'$ n Strength of Materials
So one possibility is that the stress in timber at QR is 6 MN/m2 in that case the corresponding
stress in steel is hh = 90 MN/m2.
Since, ch = 5.5 cm and cd = 14.5 cm,
14.5
de 90 237.3 MN/m 2
5.5
Thus stress in top surface of equivalent steel section is much more than the maximum
permissible stress of 90 MN/m2. This possibility is ruled out.
The second alternative is that stress in the timber at PN is 6 MN/m2 and thus the stress de in
top surface of equivalent section is 90 MN/m2, stress in steel at QR, (from s cgh and cde).
de 90
gh ch 5.5 34.14 MN/m 2
cd 14.5
Stress in steel at LM is (from s. abc and cde)
de 90
ab bc 6.5 40.34 MN/m 2
cd 14.5
Moment of resistance,
I 1612.9 10 –8
M 90 90 (taking into account stress at NP and
y (0.21 – 0.065)
corresponding value of y)
= 0.01 MNm or 10 kNm (Ans.)
1612.9 10 –8
(or, 40.34 (taking into account stress at LM and corresponding value of y )
0.065
0.01 MNm or 10 kNm
5.6 BEAMS OF UNIFORM STRENGTH
Normally the beams which are called upon to carry the loads have the uniform section
throughout their length. But where they are loaded the bending moment varies from section to section
of beams along their length. The stresses which are in the extreme fibres of the beams above and
below the neutral axis also vary from section to section along their length. In this way all extreme
fibres which can be loaded upto maximum permissible stress (say max) are not loaded to their
capacity. Hence in beams of uniform section there is a considerable wastage of material. If a beam
is suitably designed so that every extreme fibre along its length is loaded to its maximum permissible
stress by varying the section, it is known as a beam of uniform strength.
If at every section the extreme fibre stress is equal to max then section modulus (Z) of the
beam at any section should be proportional to the bending moment at that section.
For getting the beams of uniform strength the sections of the beam may be varied by:
(i) Keeping the width constant throughout and varying the depth.
(ii) Keeping the depth constant throughout the length and varying the width.
(iii) By varying both, i.e. width and depth in a suitable manner.
(Circular beams of uniform strength can be made by varying diameter in such a way that
M/Z is constant.)
Examples of beams of uniform strength: Box girders, plate girders, latticed girders, carriage
springs, electric poles of varying diameters, etc.
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