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DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

SUBJECT : BA5028 – PROJECT MANAGEMENT

SEM / YEAR : III Semester / II Year
UNIT – I – INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT MANAGEMENT

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SYLLABUS: Project Management – Definition –Goal - Lifecycles. Project Selection Methods. Project

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Portfolio Process – Project Formulation. Project Manager – Roles- Responsibilities and Selection –
Project Teams.
PART- A
BT
[Link] QUESTIONS COMPETENCE
LEVEL

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What is Project Management?

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1. Level 1 Remembering

2. Outline the various phases in Project Management Level 2 Understanding

3. Write down the goals of Project Management? Level 3 Applying

4.
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Can you outline the constraints in Project Management? Level 4 Analysing

5. Identify the various roles of Project Manager Level 5 Evaluating

In your opinion what are the challenges for a Project
6. Manager ? Level 6 Creating
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7. What is meant by Project Life Cycle ? Level 1 Remembering

8. List the various stages in a Project Life Cycle. Level 2 Understanding

9. Describe Project Formulation Level 3 Applying

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10. Identify the crucial steps in Project Implementation Phase Level 4 Analysing

11. How are projects different from other business ventures? Level 5 Evaluating
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12. Write short note on Sensitivity Analysis. Level 6 Creating

13. What are the objectives Project Planning and Design? Level 1 Remembering
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14. How would you select a Project Manager? Level 2 Understanding

15. What is Project Team? Level 3 Applying

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16. Define Portfolio Process. Level 4 Analysing

17. Outline the responsibilities for Project Teams Level 1 Remembering

18. What are the advantages of Project Portfolio? Level 2 Understanding

19. Explain the need for Project Control Level 3 Applying

20. Differentiate between Project and Operations Management Level 4 Analysing

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PART- B

[Link] QUESTIONS BT LEVEL COMPETENCE

1. i)Write a detailed note Project Management. (5 Marks) Level 1 Remembering

ii)State the importance of Project Management. (8 Marks) Level 1 Remembering

2. Discuss the technical and socio- cultural dimensions of the Level 2 Applying

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project management process.

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i) Discuss the role of Project Manager (5 Marks)
3. ii)Discuss the skills required for a Project Manager Level 3 Applying
(8 Marks)

4. Discuss the various selection methods used in the projects Level 4 Analysing

.
suitable example

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Project Management role has increased in
5. stature and influence in many organizations. Level 5 Evaluating
Why?

6. Write a detailed note on the various steps involved in Level 1 Remembering

Project Formulation
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7. Give a detailed outline on the role of Project Teams Level 2 Understanding

i) Discuss as to what constraints do you see in Project Level 3 Applying

Management. (5 Marks)
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8. ii)Elucidate how the constraints in Project Management

would affect the success of a Project. (8 Marks) Level 3 Applying

9. Explain the need for Project Control. Level 4 Analysing

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10. Elaborate on the various roles, responsibilities and selection Level 1 Remembering
of a project manager.
11. Elaborately discuss the phases of project management life Level 2 Understanding
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cycle.
i) Discuss the objectives of Project Portfolio Process.
(5 Marks)
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12. Level 3 Applying

ii) Discuss the functions of Project Portfolio Process.
(8 Marks)
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13. Analysing
Explain in detail the project selection methods used today. Level 4
i)How should a Project Manager be selected?
(5 Marks)
14.
ii)How will this affect the success of the Project? (8 Marks)
Level 5 Creating

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PART - C
[Link] QUESTIONS

1. Based on your understanding suggest the preliminary considerations to be used in the

initial screening of projects.

2. Lakshya Consulting is a established marking research firm primarily focused on

automobile industry. In a recent convention, the CEO Mr. Pramod has won a proposal
from a Swedish Automobile manufacturer to do a preliminary study on entering Indian

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market for their consumer car segment. The CEO is setting up a new team of handle this

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project. What suggestions would you like to share with Mr. Pramod in selecting a project
team and a project manager for this new project?

3. What are the various avenues for pursuing project ideas?

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4. What are the points consider for good project design management?

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UNIT – II – INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT MANAGEMENT
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SYLLABUS: The Planning Process – Work Break down Structure – Role of Multidisciplinary teams.
Budget the Project – Methods. Cost Estimating and Improvement. Budget uncertainty and risk
management
PART- A
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BT
[Link] QUESTIONS COMPETENCE
LEVEL
1. What is Project Planning? Level 1 Remembering

2. What are the steps involved in Project Planning? Level 2 Understanding

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3. List the factors affecting Project Plan. Level 3 Applying

4. Can you explain Conceptual Plan? Level 4 Analysing

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5. List the various types of Plans Level 5 Evaluating

6. What is a Plan Document? Level 6 Creating

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Why is work breakdown structure needed in Level 1

7. projects? Remembering

8. List the various stages involved in Planning Process. Level 2 Understanding

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9. What is Multidisciplinary Team? Level 3 Applying

10. How would you explain Cost Estimate? Level 4 Analysing

11. Explain Budget Uncertainty? Level 5 Evaluating

12. List the steps in preparing your project budget Level 6 Creating

13. What is project risk? Level 1 Remembering

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Differentiate between a Plan Document and Level 2
14. Statement of Work. Understanding

15. Explain Risk Management Level 3 Applying

16. State the objectives of Cost Estimations Level 4 Analysing

17. What is project cost management? Level 5 Remembering

18. What are the risks associated with project planning? Level 6 Creating
What is meant by Uncertainty? List the ways of Level 1
19. Remembering
managing uncertainty.

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20. Define Chaos Level 2 Understanding

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PART- B

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[Link] QUESTIONS BT LEVEL COMPETENCE

1. Explain the steps involved in project planning. Level 1 Remembering

Explain the concept of Work Breakdown Structure and
2. the process involved in it. Level 2 Understanding
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i) What is meant by Multidisciplinary Team? (5 Marks)
3. ii) Elaborate the role of Multidisciplinary Team in Project Level 3 Applying
Planning Process. (8 Marks)
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Explain the concept of Budget Uncertainty and the

4 various measures in managing Uncertainty in Level 4 Analysing
Projects
Evaluating
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5 What are the Golden Rules in Project Risk Management? Level 5

6 List out and explain the components of capital cost. Level 6 Creating
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i) Briefly explain Project Budget and its importance.

Level 1 Remembering
(5 Marks)
ii) Explain the steps involved in framing a Project Budget.
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7.
Level 1 Remembering
(8 Marks)
Compile the objectives of Cost Estimation and
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8. Level 2 Understanding
Improvement.
i)Describe the concept of Risk Mitigation. (7 Marks)
Level 3 Applying
9.
ii)Outline the benefits of Risk Management Plan. (6 Marks)

Explain the stages of Project Planning. What are the Level 4 Analysing
different tools of project planning?
10.

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i) Explain the Concept of Risk Management Framework. Evaluating
Level 5
11. (7 Marks)
ii)Discuss the various Process groups in Risk Management
(6 Marks)
i)Discuss as to how a Work Breakdown structure helps in
Project planning. (9 Marks) Level 6 Creating
12. ii)State the important considerations in drafting a WBS.
(4 Marks)
Level 1
Explain the steps involved in creating a project budget.

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13. Remembering
What are the uncertainties associated with budget ?

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Level 2 Understanding
What are the Tools and Techniques used in managing
14. the projects? Explain in detail.

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PART - C

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[Link] QUESTIONS
You have been asked to launch a relief operations for earth quake victims. Outline the steps
you will take to execute the work. Give the work breakdown structure , the kind of team you
1
will assemble, the uncertainty and risks you are likely to face, how you will control the
project and how you will manage the conflict during the efforts.
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Draft a Work Break Down Structure with a detailed explanation of project milestones for
2. a Construction Project.

You have been asked to launch a clean the city campaign under swatch Bharat initiative.
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Outline the steps you will take to execute the work. Give the work breakdown structure
3.
,the kind of team you will assemble, the uncertainty and risks you are likely to face, how
you will control the project and how you will manage the conflict during the efforts.
Explain the significance of risk analysis in drafting a Project Plan.
4.
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UNIT – III – SCHEDULING & RESOURCE ALLOCATION PERT & CPM

SYLLABUS: PERT & CPM Networks - Crashing – Project Uncertainty and Risk Management –
Simulation – Gantt Charts – Expediting a project- Resource loading and leveling, Allocating scarce
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resources – Goldratt’s Critical Chain

PART- A
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BT
[Link] QUESTIONS COMPETENCE
LEVEL
What is meant by PERT? Level 1 Remembering
1.
What is meant by CPM? Level 2 Understanding
2.
Distinguish between PERT and CPM. Level 3 Applying
3.
What is meant by resources scheduling? Level 4 Analysing
4.

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Explain the term Scheduling Level 5 Evaluating
5.
Differentiate between Resource Loading and Level 6 Creating
6. Resource leveling
What is meant by Project Simulation? Level 1 Remembering
7.

How would you explain Critical Chain? Level 2 Understanding

8.

Define crashing. Level 3 Applying

9.
How does Project Uncertainty affect project Level 4 Analysing
10.

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completion?
Evaluating

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11. Outline the concept of Gantt Charts Level 5

How does expediting help in Project Completion? Level 6 Creating

12.
What are the challenges in Resource loading and Level 1 Remembering
13. leveling?

.
How does resources leveling affect the critical path? Level 2 Understanding
14.

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15. How do you allocate Scare Resources? Level 3 Applying

What are the objectives of Goldratt’s Critical Chain? Analysing

16.
Level 4
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How Simulation help in Project Management? Remembering
17.
Level 5
Explain Linear Programming Level 6 Creating
18.
Why is Field Expediting required? Level 1 Remembering
19.
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What are the differences between Linear and Parallel Understanding

20. Activities? Level 2

PART- B
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[Link] QUESTIONS BT LEVEL COMPETENCE

Remembering
1. i)What is the PERT? (4 Marks) Level 1
ii) Explain the steps in framing a PERT Network?
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(9 Marks)

2. i) How would you compute a Critical Path? (7 Marks) Level 2

Understanding
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ii) Discuss with suitable example, how would CPM help

in project completion? (6 Marks)
Applying
3. Explain the concept of Project Uncertainty with a detailed Level 3
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note.
Level4 Analysing
4. Elucidate the benefits and objectives of Project Simulation.
Evaluating
5. Give a detailed analysis on Project Expediting and its Level 5
implications
Creating
6. Enumerate the steps involved in allocation of Scare Level 6
Resources.

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Remembering
7. How would you handle Resource Loading and Resource Level 1
Leveling? Explain the steps of resource leveling algorithm.
Understanding
8. Explain the different methods used in Project Level 2
Scheduling. Elaborate any one method in detail.

9. i) Discuss the concept of Goldratt's Critical Chain. Level 3 Applying

(5 Marks)
ii) Discuss Goldratt's Critical Chain in allotment of

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resources in a project. (8 Marks) Level 3
Applying

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Analysing
10. Explain the principles of Goldratt’s Critical Chain Project Level 4
Management and the three buffers suggested by him.
Write a detailed note on the importance of Project Evaluating

.
11. Level 5
Scheduling and Resource Allocation.

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Creating
12. Discuss the procedure of CPM Analysis with the help of a Level6
simple example

13. i)What is the use of crashing in project management? Level 1

Remembering
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(7 Marks)
ii)What are the implications of project crashing? (6 Marks)
Understanding
14. Explain the use of GANTT Chart in projects with an Level 2
example. How does crashing help in project completion ?
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PART - C
[Link] QUESTIONS
1. A project schedule has the following charaterististics:
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Activity: 1-2 1-3 2-4 3-4 3-5 4-9 5-6 5-7 6-8 7-8 8-10 9-10
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Duration: 4 1 1 1 6 5 4 8 1 2 5 7
a. Compute the network
b. Compute E and L for each event and
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c. Find the critical path

2. The following time cost table applies to a project. Use it to arrive at the network associated
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with completing the project in minimum time at minimum cost.

Activity Normal Crash

Time Cost Time Cost

1-2 2 800 1 1400
1-3 5 1000 2 2000
1-4 5 1000 3 1800
2-4 1 500 1 500
2-5 5 1500 3 2100
3-4 4 2000 3 3000

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3-5 6 1200 4 1600
4-5 3 900 2 1600

3. The following table gives data on normal time and cost, crash time and cost for a project.
I. Draw the network and identify the critical path.
II. What is the normal project duration and associated cost?
III. Find out Total Float for each activity.
IV. Crash the relevant activities systematically and determine the optimum
project time and cost.

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Activity Normal Crash

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Time Cost Time Cost
(Week) (Rs.) (Week) (Rs.)
1-2 3 300 2 400
2-3 3 30 3 30
2-4 7 420 5 580

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2-5 9 720 7 810
3-5 5 250 4 300

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4-5 0 0 0 0
5-6 6 320 4 410
6-7 4 400 3 470
6-8 13 780 10 900
7-8 10 1000 9 1200
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4220
Indirect Costs are Rs.50 per Week

4. Consider the data and draw the Gantt-Chart for scheduling the critical and non –critical
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activities.

[Link] Activity Immediate Predecessor Durations in months

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1 A - 6
2 B - `10
3 C - 11
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4 D - 9
5 E B 5
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6 F E 8
7 G C 12
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8 H A,F 8
9 I E 7
10 J D,G 4

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UNIT – IV – CONTROL AND COMPLETION
SYLLABUS: The Plan-Monitor-Control cycle – Data Collecting and reporting – Project Control –
Designing the control system. Project Evaluation, Auditing and Termination
PART- A
BT
[Link] QUESTIONS COMPETENCE
LEVEL
1. Level 1 Remembering
What is meant by P-M-C Cycle?
Level 2 Understanding

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2. List the objectives of Data Collection.
Applying

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3. Explain Data Reporting. Level 3

4. Level 4 Analysing
What is project control cycle?

5. Level 5 Evaluating
What is meant by Project Evaluation?

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6. Level 6 Creating
State the importance of project auditing.

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7. Level 1 Remembering
What is meant by Project Termination?

8. Understanding
Differentiate between Project Evaluation and Project Level 2
Control.
9.
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What is meant by Control System?

10. Analysing
Differentiate between Primary Data and Secondary Level 4
Data.
11. Level 5 Evaluating
Can you list the advantages of Project Audit?
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12. Level 6 Creating

Evaluate the limitations of Project Control.

13. Level 1 Remembering

Why do Organizations terminate a Project?
Understanding
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14. How would you explain Net Present Value? Level 2

15. Can you elaborate the various methods of Project Level 3 Applying
Termination?
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16. What are the critical factors for Project Success?

Level 4 Analysing
Level 5 Remembering
17. Why is Project Evaluation important?
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Level 6 Creating
18. Specify two problems faced during audits of projects.
Level 1 Remembering
19. What could be the common reasons for Project
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Termination?
Level 2 Understanding
20. What would happen if Project Evaluation fails?

PART- B

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[Link] QUESTIONS BT LEVEL COMPETENCE

1. Describe the plan monitor control cycle used in projects. Level 1 Remembering
Level 2 Applying
2. i) What is the need for Project Control? (5 Marks)
ii) Discuss the considerations in framing a control plan.
(8 Marks)
What are the costs associated with the projects? How Analysing
3. Level 3
they are controlled?
4. i) Explain Project Auditing. (5 Marks) Level 4 Remembering

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ii)Discuss the process involved in Project Audits. Level 4 Remembering
(8 Marks)

5. i) How would you differentiate Project Audit and Project Level 5 Understanding
Termination? (5 Marks)

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ii) Discuss the various methods of Project Termination.
(8 Marks)
Creating
6. Evaluate the various approaches to Data Collection. Level 6
Remembering
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i)Explain the various methods of Project Auditing?
7.
Level 1
(7 Marks)
ii)Discuss the various types of Project Audit. (6 Marks)
Level 2 Understanding
How does Organization benefit from Project Evaluation?
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8.
Explain
9. Level 3 Applying
Explain the various effective control system available for
project control.
10. Level 4 Analysing
Explain the Project Control Framework
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11. Level 5 Evaluating

State and explain the reasons for common project failures.
Level 6 Creating
i)Explain the steps involved in project evaluation.
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(7 Marks)

ii)Discuss the difficulties involved in evaluating a project

(6 Marks)
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Explain the steps followed during audits of projects. Level 1 Remembering

13.
Level 2 Applying
14. Explain the tools and techniques available for Project
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Evaluation

PART - C
[Link] QUESTIONS

1. Supreme Engineering Limited was engaged in light engineering manufacturing both

customized products as well as standardized products. It had a workforce of 5000 personnel
of different categories. Each major function was headed by chief manager concerned. The

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human resource functions were directly under the control of chief manager - personnel.
The company has undertaken human resource planning in an integrated way with a view
to provide the right number of employees with the right talents and skills at the right time
to perform activities. For manning various positions in engineering, the company adopted
the policy to recruit directly at two BTLs engineering graduates as engineer trainees and
engineering diploma holders as chief draftsmen / junior engineers. The engineer trainees
used to be absorbed as assistant engineers after one year of training. The company also
adopted the practice of filling half of the positions of assistant engineers from internal
promotes, generally from draftsmen / junior engineers. Generally, a junior engineer used

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to be promoted as assistant engineer after 4-5 years of service. In order to assess its man
power needs, the company used to consider the following factors:

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1) Corporate growth plan
2) Actual position sanctioned in a category
3) Actual number of persons available
4) Number of persons to be promoted to and from, that category

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5) Employee turnover and retirement

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6) Surplus of employees, if any
7) Any other special consideration
8) Details of previous recruitment and selection
The personnel department of the company used to compile the information from its four
manufacturing units as well as five zonal marketing offices. The compiled
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information was analyzed and actual number of vacancies to be filled by direct
recruitment was worked out. Thereafter, the recruitment process was initiated.
During 2006-07, an advertisement was inserted for twelve positions of engineer
trainees and applications were called for. The company called the applicants for
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interview at its corporate office. One day prior to the interview, one of the outside
interviewers paid a courtesy call to the chief manager – personnel. Before that he
did not see the relevant papers for the number of recruits. He found that the number
of vacancies was overestimated and the actual requirement was much lower. He felt
that if all the twelve positions were filled up, it would create discontentment among
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the existing staff as they would perceive reduced chances of their promotion. The
assistant personnel manager offered an explanation that the number of vacancies
had been worked out as follows. The chief manager – personnel did not feel
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convinced with the figures and pointed out that only eight engineers were recruited
last year.
1) Sanctioned posts40
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2) Actual employed34
3) To be promoted upward6
4) To be promoted from below10
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5) Expected turnover8
6) Actual requirement10
Questions
a. What were the reasons for such a situation in the company? (8 Marks)

(8Marks)
b. How effective was the human resource planning in the company?
(7 Marks)
(8Marks)

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2. LRI is an organization having the ability to design and orchestrate change for their clients.
Many clients of LRI achieved significant improvements in service BTLs, financial
performance and retention of key employees. When the organization began an engagement
in the year 2005 for a client it found mistrust of management, poor morale and lack of
organization goals in the client office. The head of the client organization told he wanted
three things. 1) to make managers to be effective in motivation 2) to improve morale and
reduce the exodus of key employees and 3) to improve performance in delivering the

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services. LRI’s consulting team, which consisted of four people for this engagement, saw

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this is an opportunity to apply the model of change at three BTLs.
9) Strategically helping it to develop a long-range plan and related performance
measures.
10) At the individual BTL helping its managers become more effective leaders and
11) At the process BTL helping the organization to increase the effectiveness of

.
efficiency.
LRI’s model of change says there are five key factors of success.

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1) a vision for the future combined with a clear, compelling rationale for making the
change.
2) champions at the top that is willing to commit time and energy to the process.
3) resources to hire people to guide the process and provide expertise
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4) engagement of staff and stake holders to build support and
5) good communication throughout to keep people informed, manage
expectations and clarify roles and responsibilities.
The head of the client organization occupied a position that was political and thus
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subject to election cycles and committed to long term nature of work.

LRI used six rings model guided the director of the client organization plus six person
leadership team. LRI focused on strategic issues like what is your vision? What is
your purpose? and what outcome you want to achieve? The client organization
Director said the vision was to make organization more business effective and
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reducing turnover of key employees. LRI prepared a roadmap and started to focus
on the managers. Fifteen managers got leadership coaching and series of leadership
workshops conducted. In 2006, straight talk workshops conducted to make them
productive in communication. The managers learned how to manage difficult
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conversation. A third workshop ‘The leader as coach’ provided more opportunity

for interactive learning. People learned on one-on-one communication. The final
workshop focused on the five habits of highly effective teams. Participants learned
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the five rings of the team effectiveness. Then LRI engaged all managers and
employees in the process. Several months after completion of this work , the client
organization director called, LRIs president, Eric Douglas, “I have great news”, “we
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have been named one of the best organizations in the united states to work”. Thank
you for all you did.

Questions
i) What was the condition existed in the client organization and what it looked
for? (8 Marks)

(8Marks)

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ii) Is LRI succeeded in change management? If so what steps it adopted in
sequence? (7 Marks)

(8Marks)

3. Dorale Products was undergoing favorable growing pains. Business was good. New
product development was viewed as the driving force for the company’s future growth.
The company was now spending significantly more money for new product development,
yet the number of new products reaching the market place was significantly less than in

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prior years. Also, some of the products reaching the market place were taking longer than
expected to recover their R&D costs, while others became obsolete too quickly.

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Management recognized that some sort of structured decision-making process had to be
put in place whereby management could either cancel a project early before massive
resources were committed or redirect efforts to different objectives. David Mathews was
assigned as the project manager in charge of developing a new product development

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(project management) methodology for Dorale Products. David understood the benefits of

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a project management methodology, especially as a structured decision-making process. It
would serve as a template or a repetitive process such that project success could be incurred
over and over again. The methodology would contain sections for project scope definition,
planning, scheduling, and monitoring and control. There would also be a section on the
role of the project manager, line managers, and executive sponsors. To make the project
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management methodology easy to use and adaptable to all projects, the methodology
would be constructed using forms, guidelines, templates, and checklists rather than the
more rigid policies and procedures. This would certainly lower the cost of using the
methodology and make it easier to adapt to a multitude of projects. The project managers
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could then decide whether to implement the methodology on an informal basis or on a more
formal basis. The first draft of the new methodology was completed and ready for review
by the vice president (VP) of operations who had been assigned as the project sponsor.
After a review of the methodology, a meeting was held between the sponsor and the project
manager (PM). VP: “I have read over the methodology. Is it your expectation that the
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methodology should be used on every project?” PM: “We could probably justify using the
methodology on every project. This would give us a really good structured decision-
making process.” VP: “Using the methodology is costly and perhaps not all projects should
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require the use of the methodology. I can rationalize the use of the methodology on a Rs.
5,00,00,000 project. But what if the project is only Rs. 25,00,000 or Rs. 50,00,000? What
if the project is 30 days in length rather than our usual 6- to 12- month effort?” PM: “I
guess we need to define the threshold limits on when project management Should be used.”
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VP: “I have a concern that we should define not only when to use project management but
also what a project is. If an activity remains entirely in one functional area, is it still a
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project according to your definition? Should we also define a threshold limit on how many
functional departments must be involved before we define an activity as a project?” PM:
“I’ll go back to the drawing board and get back to you in a week or so.”
Questions:
1. What is a reasonable definition of a project? (4 Marks)

(4Marks)
2. Is every activity a project or should there be a minimum number of functional
boundaries that need to be crossed? If so, how many boundaries? (4 Marks)
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3. How do we determine when project management should be used and
when an activity can be handled effectively by one functional group
without the use of project management? (4 Marks)
[Link] the use of a formal project management methodology requires time and
money, what should be “reasonable” threshold limits for its use? (3 Marks)
4. Draft out a Project Evaluation Checklist for a ERP Implementation Project and
explain as to how it would be useful in meeting the project timelines.

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UNIT – V – PROJECT ORGANISATION & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT
SYLLABUS:
Formal Organisation Structure – Organisation Design – Types of project organizations. Conflict –
Origin & Consequences. Managing conflict – Team methods for resolving conflict.

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PART- A

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BT
[Link] QUESTIONS COMPETENCE
LEVEL
1. Why is organization structure important to projects? Level 1 Remembering
ee Understanding
2. How would you classify the various types of Level 2
Organization Structure?
3. List the objectives of Organization Design Level 3 Applying

4. Name any two conflicts that can arise in projects. Level 4 Analysing
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5. State the causes of conflict in Project Management. Level 5 Evaluating

6. How would you differentiate between formal and Level 6 Creating

Informal Organization Structure?
Remembering
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7. List out the drawbacks of matrix organization. Level 1

8. Explain the term "Departmentalization" Level 2 Understanding

Applying
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9. Outline the process of Organization Design Level 3

10. Distinguish between Organization Design and Analysing

Level 4
Organization Structure.
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11. Outline the Characteristics of a Matrix Organization. Level 5 Evaluating

12. How do you define a Hierarchical System? Level 6 Creating

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13. What is called as a Project Organization? Level 1 Remembering

14. What is meant by Conflict? Level 2 Understanding

15. How can organizations resolve Conflicts? Level 3 Applying

16. List the various type of Organization Structure.

Level 4 Analysing
Level 5 Remembering
17. What is meant by Divisional Organization?
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Level 6 Creating
18. Can you explain the Organization Design Process?
Level 1 Remembering
19. Explain Chain of Command.
Level 2 Understanding
20. What is meant by Project Organization Structure?

PART- B

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[Link] QUESTIONS BT LEVEL COMPETENCE

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1. Discuss the various types of project organizations in use Level 1 Remembering
today. Outline which type of organization , is applicable for
service industry.
i) Give an elaborate view on the various types of
2. Level 2 Understanding

.
Organization Structure. (7 Marks)

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ii) Suggest a suitable structure to be followed for an
Advertising Agency. (6 Marks)

3. i) Explain the concept of Organization Conflict. (7 Marks)

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ii) Explain the methods of resolving conflicts. (6 Marks) Level 3
Applying
Discuss the criteria required for organizational design Analysing
4 Level 4
decisions.
Evaluating
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5 Evaluate the Teams method of resolving conflicts Level 5

Creating
6 Layout a detailed process for framing an Organization Level 6
Structure?
7.
i)Enumerate the features and importance of Project Level 1 Remembering
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Organization (7 Marks)
ii) Explain as to how it differs from a divisional
organization. (6 Marks)
w

8. Describe the various conflict resolution approaches which

Level 2 Understanding
can be used in projects.
w

9. Level 3 Applying
Outline the merits and demerits of the Informal Organization.
w

10. i) Explain the prerequisites for an effective conflict

management program. (7 Marks)
Level 4 Analysing

ii) Explain as to how you would implement a conflict

management program. (6 Marks)

Level 5 Evaluating
11. What are types of project organizations? Explain

[Link]
 [Link]
Creating
12. i) Suggest the origin and consequences of Conflict.
(6 Marks) Level 6

ii)Describe the methods of resolving conflict. (7 Marks)

13. i) Explain the salient feature of a Project Organization.
(7 Marks)
Level 1 Remembering
ii) Describe the organization structure of a typical project
organization. (6 Marks)

t
ne
Level 2 Understanding
14. What are the different types of project team? Explain its
need and importance?

PART - C

.
[Link] QUESTIONS

pz
1. Mr. Bhat, Human Resource Manager of IVS Group of companies approached the CEO on
30th march, 2013 and apprised him of the absence of [Link] Vaidhya, Assistant
Accountant in the Corporate Finance Department, for the past one month and requested
him to approve the show-cause notice to be served to Mr. Ajay as per the Labour Laws in
force. The CEO told Mr. Bhat: "When Mr. Ajay has been absent for the last one month,
your duty is to go to Mr. Ajay’s house, find out the reason and solve the problem of Mr.
ee
Ajay, and not just to report the absence to me. Go immediately to Mr. Ajay’s house find
the reason and report it to me before 5.00 P.M. today." Mr. Bhat immediately left for Mr.
Ajay's house and learnt from Mr. Ajay 's Wife that Mr. Ajay has been in distress as he has
been trying to mobilize Rs.1,00,000 for the surgery of his sick wife in a reputed hospital in
Chennai. Mr. Bhat could meet Mr. Ajay around [Link] and both of them then met the CEO.
ad

Both of them apprised the CEO the reason for the absence and distress of Mr. Ajay. The
CEO immediately contacted the hospital and informed them that the company will pay
Rs.1,00,000 tomorrow i.e., 31st March 2013 and requested the doctor to conduct the
surgery for Ajay's wife tomorrow itself. The CEO ordered Mr. Bhat to arrange to issue
Cheque for Rs.1,00,00 0 in favour of the hospital and also pay Rs.10,000 in cash to
.p

[Link] to meet incidental expenses as a grant. Mr. Ajay as well as Mr. Bhat were
surprised at the decision of the CEO Mr. Ajay became emotional and touched the feet of
the CEO. The CEO told Mr. Bhat: "Problems of our employees are the company's
problems. We treat the employees as human being and members of the company's family."
w

This piece of news spread in the entire company within no time and the employees felt
highly secured. The productivity BTL increased by 100% in the next quarter itself and
sustained over the years to come.
w

Questions:-
a) Why did Mr. Bhat prefer to follow a legal approach to the problem? ( 4 Marks)
b) Why did the CEO provide Rs.1,10,000 as just a grant to [Link]? ( 4 Marks)
w

c) What would be the morale of employee's family members after this incident? ( 4 Marks)
d) Suggest a suitable title for the above said case and justify that title. ( 3 Marks)

2. Explain the different types of project organizational structure.

3. Discuss the various forms of conflict in a project group and describe the methods to manage it.

4. What are the Team methods for resolving conflict.

[Link]
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

MG6088
SOFTWARE PROJECT
MANAGEMENT

Question Bank

IV YEAR A & B / BATCH : 2015 -19

1
Vision of Institution
To build Jeppiaar Engineering College as an Institution of Academic Excellence in Technical
education and Management education and to become a World Class University.

Mission of Institution

M1 To excel in teaching and learning, research and innovation by promoting the

principles of scientific analysis and creative thinking

To participate in the production, development and dissemination of knowledge and

M2
interact with national and international communities

To equip students with values, ethics and life skills needed to enrich their lives and
M3
enable them to meaningfully contribute to the progress of society

M4 To prepare students for higher studies and lifelong learning, enrich them with the
practical and entrepreneurial skills necessary to excel as future professionals and
contribute to Nation’s economy

Program Outcomes (POs)

Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science,

PO1 engineering fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of
complex engineering problems.
Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze
PO2 complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first
principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering
problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified
PO3
needs with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the
cultural, societal, and environmental considerations
Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge
PO4 and research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation
of data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources,
PO5 and modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to
complex engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual
PO6 knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the
consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.

2
 Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional
PO7 engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the
knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.
Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and
PO8 responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice.

Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a

PO9
member or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities
with the engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to
PO10
comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective
presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding
of the engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work,
PO11
as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary
environments.
Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability
PO12 to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of
technological change.

Vision of Department
To emerge as a globally prominent department, developing ethical computer professionals,
innovators and entrepreneurs with academic excellence through quality education and research.

Mission of Department
To create computer professionals with an ability to identify and formulate the
M1
engineering problems and also to provide innovative solutions through effective
teaching learning process.

M2 To strengthen the core-competence in computer science and engineering and to create

an ability to interact effectively with industries.

M3 To produce engineers with good professional skills, ethical values and life skills for the
betterment of the society.

M4 To encourage students towards continuous and higher level learning on technological

advancements and provide a platform for employment and self-employment.

3
Program Educational Objectives (PEOs)

PEO1 To address the real time complex engineering problems using innovative approach
with strong core computing skills.

PEO2 To apply core-analytical knowledge and appropriate techniques and provide

solutions to real time challenges of national and global society

PEO3 Apply ethical knowledge for professional excellence and leadership for the
betterment of the society.

PEO4 Develop life-long learning skills needed for better employment and
entrepreneurship

Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs)

Students will be able to

An ability to understand the core concepts of computer science and engineering and to
PSO1 enrich problem solving skills to analyze, design and implement software and hardware
based systems of varying complexity.

To interpret real-time problems with analytical skills and to arrive at cost effective and
PSO2 optimal solution using advanced tools and techniques.

An understanding of social awareness and professional ethics with practical proficiency in

the broad area of programming concepts by lifelong learning to inculcate employment and
PSO3
entrepreneurship skills.

BLOOM TAXANOMY LEVELS(BTL)

BTL1: Remembering
BTL2: Understanding
BTL3: Applying
BTL4: Analyzing
BTL5: Evaluating
BTL6: Creating

4
 SYLLABUS

UNIT I PROJECT EVALUATION AND PROJECT PLANNING 9

Importance of Software Project Management – Activities Methodologies – Categorization of

Software Projects – Setting objectives – Management Principles – Management Control –
Project portfolio Management – Cost-benefit evaluation technology – Risk evaluation – Strategic
program Management – Stepwise Project Planning.

UNIT II PROJECT LIFE CYCLE AND EFFORT ESTIMATION 9

Software process and Process Models – Choice of Process models - mental delivery – Rapid
Application development – Agile methods – Extreme Programming – SCRUM – Managing
interactive processes – Basics of Software estimation – Effort and Cost estimation techniques –
COSMIC Full function points - COCOMO II A Parametric Productivity Model - Staffing
Pattern.

UNIT III ACTIVITY PLANNING AND RISK MANAGEMENT 9

Objectives of Activity planning – Project schedules – Activities – Sequencing and scheduling –

Network Planning models – Forward Pass & Backward Pass techniques – Critical path (CRM)
method– Risk identification – Assessment – Monitoring – PERT technique – Monte Carlo
simulation –Resource Allocation – Creation of critical patterns – Cost schedules.

UNIT IV PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL 9

Framework for Management and control – Collection of data Project termination – Visualizing
progress – Cost monitoring – Earned Value Analysis- Project tracking – Change control-
Software Configuration Management – Managing contracts – Contract Management.

UNIT V STAFFING IN SOFTWARE PROJECTS 9

Managing people – Organizational behavior – Best methods of staff selection – Motivation – The
Oldham-Hackman job characteristic model – Ethical and Programmed concerns – Working in
teams – Decision making – Team structures – Virtual teams – Communications genres –
Communication plans.

5
TEXT BOOK:

1. Bob Hughes, Mike Cotterell and Rajib Mall: Software Project Management – Fifth Edition,
Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2012.

REFERENCES:

1. Robert K. Wysocki “Effective Software Project Management” – Wiley Publication,2011.

2. Walker Royce: “Software Project Management”- Addison-Wesley, 1998.
3. Gopalaswamy Ramesh, “Managing Global Software Projects” – McGraw Hill Education
(India), Fourteenth Reprint 2013.

Course Outcomes (COs)

C411.1 Evaluate and decide the software project management.

Determine and classify the project life cycle and estimate the effort of Agile
C411.2
methods.
C411.3 Formulate the project activity plan and project risk management

C411.4 Organize and manage the project contracts.

C411.5 Establishing the staffing pattern and Document the organizational behavior.

6
 INDEX

Unit # Ref. Book Page Numbers

Bob Hughes, Mike Cotterell and Rajib Mall:
Unit 1 Software Project Management – Fifth Edition,
Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2012. Page 8 -17

Bob Hughes, Mike Cotterell and Rajib Mall:

Unit 2 Software Project Management – Fifth Edition,
Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2012. Page 18 -26

Bob Hughes, Mike Cotterell and Rajib Mall:

Unit 3 Software Project Management – Fifth Edition, Page 27 -35
Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2012.

Bob Hughes, Mike Cotterell and Rajib Mall:

Unit 4 Software Project Management – Fifth Edition, Page 36 -43
Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2012.

Bob Hughes, Mike Cotterell and Rajib Mall:

Unit 5 Software Project Management – Fifth Edition,
Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2012. Page 44 -52

7
 UNIT -1
PROJECT EVALUATION AND PROJECT PLANNING
SYLLABUS:
Importance of Software Project Management – Activities Methodologies – Categorization of
Software Projects – Setting objectives – Management Principles – Management Control –
Project portfolio Management – Cost-benefit evaluation technology – Risk evaluation – Strategic
program Management – Stepwise Project Planning.

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

To outline the need for Software Project Management.

PART – A
[Link] 2 Mark Questions CO Blooms
Level
1 What is software project Management? (NOV -2009)(JUNE -2014)(JUNE-2017)
The software project management is the art and science of planning and leading
software projects. It is a sub discipline of project management in which software C411.1 BTL1
project are planned monitored and controlled.

2 Define project?
Project is defined as
A specific plan or design
C411.1 BTL1
A planned under taking
A large under taking

3 Define process. (NOV -2012)

A software process provides the framework from which a comprehensive plan for C411.1 BTL1
software development can be established.

4 Which factor is decided the success of project

(MAY -2012) Clear & agreed objectives
Planning
Management
control Repeated
C411.1 BTL4
reappraisal
Communication
Committed &
effective team.

8
5 Write the elements of product process.(NOV -2010)
Defined by the life cycle used.
Defined by the American society of quality(ASQ), C411.1 BTL1
Certified Software Quality Engineer(CSQE)

6 What are the characteristics which makes software project s different from other
project? (MAY -2012)( MAY -2015)
Invisibility: When a physical artifact such as a bridge or road is being constructed the
progress being made can actually be seen. With software, progress is not immediately
visible. Complexity: Per dollar, pound or euro spent, software products contain more
complexity than other engineered artifacts.
C411.1 BTL4
Flexibility: The ease with which software can be changed is usually seen as one of
its strengths. However this means that where the software system interfaces with a
physical or organizational system, it is expected that, where necessary, the software
will change to accommodate the other components rather than vice versa. This means
the software systems are likely to be subject to a high degree of change

7 Mention the characteristics of software projects(NOV -2012)( NOV -2013)(Dec –

2014)
Non-routine tasks are involved
Planning is required
Specific objectives are to be met or a specified product is to be created
The project has a pre-determined time span C411.1 BTL1
Work is carried out for some one other than yourself
Work involves several specialisms
Work is carried out in several phases
The resources that are available for use on the project are constrained.
The project is large or complex

Write short notes about contract management? (May – 2013).

Contract administration is the management of contracts made with customers,
vendors, partners, or employees. The client organization will often appoint a project C411.1 BTL1
manager to supervise the contract
8
What are the activities covered by SPM? (MAY -2009)
Feasibility study
C411.1 BTL1
Planning
9 Project execution
What are the different stages in classic project life cycle? (MAY -2010)
Requirements analysis
Specification
Design
Coding C411.1 BTL1
Verification & Validation
Implementation installation
Maintenance & Support
10

9
 What are the activities within stepwise planning?
Select project
Identify projects scope and objectives
Identify project infrastructure
Analyse project characteristics
Identify project products and activities
Estimate effort for each activity
C411.1 BTL1
Identify activity risks
Allocate resources
Review/publicize
Execute plan
Lower levels of planning

11
What are the things contain product description? (NOV -2012)
The name/identity of the product
The purpose of the product
The derivation of the product
C411.1 BTL1
The composition of the product
The relevant standards
The quality criteria that should apply to it
12
What is PBS?. Show hierarchial diagram of a sample PBS. (MAY -2012)

C411.1 BTL1

A product breakdown structure (PBS) is a tool for analysing, documenting and

communicating the outcomes of a project, and forms part of the product based
planning technique.

13

10
 Define milestones.
The milestones represent the completion of important stages of the project of which
they would want to take particular note C411.1 BTL1

14
What is PRINCE 2?
A PRINCE 2 is asset of project management standards that were originally Sponsored
C411.1 BTL1
by the central computing and telecommunications agency for use on British
15 government
List the characteristics of the products?
Invisibility
C411.1 BTL1
Complexity
16 Flexibility
What are the two different stages of Design?
External or User Design
Physical Design C411.1 BTL1

17
Write the standards for software process?
BS 6079 C411.1 BTL1
PRINCE 2
18
List some problems with software projects (May – 2013).
People-related problems
Process-related problems
Product-related problems C411.1 BTL4
Technology-related problems

19
Distinguish between objectives &products(Nov -2013)(JUNE-2014)
A project might be to create a product the details of which have been specified by the
client.
The client has the responsibility for justifying the product. On the other hand, the
project may be required to meet certain objectives.
There could be several ways of achieving these objectives. A new information system C411.1 BTL5
might be implemented to improve some service to users inside or outside an
organization.
The level of service that is the target would be the subject of anagreement rather than
the characteristics of a particular information system.
20
Difference between contract management & technical management(Dec
– 2014) advantages of contract management
contract management
The contract is simply an elaborated agreement between two or more parties. One or C411.1 BTL5
more parties may provide products in return to something provided by other parties
(client).
21 • Standardized Processes and Procedures

11
 • Spend Visibility
• Improved Compliance
• Solid Foundation for Spend and Performance Analysis
• Evergreen Contract Elimination
• Rebate Management
Technical Project Management
• You'll discuss the value of planning, scheduling and how to manage scope.
• Use tools and techniques to establish a sound estimating process.

• Find out how to keep projects on track and evaluate project performance.
• And participate in communications exercises to help successfully lead project
team.

Who are Project Stakeholders? (May-2015)

Project Stakeholder is a person, group of people or an organization that has any
kind of interest in your project or is affected by its outcome either directly or
indirectly. This may include your project team members, project sponsors, your
organization members and people outside to your organization as well.
C411.1 BTL1
Project stakeholders can be grouped into two categories:
1. Internal Stakeholders
2. External Stakeholders

22
Mention some of the major activities covered by software project management.
(May-2016)
Major activities covered by software project management are
Project Planning
Scope
C411.1 BTL4
Management
Project
Estimation

23
Highlight the levels of decision making and information system. (May-2016)
Strategic management
Tactical management C411.1 BTL4
Operational management
24
How to review and publicize plan?
 Review quality aspects of project plan
C411.1 BTL5
 Document plans and obtain agreement.
25
What are the problems with software project from manager’s point of
view?(May/Jun2013)  Poor estimates and plans.
C411.1 BTL5
 Lack of quality standards and measures.
26  Lack of techniques to make progress visible.

12
  Lack of guidance about organizationalDecisions.
 Poor role definition.
Incorrect success criteria

What are the steps involved in step wise planning?

 Identify project scope and objectives.
 Identify project infrastructure.
Analyze project characteristics.
 Identify project products and activities.
 Estimate effort for each activity. C411.1 BTL5
 Identify activity risks.
 Allocate resources.
 Review / publicize plan
Execute plan/ lower levels of planning.
27
How to identify project infrastructure?
 Establish relationship between project and strategic planning.
 Identify installation standards and procedures. C411.1 BTL4
 Identify project team organization.

28
How to manage activity risks?
 Identify and quantify activity-based risks.
 Plan risk reduction and contingency measures where appropriate C411.1 BTL4
 Adjust plans and estimates to take account of risks.

29
Define project stake holders.
Stakeholders are the people involved in or affected by the project actives Stake
C411.1 BTL1
holders’ power Integrate all expectations of several people.
30
Why organize an activity or job as a project?
It allows you to better structure and organize the tasks that need to be performed
Well-developed approaches and tools are available for managing projects C411.1 BTL5
Easy-to-use software is available for scheduling and budgeting projects
31
What are the Technical Project Planning Methodologies Identify different
approaches to planning technical projects:
rolling wave
C411.1 BTL5
Planning…stage gate process…critical chain project management
Common construction project life cycle
32 Common pharmaceutical project life cycle
What are the three successive processes that bring a new
system?(Nov/Dec2012) C411.1 BTL5
33 The feasibility study- Evaluate the cost of the software development against the
13
 Software
Engineering Planning- outline the structure of the project
Project Execution- Product Implementation Product implementation activities
Define Feasibility Study.
It is based on an outline design of system requirements in terms of Input,
C411.1 BTL5
Processes, Output, Fields, Programs, and Procedures. This can be quantified in
34 terms of volumes of data, trends, frequency of updating, etc.
What is meant by planning?
Planning as a process involves the determination of future course of action, that is,
C411.1 BTL5
why an action, what action, how to take action, and when to take action. These
35 why, what, how, and when are related with different aspects of planning process.
What is meant by qualification testing?
The system, including the software components, has to be tested carefully to C411.1 BTL5
36 ensure that all the requirements have been fulfilled.
Differentiate Objectives Vs products.
Objectives are goals or aims which the management wishes the organization to
achieve. These are the end points or pole-star towards which all business activities
C411.1 BTL5
like organizing, staffing, directing and controlling are directed.
A project might be to create a product, the details of which have been specified by
37 the client. The client has the responsibility for justifying the product.
What is management?
Management can be defined as all activities and tasks undertaken by one or more
Persons for the purpose of planning and controlling the activities of others in order C411.1 BTL5
to achieve objectives or complete an activity that could not be achieved by others
38 acting independently.
What are the problems with software project from manager’s point of view?
Poor estimates and plans.
 Lack of quality standards and measures
C411.1 BTL5
. Lack of techniques to make progress visible
. Lack of guidance about organizational Decisions.
39  Poor role definition. [Link] success criteria
What are the problems with software project from student’s point of view?
Inadequate specification of work.
Lack of knowledge of application area. C411.1 BTL5
Lack of standards.
40 Narrow scope of technical expertise.
How to identify project infrastructure?
Establish relationship between project and strategic planning.
C411.1 BTL4
Identify installation standards and procedures.
41 Identify project team organization.
What is system and sub system?
The term system is defined as “a set of interrelated parts”. A system will normally
C411.1 BTL5
be part of a larger system and will itself compare sub systems.
42
What is project execution?
C411.1 BTL5
43 This is the final stage of project, which meant to put the built system to work

14
 or operate under suitable environment.

What is planning?
Ans: It is an act of formulating a program for a definite course of action “the planning
was more fun than the trip itself’. Planning in short in defined as “deciding what is to C411.1 BTL5
be done”.
44
What do you mean by the characteristics of invisibility, complexity and
complexity of Software project management?
Invisibility:
The outputs are not seen / visible physically during the software progress.
Complexity:
C411.1 BTL5
Usually software products contain more complexity than other engineered artifacts.
Flexibility:
Software project has the characteristics of changing its code at any time and
can produce the expected result.
45
What is the difference between Information systems and embedded systems?
Information systems:-
Information System includes databases that include useful "information". Information
Systems is the discipline concerned with the development, use, application and
influence of information systems. An information system, following a definition of
Langefors, is a technologically implemented medium for recording, storing, and
disseminating linguistic expressions, as well as for drawing conclusions from such
expressions. The technology used for implementing information systems by no means
has to be computer technology. A notebook in which one lists certain items of interest
is, according to that definition, an information system. Likewise, there are computer C411.1 BTL5
applications that do not comply with this definition of information systems. Embedded
systems are an example. Embedded Systems:- Embedded systems include small
computers that make things work, such as the computer in your radio, television or the
computer that controls your vehicle engine. An embedded system is a computer
system that is part of a larger system.
Examples:
Washing machine
Car engine control
46 Mobile phone
What is cost-benefit analysis ?(Nov/Dec 2017)
Cost–benefit analysis (CBA), sometimes called benefit costs analysis (BCA), is a
systematic approach to estimating the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives (for
C411.1 BTL5
example in transactions, activities, functional business requirements); it is used to
determine options that provide the best approach to achieve benefits while preserving
47 savings.
Outline the need dor risk evaluation. (Nov/Dec 2017)
C411.1 BTL5
Risk assessment is a term used to describe the overall process or method where you:
48

15
  Identify hazards and risk factors that have the potential to cause harm (hazard
identification).
 Analyze and evaluate the risk associated with that hazard (risk analysis, and
risk evaluation).
 Determine appropriate ways to eliminate the hazard, or control the risk when
the hazard cannot be eliminated (risk control).

What is Management software ?

Management software is that which is designed to streamline and automate

C411.1 BTL5
management processes in order to lessen the complexity of large projects and tasks, as
well as encourage or facilitate team cooperation, collaboration and proper project
49 reporting.
What is a software ?

Computer software, or simply software, is a collection of data or computer instructions C411.1 BTL5
that tell the computer how to work. This is in contrast to physical hardware, from
50 which the system is built and actually performs the work

PART B
S.N 16 Mark Questions CO Bloom
O ’s
Level
1
Explain the various activities covered by software project management.
(8)([Link]-6) (May - 2013) , (8) (May - 2012) .(Nov -2012)(8), (8) (Nov – C411.1 BTL2
2013)(Dec-2014) (JUNE-2017) (Nov/Dec 2017)

2 Give an outline of step wise planning activities for a project with neat diagram.
(16) ([Link]-64) (May - 2013) .(Nov -2012)(16) (Nov -2011)(16), (16) (Nov
C411.1 BTL6
– 2013)(JUNE-2014)(Dec-2014) (Nov/Dec 2017)

3 Describe how cost- benefits evaluation techniques & its methods with examples.
([Link]-32) (16) (May - 2013) (Nov -2011)(16) (16) (Nov – 2013) C411.1 BTL5
(JUNE-2017)

4 Discuss the cash flows techniques in project development. ([Link]-26)

C411.1 BTL2
(8) (May - 2013) (May - 2012)

16
5 Identify the data that you would collect to ensure that during execution of project
things are going according to plan. ([Link]-54) (Nov -2011)(8) C411.1 BTL2

6 Explain the various activities to be performed in “Analyzing the project

characteristics” ([Link]-56) (May - 2012) (JUNE-2017) C411.1 BTL2

7 Illustrate few problem associated with software projects. ([Link]-35) (Nov -

2012) (8) C411.1 BTL5

8 Explain contract management. (8)([Link]) (Nov – 2013)

C411.1 BTL2
9 Explain the use of Gantt chart in allocation of resources. ([Link]) (8) (Dec-
2014) C411.1 BTL2

10 What is risk evaluation? Explain the use of decision trees in risk evaluation.
([Link]-35)(8) (Dec 2015) C411.1 BTL6

11 Discuss the cash flows techniques with different cost- benefit evaluation
techniques. ([Link]-32) (Nov -2012)(16) C411.1 BTL2

13 Explain portfolio management of software projects. Discuss with examples.

C411.1 BTL3
([Link]-25) (16) (May-2016)
14 What is Management? Explain in detail, management control
C411.1 BTL3
([Link])
15 Draw product breakdown structure and product flow diagram for online ticket
reservation C411.1 BTL2
Refer notes

17
 UNIT – II

PROJECT LIFE CYCLE AND EFFORT ESTIMATION

SYLLABUS:

Software process and Process Models – Choice of Process models - mental delivery – Rapid
Application development – Agile methods – Extreme Programming – SCRUM – Managing
interactive processes – Basics of Software estimation – Effort and Cost estimation techniques –
COSMIC Full function points - COCOMO II A Parametric Productivity Model - Staffing
Pattern.

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

To highlight different techniques for software cost estimation

PART- A

[Link] 2 Mark Questions CO Blooms

Level
1 What is programme?
A programme is a collection of projects that all contributes to the same overall C411.2 BTL1
organization goals.

2 What are the types of management in strategic assessment?

a. Typical issues and questions to be considered during strategic assessment.
C411.2 BTL1
b. Portifollio management.

3 How the cost-benefit analysis can be done?

a. Whether the estimated costs are executed by the estimated income. C411.2 BTL1
b. And, by other benefits
4 What are the steps in cost-benefit analysis comprises? (NOV -2012) (Nov -
2013)
Identifying and estimating all of the costs and benefits of carrying out the C411.2
BTL1
project.
Expressing these costs and benefits in common units.

5 When the net present value calculation for a project? (NOV -2012) C411.2 BTL1

18
 The Net Present Value (NPV) of a Capital Budgeting project indicates the
expected impact of the project on the value of the firm. Projects with a positive
NPV are expected to increase the value of the firm. Thus, the NPV decision rule
specifies that all independent projects with a positive NPV should be accepted.
When choosing among mutually exclusive projects, the project with the largest
(positive) NPV should be selected.
The NPV is calculated as the present value of the project's cash inflows minus the
present value of the project's cash outflows.

6 What are the types of cost?

Development costs->Includes salary and other employment cost of staff
involved.
C411.2 BTL1
Setup costs->Includes the cost of implementation of system.
Operational costs->Cost require to operate system.

7 What are the categories of benefits? (MAY -2010)

Direct benefits: Directly obtained benefits by making use of operating the
system.
Assessable indirect benefits: These benefits are obtained due to update of C411.2 BTL1
current system.
Intangible benefits: These benefits are longer term.

How do you find the present value of future cash flows? (NOV -2012)
Present value, also known as present discounted value, is a future amount of
money that has been discounted to reflect its current value, as if it existed today
Present value calculations, and similarly future value calculations, are used to C411.2 BTL1
evaluate loans, mortgages, annuities, sinking funds, perpetuities, and more. These
calculations are used to make comparisons between cash flows that don’t occur at
simultaneous times
8
what is the significance of project risk matrix give ex(MAY -2012)
A Risk Matrix is a matrix that is used during Risk Assessment to define the various
levels of risk as the product of the harm probability categories and harm severity
categories. This is a simple mechanism to increase visibility of risks and assist
management decision making. For example, the harm severity can be categorized
as: C411.2 BTL4
Catastrophic - Multiple Deaths
Critical - One Death or Multiple Severe Injuries
Marginal - One Severe Injury or Multiple Minor Injuries
Negligible - One Minor Injury
9
What do you meant by cash flow forecasting? (MAY -2009)
The cash flow forecasting estimates the overall costs and benefits of a product
with respect to time. C411.2 BTL1

10
11 How the money is spent through development stages? C411.2 BTL6

19
 Staff wages.
Borrowing money from bank.
Paying interact to bank.
Paying of salaries.
Amount spent for installation, buying hardware and software.

What are the ways the income is expected?

Payment on completion. C411.2 BTL1
12 Stages payment
What do you meant by cost-evaluation techniques?
The timing of the costs and benefits. C411.2 BTL1
The benefits relative to the size of the investment.
13
What are the common methods used in cash flow forecasts?
Net profit
Payback period
Return on investment C411.2 BTL6
Net present value
Internal rate of return.
14
What do you meant by net profit? (NOV -2010)
The net profit of a project is the different between the total costs and the total
income over the life of the project.
C411.2 BTL1
Net profit= Total cost- Total income

15
What do you meant by payback period?(Dec – 2014)
Payback period as the time taken to be break even or payback to the initial
C411.2 BTL1
investment.
16
What do you meant by return on investment? (MAY– 2012)
The return on investment also known as the accounting rate of return (ARR)
provides a way of comparing the net profitability to the investment required.
ROI=Average annual profit / Total C411.2 BTL1
investment *100 Average annual
profit= Net profit / Total no. of year
17
What do you meant by internal rate of return? (NOV – 2011)
The internal rate of return (IRR) attempts to provide a profitability measure as a C411.2 BTL1
percentage return that is directly comparable with interest rates.
18
What is RISK management? (MAY– 2012)
Risk management is the procedure that explains the process of managing risk
through analysis. C411.2 BTL4
This procedure does not provide solutions to perceived risks.
19
20 What do you meant by net present value? C411.2 BTL1

20
 The net present value is calculation of project evaluation technique.
Present value= value of year t / (1+r) t

What do you meant by discount rate?

The discount rate means expressed as a decimal value.
C411.2 BTL1
Discount rate=1 / (1+r) t
21
What do you meant by discounted cash flow?(Dec-2014)
Net present value and internal rate of return (IRR) are collectively known as C411.2 BTL1
22 discounted cash flow
What do you meant by accounting rate of return?
The accounting rate of return provides a way of comparing the net profitability to C411.2 BTL1
the required.
23
What do you meant by risk evaluation? (NOV -2009)
The risk evaluation is means to decide whether to proceed with the project or job C411.2 BTL1
24 and whether the project is meeting its objectives
Differentiate between strategic assessment & Technical assessment
(May -2013) Strategic Assessment
Individual projects needs to be seen as components of a programme and should be
evaluated and managed as such. A programme, in this context, is a collection of
projects that contribute to the same overall organizational goals.
C411.2 BTL4
Technical Assessment
Technical assessment of a proposed system consists of evaluating the required
functionality against the hardware and software available. Where an organization
has a strategic information systems plan, this is likely to place limitations on the
25 nature of a solutions that might be considered.
What is the use of decision tree in risk evaluation (May - 2013)
The analysis of decision tree consists of evaluating the expected benefit of taking
each path from a decision point. The expected value of each path is the sum of the
C411.2 BTL6
value of each possible outcome multiplied by its probability of occurance.

26
What is the concept of strategic programme? (Nov -2013)
Strategic planning and decision processes should end with objectives and a
roadmap of ways to achieve them.
The goal of strategic planning mechanisms like formal planning is to C411.2 BTL1
increase specificity in business operation, especially when long-term and high-
stake activities are involved.

27
What is meant by cost flow forecasting? (JUNE-2014)
A cash flow forecast is document that shows predicted future cash inflows and C411.2 BTL1
outflows of a business over a given period of time
28
29 Give some units for measuring the size of the software. C411.2 BTL4

21
 (JUNE-2014)
Number of Lines of Code (NLOC)
– number of delivered source instructions (NDSI)
– number of thousands of delivered source instructions(KDSI)
Function Point Count
A measure of the functionality perceived by theuser delivered by the
software developer. Afunction count is a weighted sum of the number of
– Inputs to the software application
– Outputs from the software application
– Enquiries to the software application
– Data files
– Internal to the software application
– shared with other software applications

30. What are the different categories of project

costs? (May 2015) Types of Cost
Fixed Costs: These costs stay the same and do not change throughout the
project life cycle . Examples of fixed costs include setup costs, rental costs
etc.
Variable Costs: Variable costs are costs that change with the amount of
work. Examples of variable costs are hourly labor, cost of material, cost of
supply, fuel for bulldozer etc.
Direct Costs: Direct costs are expenses that are billed directly to the
project. Examples of direct costs are team travel expenses, team wages,
cost of material used in a project, costs incurred for recognition and awards
materials used to construct a building.
Indirect Costs: Indirect costs are costs that are shared and allocated
among several or all projects. Examples include fringe benefits and taxes. C411.2 BTL1
Another example of indirect costs could be the salary of an architect or a
project manager who is partially allocated across many projects . Their
team members' salaries would be direct costs since each of them are
directly working on a particular project and their salary are direct costs to
the project . But since the project manager is allocated to several projects ,
the costs incurred on his salary are indirect costs to the project .
Sunk Costs: Sunk costs are costs that have been incurred on a project but
have
not produced value towards the project objectives. Sunk costs are like
spilt
milk .If they are unrecoverable, they are to be treated as if they are
30 irrelevant
What is internal rate of return? (May 2015)
Internal rate of return (IRR) is the interest rate at which the net present value of
all the cash flows (both positive and negative) from a project or investment equal
zero. C411.2 BTL1
Internal rate of return is used to evaluate the attractiveness of a project or
investment. If the IRR of a new project exceeds a company’s required rate of
31 return, that project is desirable. If IRR falls below the required rate of return, the

22
 project should be rejected.
What is cash flow forecasting? (May 2016)
Cash flow forecasting involves the creation of a detailed listing of when cash
receipts and cash expenditures should occur in the future. This information is
needed to make fund raising and investment decisions. C411.2 BTL1
The cash flow forecast can be divided into two parts: near-term cash flows and
medium-term cash flows.
32
Define risk identification and ranking. (May 2016)
Risk identification is the process of determining risks that could potentially
prevent the program, enterprise, or investment from achieving its objectives. It
includes documenting and communicating the concern.
Risk impact assessment is the process of assessing the probabilities and
consequences of risk events if they are realized. The results of this assessment are C411.2 BTL1
then used to prioritize risks to establish a most-to-least-critical importance ranking.
Ranking risks in terms of their criticality or importance provides insights to the
project's management on where resources may be needed to manage or mitigate
the realization of high probability/high consequence risk events.

33
Define project Evaluation.
Project evaluation is a systematic method for collecting, analyzing, and using
C411.2 BTL5
information to answer questions about projects, policies and programs, particularly
34 about their effectiveness and efficiency
What is meant by programme?
D.C. Ferns defined a programme as “a group of project that are managed in a
C411.2 BTL1
coordinated way to gain benefits that would not be possible were the projects to be
35 managed independently”.
Define business cycle programme.
The collection of projects that an organization undertakes within a particular
planning cycle is sometimes referring to portfolio. Decisions have to be made C411.2 BTL5
about which projects to implement within that budget within the accounting
36 period.
Define Infrastructure programme
. Some organizations have very integrated information systems. The distinct C411.2 BTL5
37 activities can be integrated.
Define Research and development programme.
Truly innovative companies especially those that are trying to develop new
C411.2 BTL5
product for the market, are well aware that projects will vary in terms of their risk
38 of failure and the potential returns.
Define vision statement.
A preliminary vision statement which describes the new capacity that the
C411.2 BTL5
organization seeks. Significance-When the project begins, the project ... The goal
39 of the vision statement is to describe what the project is expected.
What is meant by blueprint?
C411.2 BTL1
40 The achievement of the improved capability described in the vision statement can

23
 only come about when changes have been made to the structure and operations of
the organizations. These are detailed in the blueprint.
What are things to be considered in the blueprint?
Business models outlining the new process required.
Organization structure-The information systems C411.2 BTL1
Data and information requirements
41 Costs, performance and service level requirements.
What are the benefits of management?
1)Mandatory compliance
2) Quality of service
3)Productivity C411.2 BTL1
4)More motivated force
5)Internal management benefits
42 6)Risk reduction
Define development costs.
Development costs include the salaries and other employment costs of the staff
involved in the development project and all associated costs.
TDEV = 3 ´ (PM)(0.33+0.2*(B-1.01)) C411.2 BTL5
PM is the effort computation and B is the exponent computed as discussed above
(B is 1 for the early prototyping model). This computation predicts the nominal
43 schedule for the project.
Define setup costs.
Setup costs include the costs of putting the system into place.
These consists of mainly the costs of the new hardware ESLOC = ASLOC * (1-
AT/100) * AAM.
ASLOC and AT as before. C411.2 BTL5
AAM is the adaptation adjustment multiplier computed from the costs of
changing the reused
code, the costs of understanding how to integrate the code and the costs of reuse
44 Decision making.
Define operational costs.
It consists of the costs of operating the system once it has been installed.
C411.2 BTL5
EAC = AC + ETC. Current variances are seen as a typical and the ... Fixed Costs,
45 Costs do not change.
Give the formula of payback period.
C411.2 BTL1
46 Payback Period = Investment/ Annual Cash Savings
Outline the advantages of agile unified process . (Nov/Dec 2017)
The UP provides an infrastructure for executing software product engineering C411.2 BTL1
47 projects, a framework composed of major and minor milestones and disciplines.
What is the significance of a “project risk matrix” ? give an example
(May/Jun2012)
Identify the risk and give priority. C411.2 BTL1
Could draw up draw a project risk matrix for each project to assess risks
48 Project risk matrix used to identify and rank the risk of the project
Give the significance of cost benefit analysis.(Nov/Dec2012)
C411.2 BTL1
49 A CBA is considered to be a subjective (as opposed to objective) assessment tool

24
 because cost and benefit calculations can be influenced by the choice of supporting
data and estimation methodologies. Sometimes it’s most valuable use when
assessing the value of a business proposal is to serve as a vehicle for discussion.
Cost-benefit analysis is sometimes called benefit-cost analysis (BCA).
What is rapid application development ? (Nov/Dec 2017)
Rapid-application development (RAD) is both a general term, used to refer to
adaptive software development approaches, as well as the name for James
Martin's approach to rapid development. In general, RAD approaches to software C411.2 BTL1
development put less emphasis on planning and more emphasis on an adaptive
process. Prototypes are often used in addition to or sometimes even in place of
50 design specifications.

PART B
S.N 16 Mark Questions CO Bloom
O ’s
Level
1 Explain how project can be evaluated against strategic, technical and economic
criteria. ([Link]-102) (Nov -2011)(8)(JUNE-2014), C411.2 BTL5

2 Explain in detail about the Amanda’s decision tree.(Refer Class notes)

C411.2 BTL2
3 Explain the “Internal rate of return” method. Also mention its advantages over the
NPV method. .(Refer Class notes) (8) (May - 2012) C411.2 BTL2

4 Where are estimates done and explain the problems with over and under
estimates. (Page. No.:101-102) (16) (May 2016) C411.2 BTL2

5 Explain COCOMO – II model (Page. No.:113-115) (JUNE-2017) (Nov/Dec

2017) C411.2 BTL2

6 Explain in brief Agile Methods. (Page. No.:88-91) C411.2 BTL2

7 Discuss the spiral software development life cycle model with diagrammatic
illustration. What are spiral model strengths ? What are the spiral model
C411.2 BTL3
deficiencies ? When to use spiral model ? Discuss. (Nov/Dec 2017)
(Page. No.:95-97)
8 Explain in detail, the various issues to be addressed in evaluating the risks

25
 before deciding to take up a project (Page. No.:115-110)
9 Evaluate the risk involved in a project and suggest appropriate strategies for
C411.2 BTL2
minimizing the potential cost(Page. No.:115-110)
10 Explain in detail, how risks are handled in a project. Give examples. (Page.
C411.2 BTL2
No.:115-110)
11 Explain in detail, the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) method for measuring the
profitability of a project. Also mention its advantages over the NPV method. C411.2 BTL2
.(Refer Class notes)
12 Explain in detail, how cost-benefit evaluation techniques can be used to
C411.2 BTL2
choose the best among competing project proposals. .(Refer Class notes)
13 How does the present value of future cash flow found? .(Refer Class notes) C411.2 BTL2
14 Explain in brief about the effort and cost Estimation techniques in project
C411.2 BTL2
Development. (Refer Class notes)
15 Write about SCRUM. (Refer Class notes) C411.2 BTL2

26
 UNIT – III
ACTIVITY PLANNING AND RISK MANAGEMENT
Objectives of Activity planning – Project schedules – Activities – Sequencing and scheduling –
Network Planning models – Forward Pass & Backward Pass techniques – Critical path (CRM)
method– Risk identification – Assessment – Monitoring – PERT technique – Monte Carlo
simulation –Resource Allocation – Creation of critical patterns – Cost schedules.

COURSE OBJECTIVE:
To make the students to understand activity planning and risk management

PART – A
[Link] 2 Mark Questions CO Blooms
Level
1 Define feasibility management?
Feasibility management will depend upon the availability of staff and the degree to
C411.3 BTL1
which activities may be undertaken in parallel.

2 Define motivation?
To providing targets and being seen to monitor achievement against targets is an C411.3 BTL1
effective way of motivating staff..

3 What are stages can planning done?

Before the start of the project. C411.3 BTL1
At each successive iteration.
4 What are stages made by project schedule? .(NOV -2010)
Ideal activity plan.
Activity risk analysis C411.3 BTL1
Resource allocation.
Schedule production
5 Define the objective of activity planning.(MAY -2008)(MAY 2013)
The objective of software project planning is to provide a framework that enables
the manager to make reasonable estimates of:
Resources C411.3 BTL1
Cost
Schedule

6 Define ideal activity plan? (MAY/2009)

A plan of when each activity would ideally be undertaken was resources not a C411.3
BTL1
constraint.

27
7 Define sequencing?
Sequencing is defined as identifying the depending among activities by the C411.3 BTL1
development process.
Define scheduling?
Scheduling is defined as process of specifying the time for when each activity
C411.3 BTL1
should take place.
8
In what based bar chart is drawn?
The chart has been drawn up taking account of the nature of the development C411.3 BTL4
process and the resources that are available.
9
What are the things when drawing bar chart?
Sequenced the tasks- identify the dependencies. C411.3 BTL1
10 Scheduled them- specify when they should take place
What are the network planning models? (MAY/2010)
CPM- Critical Path Method.
C411.3 BTL1
PERT-Program Evaluation Review Techniques.
11 Precedence Network
Define network model?
Network model is to represent the activities and interrelationship as a graph. C411.3 BTL1
12
Define source node?
The source node is the event of the project becoming ready to start. C411.3 BTL1
13
Define sink node?
The sink node is the event of the project becoming completed. C411.3 BTL1
14
What are the types of nodes?
Source node
Sink node C411.3 BTL1
Intermediate node

15
What is dangle in an activity network. Give an example. (MAY 2012)
A dangle activity is a "loose" activity in your project schedule, and it has neither a
predecessor activity neither a successor [Link] is hard to imagine an activity that
is completely independent from all the other activities.
An example dangle activity in a software project: "Optimizing the database", you C411.3 BTL3
can optimize the database at any point during the project, you don't have to wait for
an activity to finish, and no activity has to wait for the database to be optimized in
order to start.
16
Define float?
Float is a measure of how much the start or completion of an activity may be C411.3 BTL1
delayed without affecting the end date of the project.
17
18 Define interfering float? (MAY 2012) C411.3 BTL1

28
 The difference between total float and free float. This is quite commonly used,
particularly in association on with the free float.

Define slack?
Slack is the difference between the earliest date and the latest date for an event. C411.3 BTL1
19
List the factors used to identify the risk .(NOV -2012)
Inherent schedule flaws
Requirements Inflation
Employee Turnover C411.3 BTL1
Specification Breakdown
Poor Productivity
20
Define critical path? (NOV -2010)
The critical path is identified in a way similar to that used in activity-on-node
C411.3 BTL1
network.
21
Define risk management?(NOV – 2011)
Risk management is the identification, assessment and prioritization of risk. C411.3 BTL1
22
What are the main components of the risk management?
Risk analysis.
Risk management. C411.3 BTL1

23
What are the risks to business impact? (Nov -2013)

Risk identification
Risk evaluation
Risk estimation
Risk management C411.3 BTL1
Risk Control
Risk Monitoring
Risk directing
Risk staffing

24
Define Hammock activities. (Nov -2013)
A hammock activity (also hammock task) is a schedule or project planning term for a
grouping of tasks that "hang" between two end dates it is tied to.
Usages:
Group dissimilar activities that lead to an overall capability, such as
C411.3 BTL1
preparations under a summary label, e.g. "vacation preparation";
Group unrelated items for the purpose of a summary such as a calendar-
based reporting period, e.g. "First quarter plans";
Group ongoing or overhead activities that run the length of an effort, e.g.
25 "project management"

29
 State activity on arrow network with examples(May -2013)(JUNE -2014)
Activity-on-Arrow (AOA) networks
o also called Arrow Diagramming Method (ADM)
o simpler for projects with many dependencies
o emphasizes events; milestones can be
easily flagged o sometimes requires
dummy activities
Prior
Activity C411.3 BTL1
Activity
A None
B A

26
List 2 types of networks diagrams
Activity-on-Arrow (AOA) networks
o also called Arrow Diagramming Method (ADM)
o simpler for projects with many
dependencies
o emphasizes events; milestones can be easily flagged
o sometimes requires dummy activities
Activity-on-Node (AON) C411.3 BTL1
networks
o also called Precedence Diagramming
Method (PDM) o easier to draw for simple
projects
o emphasizes activities
o no dummy activities
27
What is the significance of a Critical Path Method ?(Dec-2014)
The path with zero flexibility is called Critical Path Method because it
will have zero float between all of its activities.
C411.3 BTL1
The Critical Path Method, abbreviated CPM, or Critical Path Analysis, is a
mathematically based algorithm for scheduling a set of project activities. It is an
28 important tool for effective project management
What is a hazard. List out the generic risks.(June -2014)
A hazard is an event that might occur and will create a problem for the successful C411.3 BTL1
completion of the project, if it does occur.
29
What do you understand by work breakdown structure(Dec-2014)
• Use Work Breakdown Structure WBS)to generate a task list
• WBS involves
C411.3 BTL6
• It consists of creating a list of all activities of a project.
• It makes use of brain stroming sessions or past similar projects to identify the
30 activities.

30
 • identifying the main tasks
• break each main task down into subtasks
• The subtasks can further be broken down into lower level tasks.

What is free float?(May 2015)

Free float is a term in stocks trading. It describes the proportion of shares of a
C411.3 BTL1
publicly traded company that is traded in the stock market.
31
What do you understand by risk transfer? Give an example. (May 2016)
Risk transfer is the underlying tenet behind insurance transactions. The purpose of
this action is to take a specific risk, which is detailed in the insurance contract, and
pass it from one party who does not wish to have this risk, the insured, to a party
C411.3 BTL1
who is willing to take on the risk for a fee, or premium, the insurer. For example,
whenever a person purchases home insurance, he is essentially paying an insurance
company to take the risk involved with owning a home.
32
Mention some of the objectives of activity planning. (May 2016)
Feasibility assessment
Resource allocation
Detailed costing C411.3 BTL1
Motivation
Coordination
33
Appraise the need for modelling precedence networks ? (NOV/Dec 2017)
This diagramming method is utilized to draw the project schedule network
C411.3 BTL1
diagrams—for example the critical path network diagram and the critical chain
34 network diagram.
Name the three estimates in PERT. (NOV/Dec 2017)

In PERT, these three estimate times are derived for each activity. This way, a range
of time is given for each activity with the most probable value, TLIKELY.

Following are further details on each estimate:

1. TOPT
C411.3 BTL1
This is the fastest time an activity can be completed. For this, the assumption is
made that all the necessary resources are available and all predecessor activities are
completed as planned.

2. TLIKELY

35 Most of the times, project managers are asked only to submit one estimate. In that

31
 case, this is the estimate that goes to the upper management.

3. TPESS

This is the maximum time required to complete an activity. In this case, it is

assumed that many things go wrong related to the activity. A lot of rework and
resource unavailability are assumed when this estimation is derived.

What are the steps involved in Activity Planning?

Ensure that the appropriate resources will be available precisely when required.
C411.3 BTL1
Avoid different activities competing for the same resources at the same time.
Produce a detailed schedules showing which staff carry out each activity.
Produce a timed cash flow forecast.
36

What are the objectives of activity planning?

Feasibility assessment
C411.3 BTL1
Resource allocation
Detailed costing
Motivation
37 Co-ordination

Define resource allocation.

What are the most effective ways of allocating resources to the project. When should C411.3 BTL1
the resources be available? The project plan allows us to investigate the relationship
38 between timescales and resource availability.

What are the three different approaches to identifying the activities?

Activity-based approach- constraints stemming from the relationships between

C411.3 BTL1
projects
Product-based approach- instructor becomes an active member of the project team
Hybrid approach- Decision support system for software project management.
39

Write short notes on WBS.

This involves identifying the main tasks required to complete a project and then C411.3 BTL1
breaking each of
40 these down into set of lower-level tasks.

Mention the five levels of WBS. C411.3 BTL1

41

32
 Project- engineering resources has been developed by TASK
Deliverables- term for the quantifiable goods or services
Components- designing the floor plane
work-packages- Models for the description of software artifacts

Tasks- Creation and distribution of organizing software

How will formulate the network model?

The first stage in creating a network model is to represent the activities and their C411.3 BTL1
interrelationships
42 as a graph. Then constructing the precedence networks.

Define Hammock activities.

Hammock activities which, in themselves, have zero duration but are assumed to C411.3 BTL1
start at the same time as the first ‘hammocked’ activity and to end at the same time
43 as the last one.
What is meant by forward pass?
The forward pass is carried out to calculate the earliest dates on which each activity
C411.3 BTL1
may be started and completed. Significance - calculation method used in Critical
44 Path Method.
What is meant by backward pass?
The second stage in the analysis of a critical path network is to carry out a backward
pass to calculate the latest date at which each activity may be started and finished
C411.3 BTL1
without delaying the end date of the project. The calculating the latest dates, we
assume that the latest finish date for the project is the same as the earliest finish
45 date- that is we wish to complete the project as early as possible.

What are the rules of activity –on-arrow rules and conventions?(Nov/Dec2011)

A project network may have only one start node

A project network may have only one end node C411.3 BTL1
A link has duration Nodes have no duration
Times moves from left to right 5)Nodes are numbered sequentially
A network may not contain loops.
46

What are the risks to business impact?

Effect of this product on company revenue?

Reasonableness of delivery deadline?
C411.3 BTL1
number of customers who will use this product
interoperability constraints
Sophistication of end users?
Costs associated with a defective product?
47

33
 Define risk assessment.
C411.3 BTL1
Using this formula
48 Risk exposure = (potential damage) * (probability of occurrence)

Define Hazard analysis.

A hazard analysis is a process used to assess risk. The results of a hazard analysis
are the C411.3 BTL1
identification of unacceptable risks and the selection of means of controlling or
eliminating them. The term is used in several engineering specialties, including
49 avionics, chemical process safety, safety engineering and food safety.

What are called “Free floats” and “interfering floats”? how are they
calculated?(May/Jun2012)
Total float is the amount of time by which an activity may be delayed without
delaying the project
Completion Caution: interpret total floats of activities carefully - all cannot be used
independently.
Free float is that part of total float which can be used without affecting floats of the
C411.3 BTL1
succeeding activities. The part of total float which is not free is called interfering
float Independent float is the amount of time which can be used without affecting
the head and the tail events.
Total Float≥ Free Float ≥ Independent Float
Head event slack = Earliest start time of the next activity – Earliest completion time
of the activity
Free float= Total float – Head event slack
50 Interfering float= Total float – Free float.

PART B
[Link] 16 Mark Questions CO Bloom
’s
Level
1
Explain various steps involved &the objectives of activity planning in
C411.3 BTL2
detail. (8) (Page. No.:126-128) (Nov – 2013)
2 Explain the activity based approach of project activities. (Page. No.:129-
131) (Dec-2014) C411.3 BTL2

3 What is project schedule? Explain the stages of project schedules. (Page. No.:128)
C411.3 BTL1
4 Explain Network planning model. Explain with an example how critical path can
be identified in precedence networks. (Page. No.:135) (16) (May - 2013) (16) C411.3 BTL3
(May - 2012),(Nov -2012)(16) (Nov -2011), (Nov/Dec 2017) (16)

34
5 Illustrate a network model. Explain rules for constructing the precedence
network. (Page. No.:135-137) (8) (Nov – 2013) (Dec-2014) (JUNE-2017) C411.3 BTL6

6 Briefly explain the steps involved in risk planning in project

C411.3 BTL2
development. (Page. No.:164) (Nov -2012)(8)
7 Define hazard. How are hazards identified and analyzed? (Refer Class notes)
C411.3 BTL4
8 Describe with an example how the effect of risk on project schedule is evaluated
using PERT. (Page. No.:167-170) (Nov-2011), (Nov/Dec 2017) (16) C411.3 BTL4

9 Explain how you will identify the major risks, & identify the strategies for
minimizing each of those risks. (Page. No.:159-160) (16) (May - 2013) (May - C411.3 BTL2
2012) (Dec-2014) (JUNE-2017)
10 Discuss the impact of risk in a project. How is risk monitoring achieved to avoid
failure in the project? (Page. No.:165-166) (June -2014) C411.3 BTL2

11 Describe the steps involved in sequencing and scheduling in activities in a

planning model. Give examples (Page. No.:134) (June – 2014) C411.3 BTL2

12 Explain the use of checklist and brainstorming in identification of risks. (Page.

No.:159) (Dec-2014) C411.3 BTL2

13 Explain the importance of forward pass in calculating the earliest dates with an
C411.3 BTL3
example. (Refer Class notes) (11) (May - 2015)
14 Explain the two important approaches used for identifying risks. (5). (Page. No.:167)
(May - 2015) C411.3 BTL2

15 What are called “Activity on arrow networks”? Explain the rules and conventions
used in drawing Activity on arrow networks. (8) . (Page. No.:146) (May - 2015) C411.3 BTL2

16 List down the important software project risks and outline the strategies used to
C411.3 BTL2
mitigate them. (Page. No.:159) (8) (May - 2015)
17 Write short notes on risk engineering. . (Page. No.:156-165) (8) (May - 2016)
C411.3 BTL2
18 Write short notes on Software Project risks and strategies for risk reduction. .
(Page. No.:160-165) (8) (May - 2016) C411.3 BTL2

19 (i) Draw a network diagram representing the following logic :

C411.3 BTL6
As the project starts, activities A and B can be performed concurrently. When A is

35
 finished, activities C and D can start. When B is finished , activities E and F can
start. When activities D and E are finished , activity G can start. The project is
complete when activities C,F and G are finished.
(ii)Appraise with an example Monte carlo simulation.

Refer notes
UNIT IV
PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL

SYLLABUS:

Framework for Management and control – Collection of data Project termination – Visualizing
progress – Cost monitoring – Earned Value Analysis- Project tracking – Change control-
Software Configuration Management – Managing contracts – Contract Management. COURSE
OBJECTIVE:

To make the students to manage and control projects.

PART A

[Link] Two Mark Questions CO Bloom’s

Level
1 Define review point.
Project review will generally take place at particular points during the life of a C411.4 BTL1
project , it is commonly known as review points.
2 Define planned expenditure.
Planned expenditure is one in which the costs increased by the project is estimated C411.4 BTL1
before project starts
3 Define revised expenditure.
Revised expenditure is made when alteration to the existing planned expenditure is C411.4 BTL1
done.
4 Define baseline budget.
The assigned value in the original budgeted cost for the item is known as the C411.4 BTL1
baseline budget.
5 Define earned value. Give the Formula.(Nov -2013)
The total value credited to a project at any point is known as the earned value Earned C411.4 BTL1
value = Percentage completed X Budget (Cost or Man – Hour Terms)
6 Define crashing.
C411.4 BTL1
Adding more resources to a project to shorten its duration is called crashing

36
7 Define time/cost trade off.
Timescales can also be shortened by buying more [Link] rule is called C411.4 BTL1
time/cost trade off
Define functional point. (June-2017)
A functional point is a unit of measurement to express the amount of business C411.4 BTL1
8 functionality an information system provides to a user
Define contract management. (MAY -2010)
Contract management is the management of contracts made with customers, C411.4 BTL1
9 vendors, partners or employees
What is meant by setting checkpoints? (NOV -2012)
Setting checkpoints is essential to set a series of checkpoints in the initial activity C411.4 BTL1
10 plan
Define control points
Project review will generally take place at particular points during the life of a C411.4 BTL1
11 project , it is commonly known as review points.
List the important role of configuration Librarian (MAY -2012)
Configuration management (CM) is a process for establishing and maintaining
C411.4 BTL4
consistency of a product's performance, functional and physical attributes with its
12 requirements, design and operational information throughout its life.
What are the ways used to reporting?
Oral or written
Formal or informal C411.4 BTL1

13 Regular or adhoc
What are the two factors used to progress of project? (MAY -2012)
Size of the project C411.4 BTL2
14 Degree of risk of the project
What are the colors used in traffic light color?
Green
Amber C411.4 BTL2

15 Red
Mention the advantages of function point analysis. (NOV – 2011) (JUNE-2017)
Function Point Analysis has been proven as a reliable method for measuring the
size of computer software.
In addition to measuring output, Function Point Analysis is extremely useful in C411.4 BTL2
estimating projects, managing change of scope, measuring productivity, and
16 communicating functional requirements.
What are the two methods used to progress of project in picture(MAY -2010)
Gantt charts
Timeline charts C411.4 BTL2

17
Write the uses of ball charts.
Ball chart is used to indicate whether the expected target is met or not C411.4 BTL2
18

37
 What are the information available in circles?
Original scheduled dates C411.4 BTL2
19 Recent target dates
What are the Common methods for assigning earned value in s/w projects?
(NOV - 2011)
The 0/100 technique
The 50/50 technique C411.4 BTL2
The milestone technique
20
Define Bespoke. (NOV -2012)
It refers to custom services or products.
bespoke software is software customized for a specific purpose
bespoke is used in the computer industry is in reference to websites C411.4 BTL1
Bespoke programs may include custom accounting software for a certain
company or a network monitoring tool for a specific network
21
What are the advantages & disadvantages of fixed price contracts? (Nov -2013)
Advantages
Fixed pricing is intended to attract more customers and clients because it
offers them assurances.
The client to know how much he will pay prior to agreement.
customers get used to your pricing and you have less risk of offending them
by fluctuating prices over time.
Sales forecasting and profit estimates are also simpler when you know your
price point.
Disadvantages C411.4 BTL2
It doesn't allow for adjustments if you get into product or service delivery
and realize your cost basis is higher than expected.
The customer pays the established price regardless of changes in your time
or costs.
This may mean you undercharge a customer due to a lot of additional work
hours beyond those estimated in the price quote.
Fixed pricing also doesn't allow for adjustments over time to sell off extra
inventory or available seats for entertainme
22

38
 Draw the project control cycle model(May -2013)

C411.4 BTL2

23
What are the levels of prioritizing monitoring(May -2013)
Priority list of activity to monitor
Critical activities
Non-critical activities with no free float C411.4 BTL2
Non-critical activities with less than a specified float
High risk activities
Activities with critical resources
24
State earned value analysis. (June – 2014)
Earned value analysis is based on assigning a value to each task or work package
based on the original expenditure forecasts. C411.4 BTL4
The assigned value is the original budgeted cost for the item and is known as the
baseline budget or budgeted cost of work scheduled (BCWS).
25
What is slip chart? Mention its use. (Dec-2014)
The slip chart is a very similar alternative favored by some project managers who
believe it provides a more striking visual indication of those activities that are not
progressing to schedule
– the more the slip line bends, the greater the variation from the plan. C411.4 BTL1
Adv:
It indicates the project variation from the plan by slip line bends.
It provides a more striking visual indication of those activities that
progressing as per schedule.
26
What is time and material contract.(Dec-2014)
With this type of contract, the customer is charged at a fixed rate per unit of effort,
for example, per staff-hour. At the start of the project, the supplier normally
provides an estimate of the overall cost based on their current understanding of the C411.4
BTL1
customer’s requirements.
27

39
 Define Scope Creep. (May-2015)
Scope creep (also called requirement creep, function creep and feature creep) in
project management refers to uncontrolled changes or continuous growth in a
C411.4 BTL1
project's scope. This can occur when the scope of a project is not properly defined,
documented, or controlled. It is generally considered harmful.
28
Differentiate Budgeted cost of work scheduled and Budgeted cost of work
performed. (May-2015)
BCWP is contrasted to Budgeted Cost for Work Scheduled (BCWS) also called
Planned Value (PV). BCWS is the sum of the budget items for all work packages,
planning packages, and overhead which was scheduled for the period, rather than
the cost of the work actually performed. C411.4 BTL4
Budgeted Cost for Work Performed (BCWP) also called Earned Value (EV), is the
budgeted cost of work that has actually been performed in carrying out a
scheduled task during a specific time period. BCWP is a term in Earned value
management approach to Project management.
29
How are proposals evaluated? (May-2016)
Proposals are evaluated based on
Clarity of the Proposal
Scientific significance of the proposal objectives C411.4 BTL4
Sound research methodology
Applicability
30 Budget estimation
Elucidate the stages of contract placement. (May-2016)
Requirements analysis
Evaluation C411.4 BTL2
Invitation to tender
31
Evaluation of proposals
What is change control ?(NOV/Dec 2017)
Change control is a systematic approach to managing all changes made to a product
or system. The purpose is to ensure that no unnecessary changes are made, that all C411.4
BTL1
changes are documented, that services are not unnecessarily disrupted and that
resources are used efficiently. Within information technology (IT), change control
32 is a component of change management.
Define outsourcing? (NOV/Dec 2017)
Outsourcing is a business practice in which a company hires another company or an
individual to perform tasks, handle operations or provide services that are either C411.4
BTL1
usually executed or had previously been done by the company's own employees.
33
What is BCWS?
The budgeted cost of tasks as scheduled in the project plan, based on the costs of
resources assigned to these tasks, plus any fixed costs associated with the tasks, C411.4
BTL1
called
“The Budgeted cost of work Schedule” BCWS. It is the baseline cost up to the
34 status date you choose

40
 What is ACWP and BCWP?
The actual cost required to complete all or some portion of the tasks, up to the status
date. This is to the actual cost of work performed (ACWP). The value of the work C411.4
BTL1
earned by the work performed and is called the budgeted cost of work performed
(BCWP).
35
What is cost variance (CV) and schedule variance (SV)?
Cost variance is the difference between a task’s estimated cost and its actual cost.
CV= BCWP -ACWP. C411.4
BTL1
Schedule variance (SV) is the difference between the current progress and the
schedule progress of a task in terms of cost. SV = BCWP -BCWS.
36
What is cost performance index (CPI) and schedule performance index (SPI)?
Cost performance index is the ratio of budgeted costs to actual costs. CPI= BCWP
ACWP Schedule performance index is the ratio of work performed to work C411.4
BTL1
schedule SPI= BCWP/BCWS
37
Who is the client and supplies in contract management?
Client is the customer who asks for a contract to work for his project.
Client may be customer or sometimes company, which is the client to C411.4
BTL2
supplier (controller). Supplier, is one who supplies goods and services may be
38
contractor/company owner
What is form of agreement in contract management?
Form of agreement in contract management written, and subjected to legal
consideration. C411.4
BTL2

39
What are goods and sources to be supplied in contract?
Goods are equipment and software. Sources to be provided are: training,
documentation, installation, conversion at existing files, maintenance C411.4
BTL2
agreements ,
transitional insurance arrangements
40
What is the environment of contract?
Environments are physical equipment, accommodation, electrical supply etc. For
Software: OS platforms, hardware etc C411.4
BTL1

41

41
 What is standard in contract?
Standard: ISO 12207 standard relating to the software life cycle and its
documents. ISO 12207 standard provides for the customer to have access to C411.4
BTL1
quality documentation. ISO 9000 series for progress meetings and progress
information.
42
What are the different types of contracts?
a) Fixed price contracts.
b) Time and materials contracts. C411.4
BTL1
c) Fixed price per delivered unit contracts
43
Define Gantt Chart
One of the simplest and oldest techniques project progress is the Gantt -chart this is
essentially an activity bar chart indicating scheduled activity dates and duration C411.4
BTL1
frequently augmented with activity floats.
44
What is cost monitoring?
Cost Monitoring is monitoring expenditure for the project. Project costs may be C411.4
BTL1
45 monitored by a company’s accounting system.
Define slip chart.
A slip chart is a very alternative favored by some project managers who believe it
provides a more Striking visual indication of those activities that are not progressing C411.4 BTL1
to schedule the more the slip line bends, the greater variation from the plan
46
What is meant by fixed price contracts?
Involve a fixed total price for a well-defined product or service
 may include incentives for meeting certain performance objectives or penalties if C411.4
BTL1
those
47  objectives are not met.
Where to use time and materials contract?
A time and materials contract may be used only when it is not possible at
the time of placing the contract to estimate accurately the extent or duration C411.4
BTL2
of the work or to anticipate costs with any reasonable degree of confidence.
48
What are the services to be provided in contracts?
Training Documentation Installation Conversion of existing files
C411.4
Maintenance agreements Transitional insurance agreements. BTL2

49

42
 Mention the advantages and disadvantages of fixed price contracts.
Advantages: Known customer expenditure Supply motivation Higher prices to
allow for contingency C411.4
BTL2
Disadvantages: Difficulties in modifying requirements Upward pressure on the
50 cost of changes Threat to system quality.

PART B

[Link] 16 Mark Questions CO Bloom’s

Level
1 Explain in detail about the process of prioritizing monitoring give ex. . (Page.
C411.4 BTL2
No.:221) (Nov -2012) (8) (Nov – 2013) (June – 2014)(16)
2 What are the different types of visualizing progress explain in detail? . (Page.
No.:212-213) (8) (May - 2013), (Nov -2012)(8) C411.4 BTL1

3 Explain how to delayed projects can be brought back on track. . (Page. No.:222)
C411.4 BTL2
(8) (May - 2013)
4 Explain Assessing the state of project.(Refer Class Notes) (Nov -2011)(8) C411.4 BTL4
5 Explain Controlling changes to a project requirement. (Page. No.:224-225) (Nov -
C411.4 BTL5
2011), (Nov/DEC 2017) (8)
6 Discuss the change control procedures in detail. (Page. No.:224-225) (8) (May -
2012) (Dec-2014) (June-2017) C411.4 BTL2

7 Explain the steps in managing contract under ISO 12207 approach. (Page. No.:246)
C411.4 BTL2
(8) (May - 2013)
Explain the different stages in contract placement. (Page. No.:239-241) (Nov -
C411.4 BTL2
8 2011)(16) (16) (Nov – 2013)
Explain the earned value analysis methods. (Refer Class Notes) (Dec-2014) (May
C411.4 BTL2
9 – 2016), (Nov/DEC 2017)
Explain the advantages & disadvantages of fixed price contract model. (Page.
No.:234) C411.4 BTL2
10
Explain the types of contract with example. (Page. No.:234) (Nov -2012)(16) C411.4 BTL2
11
List down the terms of contract & explain in detail. (Page. No.:243-245) (16)(
C411.4 BTL2
May - 2012) (16) (Nov – 2013) (June – 2014) (Dec-2014)
12
Outline the use of Gantt charts and timeline charts in visualizing project progress
C411.4 BTL4
with suitable diagrams. (Page. No.:212-214) (8) (May – 2015)
13
Explain Software Configuration Management (Page. No.:226-228), (Nov/DEC
C411.4 BTL2
14 2017) (JUNE-2017)
Explain Framework for Project Management and control (Page. No.:202-204)
C411.4 BTL2
15 (JUNE-2017)

43
 UNIT V

STAFFING IN SOFTWARE PROJECTS

Managing people – Organizational behavior – Best methods of staff selection – Motivation –
The Oldham-Hackman job characteristic model – Ethical and Programmed concerns – Working
in teams – Decision making – Team structures – Virtual teams – Communications genres –
Communication plans.

COURSE OBJECTIVE:
To make the students to understand how to manage people in an organization.

PART A
[Link] Two Mark Questions CO Bloom’s
Level
1 What is the general recruitment process approach?
Create a job specification
Create a job holder profile
Obtain applications
Examine CVs C411.5 BTL1
Interviews
Other Procedures

2 What are the types of motivation? (NOV -2010)

Intrinsic motivation
Extrinsic motivation C411.5 BTL1

3 Define intrinsic motivation.

Intrinsic motivation refers to motivation that is driven by an interest or enjoyment in
C411.5 BTL1
the task itself and exists within the individual rather than relying on any external
pressure
4 What are the two factors about a job? (MAY -2010)
Motivators
C411.5 BTL1
Hygiene

5 What are the three variables introduced by Vroom?

Valence
Expectancy C411.5 BTL1
Instrumentality

44
6 What are the factors that made the job meaningful?
Skill variety
Task Identity
Task Significance C411.5 BTL1
Autonomy
Feedback

7 Define Stress.(NOV -2012)

Stress is any circumstance that places special physical and/or psychological
demands on a person such that an unusual or out-of-the-ordinary response occurs.
The circumstance – the stressor- can be a final exam, a financial problem, or
a difficult boss. C411.5 BTL1
The response- the stress response- may be a physiological or psychological
manifestation

What are the three methods are adopted for improving motivation?
Set specific goals
Provide feedback C411.5 BTL1
Consider job design
8
What are the two measures used to enhance job design?
Job enlargement
Job enrichment C411.5 BTL1

9
What are stages to become a team?(NOV -2011)
Forming
Storming
Norming C411.5 BTL1
Performing
Adjourning
10
Define risky shift. (NOV -2010)
People in groups often make decisions that carry more than where they have to
C411.5 BTL1
make the decision on their own
11
Define leadership.
Leadership is the ability to influence others in a group to act in a particular way
C411.5 BTL2
inorder to achieve group goals.
12
What is masslow’s hierarchy needs? (MAY -2012) (MAY -2015)
Maslow's Hierarchy is the hierarchy of human behavior that is often used for
achieving management objectives based on psychological and physiological needs. C411.5 BTL2
How does this relate to project management? Read on to find out.
13

45
 What do you understand by Egoless Programming? (MAY -2012)
The idea is that programmers must fight the natural tendency to treat their programs
as part of themselves, and therefore to reject all criticism. Rather, they should do
their best to treat their designs & implementations as objects independent of C411.5 BTL2
themselves, and to view criticism dispassionately on its merits. It's a spiritual
discipline that we all fall short of, but that's worth attempting.
14
Give the difference between personal & organizational stress. (NOV -2011)
Organizational stressors- white-collar stressors are usually related to the worker’s
role in the organization. The most common organizational stressors are failure in
role-sending and role-taking.
Role conflict-occurs when role demands are in conflict C411.5 BTL5
Intra sender conflict
Inter sender conflict
Inter role conflict
15
What are the factors to be considered in the Oldham-Hackman job
characteristic model?
Skill variety- one or more of the offerings available from a variety of organizations
 Task variety- enhance Key words Task significance- autonomy, and feedback C411.5 BTL1
from the job Autonomy- for Consulting & Software Companies Feedback-
submit your comments and suggestions
16
List the steps involved in selecting the right person for the job. (NOV -2012)
Interview process can be a tremendous help if you use it effectively.
Conducting a thorough job analysis
Determining your need to hire a new employee
Writing a job description and job specification for the position based on the job
analysis. Checking references. C411.5 BTL4
Hiring the best person for the job.
Interviewing the most qualified candidates for the position, based on the job's
description and specification.
17
What is start-to-start relationship (SS)?
It means that one activity can start if and only if another activity starts. C411.5 BTL1
18
What are the uses of Nominal group techniques?
Problem solving
Creative decision making C411.5 BTL1
Ideas generating situations
19

46
 Define Acceptance. (Nov -2013)(June – 2014)
Acceptance criteria will relate to what you must do to demonstrate that the
expected quality has been achieved.
For example, the programme manager might ask for a set of interoperability test C411.5 BTL1
results to demonstrate that interoperability standards have been adhered to, or they
might ask for a report from an external evaluator that assesses fitness for purpose.
20
What is forming? (Nov -2013)
The first stage encompasses the transition from a group of individuals to a
functioning team. During this time, members build confidence and trust in each
other as well as their leader. In this period of instability, you may initially notice:
Frequent complaining about the organization C411.5 BTL1
Inability to focus discussions on relevant tasks
Silence in meetings
Little or no interaction between members
21
List some obstacles for good group decision making? (May -2013)
it is time consuming;
it can stir up conflicts within the group;
and decisions can be unduly influenced by dominant personalities.
Experiments have shown that people will modify their personal judgements C411.5 BTL4
to conform to group norms.
People in groups sometimes make decisions that carry more risk than when
they make the decision on their own. This is known as the riskyshift.

22
Write down four selection criteria for SCM tools. (May -2013)
Multi user support
Scalability
Easy to setup C411.5 BTL1
Process management
23
What is Herzberg’s two factor theory(Dec-2014)
Research into job satisfaction by Herzberg and his associates found two sets of
factors about a job.
Hygiene or maintenance factors
Which can make you dissatisfied if they are not right, for example, the level of pay
or the working conditions? C411.5 BTL1
Motivators
Which make you feel that the job is worthwhile, like a sense of achievement or the
challenge of the work itself.
24

47
 Write the three basic objectives of organizational structure (June – 2014)
Functional
Matrix
Projected C411.5 BTL1
Combination of the above
25
What do you understand by virtual team? (Dec-2014)
A virtual team is a group of individuals who work across time, space and
C411.5 BTL1
organizational boundaries with links strengthened by webs of communication
26 technology.
Mention the important causes of stress encountered in projects. (May- 2016)
1. Unrealistic timeline
2. Working in a matrix system which PM does not have the full control of the
resources
3. Lack of resources – human and/or equipment C411.5 BTL4
4. Proliferation of virtual teams and cross cultural influences
5. Inter-group conflict in organization
6. Project environment
27
How would you select a right person for a job? (May- 2016)
Does the candidate have the practical experience that you want/need to grow
your team and your business?
Does he/she have the specific strengths that you need for this particular position? C411.5 BTL4
Will the candidate fit the culture of the organization and play well with others?
28
Define expectancy theory of motivation. (May- 2016)
Expectancy theory (or expectancy theory of motivation) proposes an individual
will behave or act in a certain way because they are motivated to select a specific C411.5 BTL1
behavior over other behaviors due to what they expect the result of that selected
29 behavior will be.
What is motivation? (NOV/Dec 2017)

Motivation is the word derived from the word ’motive’ which means needs, desires,
wants or drives within the individuals. It is the process of stimulating people to
actions to accomplish the goals. In the work goal context the psychological factors
stimulating the people’s behaviour can be -
C411.5
BTL1
 desire for money
 success
 recognition
 job-satisfaction
 team work, etc

30

48
 Outline the strategies for risk reduction ? (NOV/Dec 2017)
Risk mitigation strategies are a term to describe different ways of dealing with risks.
These strategies include risk avoidance, transfer, elimination, sharing and reducing to C411.5
BTL2
an acceptable level. We have to keep in mind that there are always some risks and that’s
why the fundamental question is not how to eliminate the risk but how to deal with the risk
31 in a way to reduce to the minimum level the impact or the probability of occurrence.
Mention the methods of improving motivation.
Set specific tasks, provide feedback, and consider job design.
C411.5
BTL1

32
How to becoming a team?
Forming- The members of the groups get to know each other and try to set up
some ground rules about behaviour Storming- one nice packaging, all for C411.5
BTL2
publishing need Norming- Asset Management is a powerful and complete asset
management solution Performing- Optimize project delivery across the software
33 Adjourning - added a final stage
Define team worker.
Skilled at creating a good working environment to manage all the people who are
C411.5
Developing Projects, team proposed to extend these concepts. BTL1

34
What are the two categorized for Decision making?
Structured- generally relatively simple, routine Decisions where rules can be
C411.5
applied in a fairly straightforward way Unstructured- more complex and often BTL1
requiring a degree of creativity
35
Mention some mental obstacles to good decision making.(May/Jun2013)
Faculty heuristics- is an innovative effort by students and members of staff
C411.5
escalation of commitment- behavior, sunk cost, risk propensity, risk perception, BTL2
information overhead- developers analyze, design, and develop software
36
What are the measures to reduce the disadvantages of group Decision making?
The cooperation of a number of experts. The problem is presented to the experts.
C411.5
The experts record their recommendations. These recommendations are collated BTL2
and reproduced. The collect responses are re circulated.
37
What are the functions of leader?
Goal-setter Planner, Executive, Expert, Spokesman, Controller of internal
C411.5
relationships, Administrator of rewards and punishments, Arbitrator and BTL1
mediator, Role model, Symbol of the group, and Father figure.
38

49
 What are the leadership models/theories?
Trait theory, Leadership styles based on authority, Managerial grid,
C411.5
Continuum approach, Feidler’s contingency model, and Path-goal theory. BTL2

39
What are the leadership styles?
Directive autocrat,- This manager makes all the Decisions unilaterally and manages
Learning to Lead permissive autocrat- Concepts using simple and precise free C411.5
BTL2
downloadable directive democrat- Management Styles Permissive Democrat
Directive Autocrat document permissive democrat- Makes decisions participative
40 subordinates have latitude
List out the five process of Project Management Institute [PMI]. C411.5
Initiating Planning Executing Controlling Closing BTL1
41
What is bespoke system.(Nov/Dec2012)
Bespoke is a term used in the United Kingdom and elsewhere for an individually- or
custom-made product or service. Traditionally applied to custom-tailored clothing,
the term has been extended to information technology, especially for software C411.5
BTL1
consulting services. Typically, software consulting company’s offer packaged
(already invented and generally applicable) software and bespoke software for
client needs that can't be satisfied by packaged software. In the U.S., bespoke
42 software is often called customer custom-designed software.
what is the use of checkpoints in monitoring.(Nov/Dec2012)
Based on regular time intervals Can be weekly or monthly or quarterly Depend
C411.5
on what to check and how to Based on a particular event At the end of each BTL2
activity In the middle of a critical activity Should be set before the plan was
43 published Make sure everyone knows when and what the check points are
What are the objectives of managing people and organizing teams?(Apr2014)
Identify some of the factors that influence people’s behavior in project. Select and
C411.5
induct new staff into a project. Increase staff motivation. Improve group BTL2
working. Use the most appropriate leadership styles.
44
What are the three basic objectives of organizational behavior.(Apr2014)
To select the best people for the job. To instruct them in the best methods. To
C411.5
give instructions in the form of higher wages to the best workers. BTL2

45
What are the advantages of functional team format?
Complete the project on time Complete the project within budget. Meet
C411.5
requirements. Meet expectations BTL2

46

50
 List out the categories of decisions.
Planning Control Maintenance
C411.5
BTL1

47
Write the five basic stages of development.
Defining the product Documenting plan Estimating cost Estimating effort.
C411.5
BTL1

48
List out the stages of team formation model.
Forming- The members of the groups get to know each other and try to set up some
C411.5
ground rules about behavior Storming- one nice packaging, all for publishing BTL2
need Forming- Asset Management is a powerful and complete asset management
49 solution Performing- Optimize project delivery across the software
List out the methods for improving motivation.
Set specific tasks provide feedback Consider job design.
C411.5
BTL2

50

PART B

[Link] 16 Mark Questions CO Bloom’s

Level
1 Explain the Oldham-hackman job characteristic model. Give the Vroom’s
Expectancy theory. (Page. No.:258) (8) (May – 2012) (16) (Nov – 2013) (Dec- C411.5 BTL2
2014) (June-2017), (Nov/DEC 2017)
2 Explain in detail about decision making. With an example the strength of the team.
C411.5 BTL2
(Page. No.:268-270) (8) (May - 2013) , (Nov - 2012)(June – 2014)
3 Explain how new staff can be selected and inducted into a project. (Page. No.:253-
C411.5 BTL2
254) (8) (May - 2013) (Nov -2011)(8)(June – 2014)(June-2017)
4 Explain to improve group performance. (Page. No.:265) (Nov -2011)(8) C411.5 BTL2
5 List the factors that are involved in making a team. Explain the characteristics.
(Page. No.:274-280) (8) (Nov - 2012) (JUNE-2017), (Nov/DEC 2017) C411.5 BTL1

6 Discuss in detail about the organizational structures. (Page. No.:273-275) (8) (May
- 2013) (16- May – 2012)(16) (Nov - 2012) (Dec-2014) C411.5 BTL2

Define motivation. Explain the different models of motivation. (Page. No.:255-257)

(8) (May - 2013) (Dec-2014) C411.5 BTL2
7
Write a note on leadership styles. (Page. No.:284-285) (Nov -2011)(8) C411.5 BTL2
8

51
 Write notes on stress handled in development process. (Page. No.:259) (8) (May –
C411.5 BTL2
9 2012)
10 Give a brief note on health and safety issues. (Page. No.:260) (Dec-2014) C411.5 BTL2
Discuss leadership models .Explain function of a leader with an example. (Page.
C411.5 BTL3
No.:284-285) (16) (Nov – 2013)
11
Discuss the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs with an example. (Refer class notes)
C411.5 BTL3
12 (June – 2014)(8)
Explain the importance of working together as a team and the various aspects of
C411.5 BTL2
team development. (Page. No.:265-268) (8) (May - 2015)
13
14 Write short note on decision making. (Page. No.:268-270) (8) (May - 2016) C411.5 BTL2
15 Write short notes on Team Structure and Virtual Team in a Software Project. (Refer
C411.5 BTL2
class notes)

52