8/8/2024 FINAL EXAM Maths 21a, O.

Knill, Summer 2024

”I affirm my awareness of the standards of the Harvard College Honor Code.”

Name:

ˆ Start by printing your name in the above box.

ˆ Try to answer each question on the same page as the question is asked. If needed, use the
back or the next empty page for work.
ˆ Do not detach pages from this exam packet or unstaple the packet.
ˆ Please try to write neatly. Answers which are illegible for the grader can not be given
credit.
ˆ No notes, books, calculators, computers, or other electronic aids are allowed.
ˆ Problems 1-3 do not require any justifications. For the rest of the problems you have to
show your work. Even correct answers without derivation can not be given credit.
ˆ You have 180 minutes time to complete your work.

1 20

2 10

3 10

4 10

5 10

6 10

7 10

8 10

9 10

10 10

11 10

12 10

13 10

Total: 140

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Problem 1) (20 points) No justifications are needed.
The graph y = sin(x) in the two dimensional plane is a curve parametrized
1) T F by ⃗r(t) = [t, sin(t)].
The vector fields curl(F⃗ ) and curl(G)
⃗ are perpendicular at every point, if F⃗
2) T F ⃗ are perpendicular at every point in space.
and G
3) T F The curvature of the curve ⃗r(t) = [3 sin(t), 0, 3 cos(t)] is 3 everywhere.
Any function that simultaneously satisfies the Laplace and wave equation
4) T F
must be linear.
5) T F Maxwell took a calculus exam, where he had to prove Stokes theorem.

The boundary of disk surface {x4 + y 4 ≤ 1, z = 0} is the curve {x4 + y 4 =

6) T F 1, z = 0.
If F⃗ (x, y) is defined for all x, y and curl(F⃗ (x, y)) = 0 everywhere, then
7) T F
F⃗ (x, y) = [fx , fy ] is a gradient field.
In the movie “Rushmore”, the “hardest problem of geometry” is solved
8) T F using integration by parts.
We can use the fundamental theorem of line integrals to compute the area
9) T F of a region.
The circles [cos(t), sin(t), 0] and [0, 1 + cos(t), sin(t)] are interlinked. You
10) T F can not take them apart without them intersecting.
11) T F The quartic −x2 + y 2 − (z − 1)2 = 4 is a two-sheeted hyperboloid.

If ⃗r(ϕ, θ) is the standard parametrization of a sphere, then the tangent

12) T F vectors ⃗rϕ and ⃗rθ are perpendicular.
The gradient of the divergence of F⃗ = [P, Q, R] defines a vector field that
13) T F
is always perpendicular to F⃗ .
If ⃗r(t) parametrizes a curve, then the fourth derivative ⃗r ′′′′ (t) is called
14) T F “snap”.
For any bounded solid E in space, the boundary surface S has the property
15) T F that it is a closed surface meaning that it does not have any boundary.
Given two vectors ⃗v , w,⃗ define ⃗u = ⃗v × w.⃗ It is always true that w, ⃗ ⃗u are
16) T F perpendicular.
If ⃗v = curl(F⃗ )/|curl(F⃗ )| is defined and g(x, y, z) = div(F⃗ ), then the direc-
17) T F
tional derivative is D⃗v g = 0.
18) T F The vector projection of F⃗ = [P, Q, R] onto [0, 0, 1] is [0, 0, R].
2
For a given function f , define the new function g = fxx fyy − fxy . Define
19) T F
F⃗ = ∇g + ∇f , then the curl of F⃗ is zero.
The curvature of any curve on a sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 is always larger or
20) T F equal to 1 at any point where the curvature is defined.

2
 Problem 2) (10 points) No justifications are necessary.
a) (2 points) We decide in two cases whether the flux of the vector field through the surface S
is positive or negative . In the left picture (belonging to the boxes to the left), S is oriented
outwards, in the right picture S is oriented in the positive y direction.

The flux through the The flux through the

left surface is right surface is
Positive Positive

Negative Negative

b) (2 points) Decide in each case, whether the line integral of the vector field along the closed
circular loop is positive or negative . Check the boxes on each side.

The line integral along The line integral along

the curve is the curve is
Positive Positive

Negative Negative

c) (2 points) Check on each side the box, for which the answer is positive > 0 . Check exactly
one box on the left for the left vector field and one box on the right for the right vector field.
For the field to the For the field to the
left: (check one box) right: (check one box)

|curl(F⃗ )| > 0 |curl(F⃗ )| > 0

div(F⃗ ) > 0 div(F⃗ ) > 0

d) (2 points) Remember that a solid E is simply connected if every closed loop in E be

pulled together continuously to a point within E. Which are simply connected?

The solid to the left is The solid to the right

(check one box) is (check one box)
simply simply
connected connected
not simply not simply
connected connected

e) (2 points) Write down the names of two partial differential equations involving functions
f (t, x) for which only the first derivative with respect to t appear.

3
Problem 3) (10 points) No justifications are needed.

In a 2019 tictoc video of Oliver, the three fundamental derivative operations div, curl
and grad in multivariable calculus were investigated. There are 27 ways to combine three such
operations. How many do make sense? In a) to c) you select the cases which are defined.

a) (3 points) In the following table, cross out every expression which is defined. Let f (x, y, z)
be a function of three variables.

grad(grad(grad(f ))) grad(curl(grad(f ))) grad(div(grad(f )))

curl(grad(grad(f ))) curl(curl(grad(f ))) curl(div(grad(f )))

div(grad(grad(f ))) div(curl(grad(f ))) div(div(grad(f )))

b) (3 points) In the following table, cross out every expression which is defined. Let F⃗ =
[P, Q, R] denote a vector field in R3 .

grad(grad(curl(F⃗ ))) grad(curl(curl(F⃗ ))) grad(div(curl(F⃗ )))

curl(grad(curl(F⃗ ))) curl(curl(curl(F⃗ ))) curl(div(curl(F⃗ )))

div(grad(curl(F⃗ ))) div(curl(curl(F⃗ ))) div(div(curl(F⃗ )))

c) (3 points) In the following table, cross out every expression which is defined. Again,
F⃗ = [P, Q, R] is a vector field in R3 .

grad(grad(div(F⃗ ))) grad(curl(div(F⃗ ))) grad(div(div(F⃗ )))

curl(grad(div(F⃗ ))) curl(curl(div(F⃗ ))) curl(div(div(F⃗ )))

div(grad(div(F⃗ ))) div(curl(div(F⃗ ))) div(div(div(F⃗ )))

d) (1 point) Two of the following expressions are always zero (either the zero number or zero
vector). Which ones? As before, F⃗ = [P, Q, R] is a vector field and f (x, y, z) a scalar function
in R3

curl(grad(f )) curl(curl(F⃗ ))

div(grad(f )) div(curl((F⃗ )

Oliver theorem from 2019 (see tictoc) tells that the number of ways
in which one can combine n operations to make sense is given by
the Fibonacci number F (n + 3). In class, we had looked at the
case n = 2, where F (n + 3) = 5 combinations made sense.
Screenshot from
Oliver’s Tictoc 2019
4
Problem 4) (10 points)
 

 2 cos(3t) 

 
′
 
A curve ⃗r(t) satisfies ⃗r (t) = 
 2 sin(3t)  has the initial

 
 
 
t
 

 3 

 
 
point ⃗r(0) = 
 4 .

 
 
 
5
a) (2 points) Locate the end point ⃗r(2π).

b) (2 points) Find the acceleration ⃗r ′′ (0).

c) (2 points) Compute the curvature at t = 0.

d) (2 points) What is the unit tangent vector T⃗ (0)?

e) (2 points) What is the arc length of the curve for

t ∈ [0, 2π] ?

5
Problem 5) (10 points)

a) (2 points) Find the tangent plane to the hyper-

boloid f (x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 − z 2 = 1 at (1, 1, 1).

b) (2 points) Parametrize the normal line L to that

plane passing through (1, 1, 1).

c) (2 points) What is the distance of this normal line

L to the origin (0, 0, 0)?

d) (2 points) Estimate the value 1.0032 + 0.9992 − 1.022

using linear approximation (do not do it directly).

e) (2 points) What is the directional derivative D⃗v f

at (1, 1, 1) if ⃗v = ⃗i = [1, 0, 0].

6
Problem 6) (10 points)

Find the surface area of the travel sleep mask surface

 

 uv + 1 

 
 
⃗r(u, v) = 
 u+v 

 
 
 
u−v+1

parametrized by the region R = {(u, v), u2 + v 2 ≤ 2}.

7
Problem 7) (10 points)

a) (5 points) Compute the double integral

Z 2 Z √2−y
sin(πx)
dxdy .
1 0 1 − x2
b) (5 points) Evaluate the integral
ZZZ
(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )4 dV ,
E

where

E = {(x, y, z), x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 1, z 2 ≥ x2 + y 2 , y ≥ 0} .
The solid E is displayed to the right.

8
 Problem 8) (10 points)

Since we noticed some log identity deficiencies in the midterm, lets see whether we have
made our homework and learned from our mistakes. Logs again!
Find the maxima and minima of

f (x, y) = log(x) + 2 log(y) − x − y

on x > 0, y > 0 and classify them using the second derivative test. As usual log(x) = ln(x) is
the natural log.

Image credit: Kristin McKarty, ”35 quotes about learning from your mistakes to reassure you”, Nov. 17, 2021, accessed from [Link], Aug. 6. 2024

9
Problem 9) (10 points)

A Lagrange problem can be looked at from two different perspectives: either extremize f under
the constraint g = c or extremize g under the constraint f = d. It is a Janus face, a symbol
of duality.

a) (5 points) Use the Lagrange method to find the max-

imum of
f (x, y) = xy
under the constraint
g(x, y) = x + 3y = 6 .

b) (5 points) Now use the Lagrange method to find the

minimum of
f (x, y) = x + 3y
under the constraint xy = 3. Statue of Janus, the god of all beginnings, gates, transi-

tions, time, choices, duality, doorways, passages and end-

ings. Image source: Wikipedia

10
Problem 10) (10 points)

This year features the movie ”twisters”, which has been

quite well received and which Oliver still wants to see, once
summer school is over. Compute the line integral
Z
⃗
F⃗ · dr
C

along the twister curve C parametrized as

 

 e−t cos(100t) 

 
 
⃗r(t) = 
 e−t sin(100t) 

 
 
e−t/100 sin(t)
 

⃗ with B = ⃗r(∞) =
from t = 0 to t = ∞. It connects A = r(0)
(0, 0, 0). The vector field is
 
4

 10x 

 
F⃗ (x, y, z) =
 

 6y 2 + z 
 .
 
 
3z 2 + y
 

11
Problem 11) (10 points)

We place the Stanford bunny E into a radiation field F⃗ .

The bunny is the most famous object in computer science. Its
skin S is a closed surface. We assume here that S is oriented
inwards. You enter the Mathematica command line
E=DiscretizeGraphics[ExampleData[{”Geometry3D”, ”StanfordBunny”}];
NIntegrate[1,{x,y,z} ∈ E] which gives you the output 0.057. What
is the flux ZZ
⃗
F⃗ · dS
S
of the field  

 500x + y + z 

 
F⃗ (x, y, z) =
 

 100x + 100z 

 
 
 
x + y + 500z
through the Stanford Bunny surface S?

12
Problem 12) (10 points)

Find the area of the honey-drop region enclosed by

 
sin2 (πt)
t
 
⃗r(t) = 
 

 
4t2 − 4

parametrized on the interval −1 ≤ t ≤ 1.

13
Problem 13) (10 points)

Find the flux ZZ

⃗
curl(F⃗ ) · dS
S
of the curl of the vector field
 
2

 −yz 

 
F⃗ (x, y, z) =
 

 xz 2 

 
 
x4 y 6 z 9 sin(exyz )
 

through the outwards oriented surface

√
S = {(x, y, z), | x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4 and z ≤ 3} .

14