ring covers the cervix. It is used to
prevent fertilization of the egg by the
sperm.
SURGICAL METHODS
• VASECTOMY

During vasectomy, a small incision is made

on each side of the scrotum. The vas
deferens is then tied, cauterized, cut, or
plugged to block the passage of the sperm.
The patient is advised to use a backup
contraceptive method until two negative
sperm count results are recorded because
the perm could remain viable in the vas
deferens for six months.
SURGICAL METHODS
• TUBAL LIGATION

In woman, tubal ligation is performed

after menstruation and before
ovulation. The procedure is done
through a small incision under the
woman’s umbilicus that targets the
fallopian tube for cutting, cauterizing,
or blocking to inhibit the passage of
both the sperm and the ova.
 QUIZ TIME
[Link] ages does puberty begin in both male and female?
• M: 11-12, F: 10-11
2-4 What are the three stages/categories of love?
• LUST, ATTRACTION, ATTACHMENT
5-8. What are the phases of human sexual response cycle?
• DESIRE PHASE, PLATEAU PHASE, ORGASM PHASE,
RESOLUTION PHASE
9. These are infections transmitted from an infected person to
uninfected person through sexual contact.
• STD- SEXUALLY TRASMITTED DISEASE
10. This is a natural contraceptive that has an ideally 0% fail rate.
• ABSTINENCE