1.
Key Theorems and Concepts
Linear Pair Theorem (LPT)
● Theorem: If two angles form a linear pair, then they are supplementary.
● Proof Outline:
○ Given: ∠1 and ∠2 form a linear pair.
○ To Prove: ∠1 and ∠2 are supplementary.
○ Key Steps:
1. ∠1 and ∠2 form a linear pair (Given).
2. ∠1 + ∠2 = 180° (Definition of a linear pair).
3. Therefore, ∠1 and ∠2 are supplementary (Definition of supplementary
angles).
Supplements Theorem (ST)
● Theorem 1 (ST-a): If two angles are supplements of the same angle, then they are
congruent.
● Theorem 2 (ST-b): If two angles are congruent, their supplements are also congruent.
● Proof Outline (ST-a):
○ Given: ∠1 and ∠2 are supplementary, and ∠3 and ∠2 are supplementary.
○ To Prove: ∠1 ≅ ∠3.
○ Key Steps:
1. m∠1 + m∠2 = 180° (Definition of supplementary angles).
2. m∠3 + m∠2 = 180°.
3. m∠1 = m∠3 (Substitution and algebra).
4. ∴ ∠1 ≅ ∠3.
Complements Theorem (CT)
● Theorem 1 (CT-a): Complements of congruent angles are congruent.
● Theorem 2 (CT-b): If two angles are complements of the same angle, they are
congruent.
● Proof Outline (CT-a):
○ Given: ∠1 and ∠3 are complementary, and ∠2 and ∠4 are complementary.
Also, ∠1 ≅ ∠2.
○ To Prove: ∠3 ≅ ∠4.
○ Key Steps:
1. m∠1 + m∠3 = 90° (Definition of complementary angles).
2. m∠2 + m∠4 = 90°.
3. Since ∠1 ≅ ∠2, m∠1 = m∠2.
4. Therefore, m∠3 = m∠4, and ∴ ∠3 ≅ ∠4.
Vertical Angles Theorem (VAT)
● Theorem: Vertical angles are congruent.
● Proof Outline:
○ Given: ∠1 and ∠2 are vertical angles.
○ To Prove: ∠1 ≅ ∠2.
○ Key Steps:
1. ∠1 and ∠2 are vertical angles (Given).
2. The lines forming ∠1 and ∠2 are intersecting (Definition of vertical
angles).
3. ∠1 and ∠3 are a linear pair, and ∠2 and ∠3 are a linear pair (Definition
of linear pairs).
4. From the Linear Pair Theorem, ∠1 and ∠2 are supplementary to the
same angle (∠3).
5. Therefore, ∠1 ≅ ∠2 (Supplements Theorem).
2. Important Definitions
● Adjacent Angles: Non-overlapping angles with a common side.
● Linear Pair: Two adjacent angles whose non-common sides form a straight angle.
● Supplementary Angles: Two angles whose measures add up to 180°.
● Congruent Angles: Two angles that have the same measure.
● Vertical Angles: A pair of non-adjacent angles formed by two intersecting lines.
3. Suggested Steps for Proving Theorems
1. Understand the Theorem: Identify the hypothesis (given) and the conclusion (what
needs to be proved).
2. Restate the Theorem: Use "if-then" form, if necessary.
3. Draw the Figure: Represent the theorem with a labeled diagram.
4. Develop a Plan: Outline how to proceed with the proof.
5. Review: Ensure each statement logically follows from the previous ones.
4. Practice Problems
● Complete the following proofs:
1. Linear Pair Theorem: Given ∠1 and ∠2 form a linear pair, prove that ∠1 and
∠2 are supplementary.
2. Supplements Theorem: Given ∠1 and ∠2 are supplementary, and ∠3 and
∠2 are supplementary, prove that ∠1 ≅ ∠3.
3. Complements Theorem: Given ∠1 and ∠3 are complementary, and ∠2 and
∠4 are complementary, and ∠1 ≅ ∠2, prove that ∠3 ≅ ∠4.
4. Vertical Angles Theorem: Given ∠1 and ∠2 are vertical angles, prove that ∠1
≅ ∠2.