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Number Problems 18 Php 20,000 Example 2 Mixtures

Principles in Number Problems separated into There are two numbers whose sum is 50. Three times the Principles in Mixture Problems
X and 20,000 – x
two first is 5 more than twice the second. What are the numbers? The easiest way to solve a mixture problem is to draw a
Let x be the first number and y be the second number, investments rectangle or square which will illustrate the content of the
19 Distance mixture.
First number is twice the other: x = 2y traveled in 3 3x
First number is five more than thrice the other: x = 3y + 5 hours at x mph
First number is six less than half the other: x = y/2 – 6 20 at x mph (40 65% 100%
35% alcohol
The sum of their squares is 8: 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 8 minutes = 2/3 2x/3 gasoline mixture

The cube of their difference is 3: (𝑥 − 𝑦)3 = 3 hour)

The sum of the two numbers is 15: x + y = 15 21 Sum of a number Time, Rate, and Distance 10 L 25 L
X + 20 15 L
and 20 Time x Rate = Distance
Basic Algebraic Expressions 22 Product of a First Example 1
Statement Algebra 3x Object A mixture containing 6% boric acid is to be mixed with
number and 3
1 Twice as much 23 Quotient of a Second 2 quarts of a mixture which is 15% boric acid in order to
2x x/8 obtain a solution which is 12% boric acid. How much of the
as the unknown number and 8 Object
2 Two less than 24 Four times as 6% solution must be used?
X–2 4x
the unknown much Note: You should fill in the appropriate information from
3 Five more than 25 Three is four each problem. Rate is in miles per hour (mph) and time is in
X+5
the unknown more than a 3=x+4 hours. Distance will therefore be in miles. The basic
4 Three more than number relationship is time multiplied by rate equals distance.
twice the 2x + 3
unknown FACTS TO REMEMBER Example 1
5 A number A freight train starts from Los Angeles and heads for Example 2
X–7 1. "Times as much" means multiply.
decreased by 7 Chicago at 40 mph. Two hours later a passenger train leaves A farmer wants to mix milk containing 3% butterfat with
2. "More than" means add.
6 Ten decreased the same station for Chicago traveling at 60 mph. How long cream containing 30% butterfat to obtain 900 gallons (gal) of
10 – x 3. "Decreased by" means subtract. milk which is 8% butterfat. How much of each must he use?
by the unknown will it be before the passenger train overtakes the freight
4. "Increased by" means add.
7 Sheri's age (x) 4 train?
X+4 5. "Separate 28 into two parts" means find two
years from now
numbers whose sum is 28.
8 Dan's age (x) 10
X – 10 6. "Percent of" means multiply.
years ago
7. "Is, was, will be" become the equals sign (=) in
9 Number of cents
25x algebra. Age Problems
in x quarters
8. If 7 exceeds 2 by 5, then 7 - 2 = S. "Exceeds" Example 2 Principles in Age Problems
10 Number of cents The difference of the ages of two persons is constant.
10(2x) becomes a minus sign (-), and "by" becomes an A car leaves San Francisco for Los Angeles traveling an
in 2x dimes
11 Number of cents equals sign (=). average of 70 mph. At the same time, another car leaves Los
5(x + 5) Angeles for San Francisco traveling 60 mph. If it is 520 miles If x is the age of Peter now:
in x + 5 nickels 9. No unit labels such as feet, degrees, and dollars are
between San Francisco and Los Angeles, how long before the His age 5 years ago is x – 5
12 Separate 17 into used in equations. In this book we have left these
X & 17 – x two cars meet, if each maintains their average speed? His age 7 years hence is x + 7
two parts labels off the answers as well. Just refer to the "Let
13 Distance x = “ statement to find the unit label for the answer.
traveled in x
50x Example 1
hours at
50 mph There are two numbers whose sum is 50. Three times the
14 Two consecutive first is 5 more than twice the second. What are the numbers? Example 1
X&x+1 Example 3
integers Two planes leave New York at 10 A.M., one heading for Mary's father is four times as old as Mary. Five years ago he
15 Two consecutive Europe at 600 mph and one heading in the opposite direction was seven times as old. How old is each now?
X&x+2
even integers at 150 mph. At what time will they be
16 Two consecutive 900 miles apart? How far has each traveled?
X&x+2
odd integers
17 Interest on x
dollars for 1 0.05x
year at 5 percent
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Example 2 The probability of happening of two or more independent Practice Problems

Abigail is 6 years older than Jonathan. Six years ago she If the minute hand moves a distance x, the hour hand moves events is the product of their individual properties. 1. There is a number such that three times the
was twice as old as him. How old is each now? a distance of x/12. number minus 6 is equal to 45. Find the number.
𝑃 = 𝑃1 𝑥 𝑃2 𝑥 𝑃3 𝑥 … … Answer: 17
In 12 hours, the minute – hand and the hour – hand of the
clock overlap each other for 11 times (not 12 times). So in one Two or more events are said to be Mutually Exclusive if it is 2. The sum of two numbers is 41. The larger number
day, they will be together 22 times. impossible for more than one of them to happen in a single is 1 less than twice the smaller number. Find the
trial.
numbers.
Work Problems Each five – minute mark subtends an angle of 30° from the
Answer: 14, 27
Principles in Work Problems center of the clock. The probability that some one, two or more mutually
exclusive events to happen is the sum of their individual
Work = Rate x time Example 1 probabilities. 3. Separate 90 into two parts so that one part is four
1 What time after 7:00 o’clock will the hands of a continuously times the other part.
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 = Answer: 18, 72
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 driven clock are together? 𝑃 = 𝑃1 + 𝑃2 + 𝑃3 + ⋯

Total Work done by two people: Example 1 4. The sum of three consecutive integers is 54. Find
A die is rolled, find the probability that an even number is the integers.
1 1 obtained. Answer: 17, 18, 19
+ =1
𝑥 𝑦
Example 1 Example 2 5. There are two numbers whose sum is 53. Three
Bob can dig a ditch in 4 hours. John can dig the same ditch in What time between 2 and 3 o’clock will the angle between the times the smaller number is equal to 19 more than
3 hours. How long would it take them to dig it together? hands of the clock be bisected by the line connecting the Example 2 the larger number. What are the numbers?
center of the clock and the 3 o’clock mark? A card is drawn at random from a deck of cards. Find the
Answer: 18, 35
probability of getting the 3 of diamonds.
6. Sarah leaves Seattle for New York in her car,
Principles in Probability averaging 80 mph across open country. One hour
Example 2 Probability is the likelihood that an event will occur later a plane leaves Seattle for New York following
If John can type a paper in 5 hours and together he and Jim expressed as the ratio of the number of favorable outcomes the same route and flying 400 mph. How long will
can type it in 2 hours, how long would it take Jim to type the in the set of outcomes divided by the total number of possible it be before the plane overtakes the car?
same paper alone? outcomes. Answer: 0.25 hour

Single Event 7. A train averaging 50 mph leaves San Francisco at I

P.M. for Los Angeles 440 miles away. At the same
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 time a second train leaves Los Angeles headed for
𝑃=
Clock Problems 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠. San Francisco on the same track and traveling at an
Principles in Clock Problems average rate of 60 mph. At what times does the
ℎ
accident occur?
Probability of success: 𝑝 = Answer: 5 P.M.
ℎ+𝑓
𝑓
Probability of failure: 𝑝 =
ℎ+𝑓
12 x 8. Mr. Kasberg rides his bike at 6 mph to the bus
11 1 station. He then rides the bus to work, averaging
Multiple Events:
30° 30 mph. If he spends 20 minutes less time on the
10 2 bus than on the bike, and the distance from his
a.) Dependent Events
Two or more events are said to be dependent if the happening house to work is 26 miles, what is the distance
9 3 of one affects the probability of the happening of others. from his house to the bus station?
x/12 Answer: 6 miles
8 b.) Independent Events
4 Two or more events are said to be independent if the 9. Two planes leave Kansas City at 1 P.M. Plane A
7 5 happening of one does not affect the probability of the heads east at 450 mph and plane B heads due west
6 happening of the others. at 600 mph. How long will it be before the planes
are 2100 miles apar?
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Answer: 2 hours 16. A man is four times as old as his son. In 3 years, the catalog them in 6 hours. How long would it take if
father will be three times as old as his son. How old they all worked together?
10. Doom town is 200 miles due west of Sagebrush, is each now? Answer: 1 11/13
and Joshua is due west of Doom town. At 9 A.M. Mr. Answer: 6 & 24
Archer leaves Sagebrush for Joshua. At I P.M. Mr. 25. One machine can complete a job in 10 minutes. If
Sassoon leaves Doom town for Joshua. If Mr. 17. Abigail is 8 years older than Cynthia. Twenty years the same job is done by this machine and an older
Sassoon travels at an average speed 20 mph faster ago, Abigail was three times as old as Cynthia. How machine working together, the job can be
than Mr. Archer and they each reach Joshua at 4 old is each now? completed in 6 minutes. How long would it take the
P.M., how fast is each traveling? Answer: 24 & 32 older machine to do the job alone?
Answer: 65 mph & 85 mph Answer: 15
18. Seymour is twice as old as Cassandra. If 16 is added
11. A florist wishes to make bouquets of mixed spring to Cassandra's age and 16 is subtracted from
flowers. Each bouquet is to be made up of tulips at Seymour's age, their ages will then be equal. What
$30 a bunch and daffodils at $21 a bunch. How are their present ages?
many bunches of each should she use to make 15 Answer: 32 & 64
bunches which she can sell for $24 a bunch?
Answer: 5 bunches at $30 each & 10 bunches at 19. In 4 years, Cranston's age will be the same as
$21 each Terrill's age now. In 2 years, Terrill will be twice as
old as Cranston. Find their ages now.
12. A farmer has 100 gallons of 70% pure disinfectant. Answer: 6 & 2
He wishes to mix it with disinfectant which is 90%
pure in order to obtain 75% pure disinfectant. 20. Mrs. Smythe is twice as old as her daughter
How much of the 90% pure disinfectant must he Samantha. Ten years ago, the sum of their ages was
use? 46 years. How old is Mrs. Smythe?
Answer: 33 1/3 Answer: 22 & 44

13. If an alloy containing 30% silver is mixed with a 21. Tim, Dick, and Harry decided to fence a vacant lot
55% silver alloy to get 800 pounds of 40% alloy, adjoining their properties. If it would take Tom 4
how much of each must be used? days to build the fence, Dick 3 days, and Harry 6
Answer: 480 & 320 days, how long would it take them working
together?
14. Russ discovers at the end of the summer that his Answer: 1 1/3
radiator antifreeze solution has dropped below the
safe level. If the radiator contains 4 gallons of a 22. John and Charles are linemen. John can string 10
25% solution, how many gallons of pure antifreeze miles of line in 3 days, while together they can
must he add to bring it up to a desired 50% string it in I day. How long would it take Charles
solution? (Assume there is room to add antifreeze alone to string the same line?
without removing any solution.) Answer: 1 1/2
Answer: 2
23. A firm advertises for workers to address
15. A store manager wishes to reduce the price on her envelopes. Priscilla says she will work 100 hours.
fresh ground coffee by mixing two grades. If she Herb will work for 80 hours. If each can address
has 50 pounds of coffee which sells for $10 per 10,000 envelopes in the time they work, how long
pound. how much coffee worth $6 per pound must would it take them to address 10,000 envelopes if
she mix with it so that she can sell the final mixture they work together?
for $8.50 per pound? Answer: 44 4/9
Answer: 30 pounds of $6 coffee
24. Mrs. Hensen cataloged a group of incoming library
books in 8 hours. Mr. Taylor can catalog the same
number of books in 4 hours. Mrs. Phillips can