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Genetic Cross Predictions and Ratios

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Iffah Nabiha
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11 views3 pages

Genetic Cross Predictions and Ratios

Uploaded by

Iffah Nabiha
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Genetic Problems 1:

1. The expressions of the dominant and recessive alleles for the gene
controlling several traits are described in the chart below along with the
letter symbols that represent each allele.

Trait Dominant Recessive


Seed coat color brown (B) white (b)
Seed coat shape round (R) wrinkled (r)
Pod color green (G) yellow (g)
Height of plant tall (T) short (t)

(i) Predict the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of a cross between


(a) a pea plant that is homozygous for brown seeds and a plant that has
white seeds.
(b) a heterozygous brown seed plant and a white seed plant.

(ii) Predict the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of the following crosses:

(a) Rr x RR
(b) Gg x GG
(c) Tt x Tt
(d) Rr x Rr
(e) A cross involving 2 heterozygous green plants.
(f) A cross between a homozygous green plant with a heterozygous green
plant.
(g) A cross between a homozygous tall plant with a short plant.
(h) A cross between a white seed plant with a heterozygous brown seed
plant.

Genetic Problems 2:

1. Predict the results of a cross between a heterozygous round, homozygous tall


plant and a homozygous round, short plant. (Tall dominant over short; round
dominant over wrinkled)

2. In mice, the ability to run normally is a dominant trait. Mice with this trait are
called running mice (R). The recessive trait causes mice to run in circles
only. Mice with this trait are called waltzing mice (r). Hair color is also
inherited in mice. Black hair (B) is dominant over brown hair (b). Predict the
phenotypic and genotypic ratios for the following crosses:

(a) A heterozygous running, heterozygous black mouse with a


homozygous running, homozygous black mouse.

(b) A homozygous running, homozygous black mouse with a heterozygous


running, brown mouse.

(c) A waltzing brown mouse with a waltzing brown mouse.

(d) A homozygous running, heterozygous black mouse with a waltzing


brown mouse.

(e) A heterozygous running, brown mouse with a heterozygous running,


homozygous black mouse.

(f) A heterozygous running, heterozygous black mouse with a


heterozygous running, heterozygous black mouse.

3. In the edible pea, tall (T) is dominant to short (t), and green pods (G) are
dominant to yellow pods (g). List the types of gamete, the phenotypic ratio,
and genotypic ratio for the following crosses.

(a) TtGg x TTGG

(b) TtGg x Ttgg


Genetics Problems 3:

1. In peas, the allele for tall plant height (T) is dominant over the allele for short
plant height (t). A tall plant (T_) was crossed with a short pea plant (tt). Of the
95 offspring that resulted, 55 were tall and 40 were short. Determine the
genotype of the tall parent plant.

2. A tall pea plant is crossed with a short pea plant. All 55 of the offspring are tall.
What is the genotype of the tall parent?

3. In squash, white fruit color is dominant to yellow fruit color. If a cross between a
white-fruited plant and a yellow-fruited plant yielded 43 white and 37 yellow
progeny, what is the white parent’s genotype?

4. A blond-haired man marries a brown-haired woman. They have four children all
of whom have brown hair. (a) What is the genotype of their mother? (b) If the
mother is heterozygous, what is the probability that the couple will have a blond
child?

(a) P: bb x B_
(Blonde man) (Brown woman)

(b) P: bb x Bb
(Blonde man) (Brown woman)

END

Common questions

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In a cross between a homozygous brown seed plant (BB) and a white seed plant (bb), all of the offspring will have the genotype Bb and a brown seed phenotype. The phenotypic ratio is 100% brown seeds, and the genotypic ratio is 100% Bb .

There is a 50% probability that their child will be blonde. Since the woman's genotype is heterozygous (Bb) and the man is homozygous recessive (bb), each child has a 1 in 2 chance of inheriting the recessive b allele from each parent, resulting in bb (blonde).

The genotype outcomes are 50% GG and 50% Gg, resulting in 100% green phenotype, since both genotypes express the dominant green trait .

In a cross between two TtGg pea plants, the phenotypic ratio is 9 tall and green : 3 tall and yellow : 3 short and green : 1 short and yellow, following the dihybrid cross ratio. The genotypic ratio would involve variations including TtGg, TtGG, TTGg, TTGG, etc. .

Offspring from this cross would all be running (100% R) since one parent is homozygous dominant for running. For hair color, the genotypic ratio would be 1 BB : 1 Bb, and the phenotypic ratio would be 100% black due to the dominant B allele .

If a tall pea plant crossed with a short plant results in 100% tall offspring, the genotype of the tall parent must be homozygous dominant (TT) because one parent having tt would only produce tall offspring if the other parent provides a dominant allele in all cases .

From this cross, the phenotypic ratio would be 9 running black : 3 running brown : 3 waltzing black : 1 waltzing brown, and the genotypic ratio would include variations like RRBB, RrBB, RrBb, etc., following a dihybrid cross pattern .

Offspring outcomes will be 100% running (Rr or RR) since one parent carries the dominant running trait. For fur color, the outcomes are 50% black (Bb) and 50% brown (bb), reflecting the genotypic ratio .

The genotype of the white-fruited parent is heterozygous (Ww). This is because a 1:1 phenotypic ratio indicates that one parent is heterozygous, allowing for both dominant (white) and recessive (yellow) phenotypes to arise .

The phenotypic ratio for green pod color in a Gg x Gg cross will be 3 green : 1 yellow, with genotypes segregating into 1 GG : 2 Gg : 1 gg, where green is dominant .

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