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ENCOR 350-401 Module 3 Quiz Questions

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15 views8 pages

ENCOR 350-401 Module 3 Quiz Questions

Uploaded by

grivera_565843
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ENCOR v1.

1 (350-401) Video Training Series


Module 3 – Lesson 1 Quiz

Questions

1. What term is assigned to an untagged VLAN on an IEEE 802.1Q trunk?

A. Primary VLAN
B. Management VLAN
C. Secondary VLAN
D. Native VLAN

2. Switches SW1 and SW2 are directly connected with a Gigabit Ethernet connection. Which
of the following Dynamic Trunk Protocol (DTP) mode combinations will FAIL to bring up a
trunk between the switches?

A. SW1: Dynamic Desirable – SW2: Dynamic Auto


B. SW1: Trunk – SW2: Dynamic Auto
C. SW1: Dynamic Auto – SW2: Dynamic Auto
D. SW1: Trunk – SW2: Dynamic Desirable

3. Switches SW1 and SW2 are directly connected with a Gigabit Ethernet connection. Which
of the following Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP) mode combinations will successfully
bring up an EtherChannel between the switches?

A. SW1: Auto – SW2: Auto


B. SW1: On – SW2: Desirable
C. SW1: On – SW2: Auto
D. SW1: Auto – SW2: Desirable

4. An EtherChannel’s load-balancing algorithm is to set “dst-mac,” and the EtherChannel


contains eight ports. What information determines the specific link in an EtherChannel
used to send a specific packet?

A. The last 2 bits of the destination MAC address


B. The last 3 bits of the destination MAC address
C. The last 4 bits of the destination MAC address
D. The last 8 bits of the destination MAC address

© 2023 Kevin Wallace Training, LLC


5. Which Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) variant allows different collections of VLANs to share
different Spanning Tree instances, resulting in an optimal Spanning Tree topology for each
VLAN without the overhead of having a Spanning Tree instance for each VLAN?

A. CST
B. PVST+
C. MSTP
D. Rapid PVST+

6. When configuring MSTP, what Spanning Tree instance is used by any VLANs not explicitly
assigned an instance?

A. Those VLANs will not participate in STP.


B. MST0
C. MST1
D. Those VLANs will share the instance assigned to the Native VLAN.

7. Which if the following is NOT a Rapid PVST+ port state?

A. Discarding
B. Listening
C. Learning
D. Forwarding

8. Which of the following features creates a Rapid PVST+ Edge Port?

A. PortFast
B. UplinkFast
C. BackboneFast
D. BPDUGuard

© 2023 Kevin Wallace Training, LLC


9. What will a Cisco Catalyst switch in VTP Transparent mode do when it receives a VTP
advertisement?

A. The switch will flood the advertisement out all other trunk links, other than the trunk it
was received on.
B. The switch will drop the advertisement.
C. The switch will send a VTP Reject message back to the sending switch.
D. The switch will update its VLAN database, based on the advertisement, but the
advertisement will not be forwarded.

10. What parameter exchanged in VTP advertisements determines how authoritative a VTP
update is?

A. Configuration Register
B. Metric
C. Distance
D. Configuration Revision Number

11. Identify the STP protection feature that causes a port to go into a Root Inconsistent state if
it receives a superior BPDU.

A. PortFast
B. BPDU Guard
C. UplinkFast
D. Root Guard

© 2023 Kevin Wallace Training, LLC


Questions and Answers

1. What term is assigned to an untagged VLAN on an IEEE 802.1Q trunk?

A. Primary VLAN
B. Management VLAN
C. Secondary VLAN
D. Native VLAN

Answer: D
Explanation: VLANs on an IEEE 802.1Q trunk have four Tag Bytes added to each of their frames.
One purpose of these Tag Bytes is to identify the VLAN membership of the frames. However,
one VLAN, called the Native VLAN, is not tagged. As a result, neighboring switches should agree
on the Native VLAN being used on a trunk that is interconnecting to those switches.

Video Reference: Review of IEEE 802.1Q Trunking

2. Switches SW1 and SW2 are directly connected with a Gigabit Ethernet connection. Which
of the following Dynamic Trunk Protocol (DTP) mode combinations will FAIL to bring up a
trunk between the switches?

A. SW1: Dynamic Desirable – SW2: Dynamic Auto


B. SW1: Trunk – SW2: Dynamic Auto
C. SW1: Dynamic Auto – SW2: Dynamic Auto
D. SW1: Trunk – SW2: Dynamic Desirable

Answer: C
Explanation: DTP modes of Trunk and Dynamic Desirable both initiate the formation of a trunk
by sending DTP frames. The mode of Dynamic Auto will setup a trunk if it receives a DTP frame,
but it doesn’t initiate trunk formation. Also, Access mode prevents a trunk from being formed.
As a result, the only two mode combinations that would fail to bring up a trunk are: (1) one side
set to Access (regardless of the other side’s mode) and (2) both sides set to Dynamic Auto.

Video Reference: Troubleshooting 802.1Q Trunks

3. Switches SW1 and SW2 are directly connected with a Gigabit Ethernet connection. Which
of the following Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP) mode combinations will successfully
bring up an EtherChannel between the switches?

A. SW1: Auto – SW2: Auto


B. SW1: On – SW2: Desirable
C. SW1: On – SW2: Auto
D. SW1: Auto – SW2: Desirable

© 2023 Kevin Wallace Training, LLC


Answer: D
Explanation: A mode of On isn’t technically a PAgP or LACP mode. It simply tells the port(s) to
be in an EtherChannel, without sending or processing any PAgP or LACP frames. Therefore, if
one side is set to On, the other side must also be set to On in order for an EtherChannel to be
brought up. The mode of Auto will cause a port to bring join an EtherChannel if it receives PAgP
frames from the far end. However, the Auto mode does not initiate the joining of an
EtherChannel. As a result, other than both sides being set to the On mode, only two
combinations of PAgP settings will cause an EtherChannel to be brought up: (1) both sides set
to Desirable or (2) one side set to Desirable and the other side set to Auto.

Video Reference: Review of EtherChannel Operation

4. An EtherChannel’s load-balancing algorithm is to set “dst-mac,” and the EtherChannel


contains eight ports. What information determines the specific link in an EtherChannel
used to send a specific packet?

A. The last 2 bits of the destination MAC address


B. The last 3 bits of the destination MAC address
C. The last 4 bits of the destination MAC address
D. The last 8 bits of the destination MAC address

Answer: B
Explanation: The “dst-mac” load-balancing algorithm uses a packet’s destination MAC address
to select the physical connection in an EtherChannel bundle that is used to send a packet. The
number of bits in the destination MAC address used to make the path selection decision is
determined by the number of links in the EtherChannel. If there were only two links, the last bit
in the destination MAC address would be used, because a single bit could represent two values
(i.e. 0 or 1). Similarly, the last two bits in a destination MAC address would be used if the
EtherChannel had four physical links (because two bits can be arranged in four different ways),
and the last three bits in a destination MAC address would be used if the EtherChannel had
eight physical links.

Video Reference: Troubleshooting EtherChannels

5. Which Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) variant allows different collections of VLANs to share
different Spanning Tree instances, resulting in an optimal Spanning Tree topology for each
VLAN without the overhead of having a Spanning Tree instance for each VLAN?

A. CST
B. PVST+
C. MSTP
D. Rapid PVST+

Answer: C

© 2023 Kevin Wallace Training, LLC


Explanation: Common Spanning Tree (CST) uses a single Spanning Tree topology for all VLANs,
which could result a suboptimal tree for some VLANs. Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Protocol Plus
(PVST+) and Rapid PVST+ give each VLAN its own Spanning Tree instance. While this results in
each VLAN having an optimal tree, it can require a switch to maintain many Spanning Tree
instances. Multiple Spanning Trees Protocol (MSTP), which is sometimes written as MST,
recognizes that a specific Spanning Tree instance might be optimal for multiple VLANs.
Therefore, rather than having each of those VLANs run their own identical instances of
Spanning Tree, a single instance can be created. That instance is then joined by all VLANs whose
optimal spanning tree is defined by that instance.

Video Reference: Multiple Spanning Tree (MST) Theory

6. When configuring MSTP, what Spanning Tree instance is used by any VLANs not explicitly
assigned an instance?

A. Those VLANs will not participate in STP.


B. MST0
C. MST1
D. Those VLANs will share the instance assigned to the Native VLAN.

Answer: B
Explanation: In addition to the instances you define in an MSTP configuration, a default
instance of MST0 is created. All VLANs not explicitly assigned an MSTP instance are assigned to
that MST0 instance.

Video Reference: MST Configuration

7. Which if the following is NOT a Rapid PVST+ port state?

A. Discarding
B. Listening
C. Learning
D. Forwarding

Answer: B
Explanation: Traditional Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) has the following port states: (1) Blocking,
(2) Listening, (3) Learning, and (4) Forwarding. However, Rapid PVST+ uses these port states: (1)
Discarding, (2) Learning, and (3) Forwarding.

Video Reference: Review of Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)

8. Which of the following features creates a Rapid PVST+ Edge Port?

A. PortFast

© 2023 Kevin Wallace Training, LLC


B. UplinkFast
C. BackboneFast
D. BPDUGuard

Answer: A
Explanation: The PortFast feature causes a switch port to go active when an end station is
connected, without waiting through any STP delays. In Rapid PVST+ terminology, a Point-to-
Point interface (i.e. a full duplex switch port) enabled with the PortFast feature is called an Edge
Port.

Video Reference: RSTP Configuration

9. What will a Cisco Catalyst switch in VTP Transparent mode do when it receives a VTP
advertisement?

A. The switch will flood the advertisement out all other trunk links, other than the trunk it
was received on.
B. The switch will drop the advertisement.
C. The switch will send a VTP Reject message back to the sending switch.
D. The switch will update its VLAN database, based on the advertisement, but the
advertisement will not be forwarded.

Answer: A
Explanation: When a switch in VTP Transparent mode receives a VTP update, it will not update
its VLAN database. However, it will flood the advertisement out all other trunk links, other than
the trunk it was received on.

Video Reference: VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) Theory

10. What parameter exchanged in VTP advertisements determines how authoritative a VTP
update is?

A. Configuration Register
B. Metric
C. Distance
D. Configuration Revision Number

Answer: D
Explanation: A switch configured for VTP uses the Configuration Revision Number of a VTP
advertisement to determine whether or not a received VTP advertisement is more authoritative
than the switch’s local VLAN database.

Video Reference: VTP Configuration

© 2023 Kevin Wallace Training, LLC


11. Identify the STP protection feature that causes a port to go into a Root Inconsistent state if
it receives a superior BPDU.

A. PortFast
B. BPDU Guard
C. UplinkFast
D. Root Guard

Answer: D
Explanation: PortFast is a Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) feature that causes a previously empty
port to bypass the Listening and Learning states of STP when a device is attached, causing the
port to immediately transition into the Forwarding state. This feature is often appropriate on
client-facing ports.

The BPDU Guard feature is often enabled on a port already configured for PortFast. If that port
receives a Bridge Protocol Data Unit (BPDU) then it transitions into an Error Disabled
(specifically, “err-disabled”) state.

The UplinkFast feature is a legacy Cisco enhancement to STP. Specifically, the UplinkFast
feature sped up STP convergence, in some cases, when there was an STP topology change.

The Root Guard feature can be enabled on a port that should never become a switch’s Root
Port. If a superior BPDU (i.e., a BPDU advertising a lower Bridge ID (BID) that the Root Bridge) is
seen off a port enabled for Root Guard, that port transitions into a Root Inconsistent state. This
can help prevent an attacker from introducing a switch to a network and causing their rogue
switch to be elected as a Root Bridge.

Video Reference: Root Guard

© 2023 Kevin Wallace Training, LLC

Common questions

Powered by AI

The Discarding state in Rapid PVST+ is crucial as it aggregates the roles of both the Listening and Blocking states from traditional STP. The Discarding state prevents frame forwarding and processes BPDUs without involving the extra delays associated with frame processing and path calculations like the Listening state in STP, thereby streamlining the convergence process .

The Root Guard feature enhances network stability by preventing a designated port from becoming a root port if it receives superior BPDUs. Instead, such a port is transitioned into a Root Inconsistent state, effectively blocking any potential topology changes of becoming a root port due to rogue switches advertising a lower bridge priority. This protection mechanism ensures that the network's root topology remains intact and safeguarded against unauthorized switches attempting to alter the STP domain .

The term assigned to an untagged VLAN on an IEEE 802.1Q trunk is the 'Native VLAN.' It is important for neighboring switches to agree on this VLAN because it ensures that untagged frames are consistently processed across network devices. Untagged frames that arrive on a trunk link are assumed to belong to the native VLAN, so agreement between switches prevents potential communication errors .

MSTP offers significant benefits over other STP variants like CST and PVST+. While CST uses a single Spanning Tree for all VLANs, which may not be optimal for all VLAN configurations, PVST+ creates individual Spanning Trees for each VLAN, increasing configuration complexity and overhead. MSTP balances these approaches by allowing multiple VLANs to share a single Spanning Tree instance when they have similar network topologies, reducing resource consumption and improving efficiency without compromising on optimal path selection for traffic .

In the context of MSTP, MST0 is the default instance where VLANs that are not explicitly assigned to a specific MSTP instance are grouped. This instance provides basic root bridge functions and maintains topology consistency for these VLANs, ensuring that all traffic, regardless of explicit configuration, participates in a structured spanning tree protocol .

A combination of both switches set to 'Dynamic Auto' mode in DTP might fail to establish a trunk connection because 'Dynamic Auto' only responds to DTP frames but does not initiate them. Since neither switch is configured to actively send DTP packets to initiate trunk formation, no trunk negotiation occurs, leading to the failure of trunk establishment .

The Configuration Revision Number in VTP serves as a comparison metric that helps determine the authoritativeness of VTP advertisements. By comparing revision numbers, switches can identify whether a received VTP advertisement reflects a more current VLAN configuration than their own. This mechanism ensures that the most up-to-date VLAN database is consistently maintained across interconnected VLAN switches, thereby preventing outdated configuration propagation .

EtherChannel PAgP mode settings have crucial implications for channel formation. For channels to form, either both ends must be set to 'Desirable,' or one end 'Desirable' and the other 'Auto.' The 'Auto' mode responds to PAgP join requests but doesn't initiate them. This affects channel formation because if both ends are 'Auto,' no channel is formed as neither end starts the negotiation. Proper mode settings ensure successful aggregation of links and prevent connectivity issues .

When an EtherChannel's load-balancing algorithm is set to 'dst-mac,' it uses the destination MAC address to determine which specific link in the EtherChannel is used for transmitting a packet. In an EtherChannel with eight links, the last 3 bits of the destination MAC address are used because they allow for selection among up to eight links (2^3 = 8 possible values).

The PortFast feature allows Rapid PVST+ to immediately transition ports to the Forwarding state upon connection of end devices, bypassing standard STP states such as Listening and Learning. This creates Edge Ports, which optimizes network performance by reducing the convergence time experienced during regular port activation, effectively minimizing downtime and improving connectivity for end-user devices .

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