Section A

1 (d) Zero
Explanation
If a charge +q is placed outside, then the electric field lines incident on the conducting sphere
induces -q charge on one surface whereas the opposite surface becomes oppositely charged (i.e.
+q) and the total charge becomes zero.

2 (b) 10-37 C
Explanation:
Net charge on one H-atom = -e + e + Δe = Δe
For net force between two H-atoms to be zero,
Fe (repulsive) = Fg (attractive)
1 Δe2 Gm2
4πε0 d2
=
d2

9 × 109 (Δe2) = 6.67 × 10-11 × (1.67 × 10-27)2

6.67×1.67×1.67
Δe2 = 9
× 10-74
Δe ≈ 10-37

3 (b) Zero Explanation: Zero

4 (D) infinite
Explanation: infinite
5 (a) decrease in relaxation time.
Explanation:
decrease in relaxation time.
6 (d) moving in the perpendicular direction
Explanation:
Force, F = qvB sin 90∘ = qvB In all other cases, F = 0

7 (b) potential is zero at all points on the right bisector

Explanation:
The magnetic potential at any point is the amount of work done in bringing a unit north
pole from infinity to that point. At any point on the right bisector, the potentials due to
the two poles are equal and opposite.

8 (b) spin motion of electrons

Explanation:
spin motion of electrons
9 9. (a) 10 V
Explanation:
As induced emf, ∣e ∣= dϕ
dt
= d 5t2 + 3t + 16
dt
= 10t + 3
 So, at t = 3s, induced ∣ e ∣ is = 10 × 3 + 3 = 33V
So, at t = 4s, induced ∣ e ∣ is = 10 × 4 + 3 = 43V
Therefore emf induced in the fourth second s given by = 43 − 33 = 10V
10 10. (a) 8 × 105 Hz
Explanation:
f = 1 √ 1 − R2
= 1 √ 1 − 20×20
= 8 × 105 Hz
11 (c) radio waves, infrared rays, visible rays, X-rays
12 (b) He has to direct the beam at an angle to the vertical which is slightly less than
the critical angle of incidence for total internal reflection
Explanation:
He has to direct the beam at an angle to the vertical which is slightly less than the critical
angle of incidence for total internal reflection.
13 (b) Both A and R are true and R is not correct explanation of A.
14 (c) A is true but R is false.
15 (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
16 (d) Both A and R are false.
SECTION B
17 a. Radius of sphere, R = d = 2.4/2 = 1.2m

Surface charge density, σ = 80 × 10−6Cm−2

∴ σ = q/4πR2

or q = 4πR2σ

Charge on the sphere is given by (q)

q = 4 × 3.14 × (1.2)2 × 80 × 10−6 q = 1.447 × 10−3C
b. Gauss’s law states that the net flux of an electric field in a closed surface is
directly proportional to the enclosed electric charge.
Electric flux is given by, ϕ = q/ε0

ϕ = 1.447×10−3
8.85×10−12

= 1.63 × 108 Nm2C-1

18 1. C23 = (6 + 3)μF = 9μF
q q
C1 = V1 ⇒ V1 = 2μF
q q
C23 = V2
⇒ V2 = 9μF
V = V1 + V2

⇒ 10 = q (2μF1 + 1
9μF
)
⇒q= 10×18 μC
11
= 16.4μC
19 1. Here L = 200 m H = 0.2H, ε0 = 210 V, f = 50 Hz
Peak current,
ε ε
I 0 = X0 = 2πfL0
L
210
= 2×3.14×50×0.2 = 3.3 A
As in an inductive a.c. circuit, current lags behind the emf by π , so the voltage is zero when the current is at its peak value.
20 1. The standard equation of magnetic field can be expressed as B = B 0 sin ωt.
We are given equation
B = 12 × 10-8 sin (120 × 107 z - 3.60 × 1015 t)T
On comparing this equation with standard equation, we get
B0 = 12 × 10-8 T and
The average intensity of the beam is given by :-
2
2 (12×10−8 ) ×3×108
Iav = 1 B0 ⋅c= 1 ×
2 μ0 2

= 1.71 W/m2

21

1.

In above figure, MN in reflecting surface AB in the incident wave front FC in the reflected wave front. i in the angle of incidence.
r in the angle of reflection. Let ‘v’ be the speed of the light wave in the medium and ‘t’ be the time taken by the secondary
wavelets to move from the point B to C Then the distance. BC = vt
In order to construct the reflected wave front, Let us draw a sphere of radium AE vt, CE represents the tangent drawn from the
point e to this sphere, This tangent represents the position of the new reflected wave front. From the figure it is observed that AE
= BC vt. the triangles EAC and BAC are congruent
∴ i = r.
This is the Law of reflection.
OR
The path difference between the two rays is 2 μ t cos r. Therefore, for given oil film, μ
and t are constant and the path difference depends only on the angle of refraction,
which in turn depends on the angle of incidence. It is not possible that two different
observers look at a point in the same direction and, therefore, for the two observers,
the path difference will not be the same.
Hence, the other observer may not necessarily see green fringe there.

SECTION C
22 a. n 2
nDλ
position of fringes is given as x =
d
=
2×0.60×500×10−9
=
1×10−3
= 0.6 mm
b. Let n bright fringes of wavelength 600 nm coincide with (n + 1) bright fringes of wavelength 500 nm
Dλ1 (n+1)Dλ2
n d
= d
600 1
500
= 1 + n
1 1
5 = n
n=5
x = 5×Dλ
d
5×500×10−9 ×0.6
=
1×10−3
= 1.5 nm
23

Since the angle of incidence (45°) is less than the critical angle (48°), the ray will
be refracted.
(ii) For the ray 2,

Since the angle of incidence (45°) is more than the critical angle (43°), the ray will
be total internally reflected.
24

25 i. Ampere’s circuital law: The line integral of the magnetic field around a closed
path is μ0times of total current enclosed by the path.
→→
∮ B . dl = μ0I
ii. a. The magnetic field due to a current carrying solenoid:

B = μ0nI
where n = number of turns per unit length i = current through the solenoid
Now, the magnetic field due to solenoid S1 will be in the upward direction and the
magnetic field due to S2 will be in the
downward direction (by right-hand screw rule).
B net = BS 1 − BS 2
B net = μ0n1I − μ0n2I = μ0I (n1 − n2)
The direction of field is in the upward direction.

b. The magnetic field is zero outside a solenoid.

OR
a. The magnetic induction on the axis of the solenoid is given by
B = μ(μ0nI)
where μ is the permeability of the medium, n the number of turns per unit length and I is
the current. Magnetic flux ϕ = BA , since the normal to the area is along the direction of
the field,
Given, ϕ = 1.6 × 10−3Wb , A = 0.001 = 10-3 m2
Therefore, B = ϕ = 1.6×10−3 = 1.6Wbm−2
A 10−3
 n = 400, I = 5 A and μ0 = 10−7Hm−1
π
Thus, 1.6 = μ × 10−7 × 4π × 400 × 5
μ = 1.6×107 = 636.7 ≈ 637
π
b. Total number of turns in the solenoid is given by
N = n × l = 400 × 0.5 = 200
Total flux through the solenoid is
Nϕ = 200 × 1.6 × 10−3 = 0.32Wb

Self inductance L = Nϕ = 0.32

= 0.064 H = 64 mH
26
27 1. Let the alternating e.m.f applied to an LCR circuit is
E = E0 sin ωt .... (i)
If alternating current developed lags behind the applied e.m.f by a phase angle ϕ, then
I = I0 sin(ωt − ϕ)
Total work done over a complete cycle is
T
W = ∫ EI dt
0
= ∫ E0 sin ωt ⋅ I0 sin(ωt − ϕ)dt
0
T
= E0I0 ∫ sin ωt sin(ωt − ϕ)dt
0
E 0I 0 T
= 2 ∫ 2 sin ωt sin(ωt − ϕ)dt
0
T
∫ [cos(ωt − ωt + ϕ) − cos(ωt + ωt − ϕ)]dt
E0I0
= 2
0
[∵ 2 sinA sinB = cos(A - B) - cos(A + B)]
E 0I 0 T
Or W = 2 ∫ [cos ϕ − cos(2ωt − ϕ)] dt
0

or W =
E0I0
2
[t cos ϕ − sin(2ωt−ϕ) T
2ω
]0
E I
= 020 [T cos ϕ]
E I
W = 020 ⋅ cos ϕ ⋅ T
Average power in LCR circuit over a complete cycle is
E0I0 E0 I0
P= W
= cos ϕ = ⋅ cos ϕ
T 2 √2 √2
∴ P = Erms .Irms. cos ϕ
28 i. Microwaves are used in radar. Because of their small wavelengths, microwaves
are not diffracted or bent by objects of normal dimensions. So these waves can be used
to beam a signal in a particular direction.
ii. X-rays are used to photograph internal parts of a body, X-rays have a high
penetrating power.
iii. Infrared rays are used for taking photographs of the sky during the night and the
foggy conditions. This is because these radiations are readily absorbed by water
molecules present in most materials. After absorption, they heat up the materials and
their surroundings.
SECTION D
29 (i) (c) The work done to move a test charge on the equipotential surface is positive.
Explanation:
The work done to move a test charge on the equipotential surface is positive.
(ii) (d) Sphere with charge at the centre of the sphere
Explanation:
Sphere with charge at the centre of the sphere
(iii) (d) for a dipole
Explanation:
for a dipole
(iv) (a) zero
Explanation:
Q
The electrical potential at any point on circle of radius a due to charge Q at its centre is V = 1
4πε0 a

It is an equipotential surface.
Hence, work done in carrying a charge q round the circle is zero.
30 Answer:
(i) a
(ii) b
(iii) c
(iv) c
(v) b
SECTION E
31 1. Given that,
Focal length of the objective lens, f1 = 2.0 cm
Focal length of the eyepiece, f2 = 6.25 cm
Distance between the objective lens and the eyepiece, d = 15 cm
a. Given that, Least distance of distinct vision, d' = 25 cm
Image distance for the eyepiece, v2 = -25 cm
Object distance for the eyepiece = u2
According to the lens formula,
1 1 1
v2
− u2
=
f2
1
u2
1
= − 1
v2 f2
1 1 −1−4 −5
= −25
− 6.25
= 25
= 25
∴ u2 = -5cm

Image distance for the objective lens, v1 = d + u2 = 15 - 5 = 10 cm

Object distance for the objective lens = u1
According to the lens formula,
1 1 1
v1 − u1 = f1
1 1 1 1 1−5 −4
= − = −1= =
u1 v1 f1 10 2 10 10
∴ u1 = -2.5 cm
Magnitude of the object distance, |u1| = 2.5cm
The magnifying power of a compound microscope is:
m=
v1
(1 + f ) = 2.5(1 + 6.25) = 4(1 + 4) = 20
d′ 10 25
|u1| 2
b. The final image is formed at infinity.
Therefore, image distance for the eyepiece, v2 = ∞
Object distance for the eyepiece = u2
According to the lens formula, we have the relation,
1 1 1
v2 − u2 = f2
1 1 1
∞
− u2
= 6.25
∴ u2 = -6.25 cm

Image distance for the objective lens, v1 = d + u2 = 15 - 6.25 = 8.75 cm

Object distance for the objective lens = u1
According to the lens formula,
1 1 1
v1
− u1
= f1
1 1 1 1 1 2−8.75
u1
= v1
− = 8.75
− 2.0
= 17.5
f1
 u1 = − 17.5 = −2.59cm
Magnitude of the object distance, |u1| = 2.59 cm
The magnifying power of a compound microscope is,
m=
v1
( d ) = 2.59
′
8.75 × 25
6.25
= 13.51
|u1| |u2|
Thus, the magnifying power of the microscope is 13.51
OR
i.

D
Resolving power =
1.22λ
ii. a. Angular magnification f0 = 20 m , fe= 1 cm = 0.01 m
f0
m=
fe
20
m= = 2000
0.01
b. Diameter of moon = 3.5 × 106 m and radius of lunar orbit = 3.8 × 108m. Let d be the diameter of the image in metres.
Then angle subtended by the moon will be
Diameter at moon
α=
Radius of lunar orbit
3.5×106
=
3.8×108
Angle subtended by the image formed by the objective will also be equal to α and is given by
Diameter of image of moon
α= fo
α= d
d 20 3.5×106
∴
20
=
3.8×108
d = 0.18 m
32 a. L harge density of spherical shell = λ
e Radius = R, Consider Spherical Gaussian surface of radius = r
t
S
u
r
f
a
from Gauss Law
c qin
e ϕ= ϵ0
λ×4πr2
= ∈0
c
4πλR2
ϕ= ϵ0 ...(i)
→ →
Also, ϕ = E ⋅ A = E(4πr2) ...(ii)
From equation (i) and (ii)
2
E (4πr2) = 4πλR
ϵ0
λR2
E= ...(iii)
∈0r2
θ
∴ λ= θ or λR2 =
4πR2 4π
θ ..........
E= (iv) hence, From equation (iv)
4πϵ0r2
Electric field only depend on charge enclosed and location of point.
Therefore charge with either on canter or surface enclose charge by Gaussian surface (r > R) will not change
∴ Hence it is proved.
Case(1) If r < R

this graph shows the variation of electric field with radius r

Charge enclose, qin = 0

E=0
Case(2) If r > R
E= θ 2
4πϵor
b. Given that,
First point charge = +1 μC
Second point charge = +4 μC
Distance = 30 cm
Let us consider the net electric field zero at x distance from first charge.
Using formula of electric field
Ex = E30-x
kq1 kq2
r2
= r′2
Put the value into the formula
1×10−6 −6
x2
= 4×10 2
(30−x)
(30−x)2 −6
= 4×10−6
x2 1×10
 30−x
x
= √ 41 ,
30 - x = 2x
x = 10 cm
OR

i.

Flux through the Gaussian surface

∅ = E.2πrl
According to Gauss’s law
q
E.2πrl = ϵ0
∵ q = λl electric field =
λ
E = 2π∈
0r
ii. E= λ
2πϵ0r
mv2
r
= eE

1
∴ Kinetic energy K = mv2
2
1
= eEr
2
1
= e λ⋅r
2 2πϵ0r
= eλ
4πϵ0
eλ
iii. Kinetic energy K =
4πϵ0
∴K ∝ λ kinetic energy as a function of linear charged debnsity

33
1. a. Kirchhoff's I rule: It states that, at any junction, the sum of the currents entering the junction is equal to the sum of the
currents leaving the junction.
Kirchhoff's II rule: It states that, the algebraic sum of the charges in potential around any closed loop involving resistors and
cells in the loop is zero.
Conditions balance of a Wheatstone bridge:
P, Q, R and S are four resistance forming a closed bridge, called Wheatstone bridge.

A battery is connected across A and C, while a galvanometer is connected B and D. Current is absent in the galvanometer's
balance point.
 Derivation of Formula: Let the current given by battery in the balanced position be I. This current on reaching point A is
divided into two parts I1 and I2. At the balanced point, current is zero.
Applying Kirchhoff's I law at point A,
I - I1 - I2 = 0 or
I = I1 + I2 ......... (i)
Applying Kirchhoff's II law to closed mesh ABDA,
-I1P + I2R = 0 or
I1P = I2R .......(ii)
Applying Kirchhoff's II law to mesh BCDB,
-I1Q + I2S = 0 or
I1Q = I2S ........ (iii)
Dividing equation (ii) by (iii), we get
I1 P
= II2RS
I1Q 2
P = R ; which is the required condition of balance for Wheatstone bridge.
⇒Q S

b.

For null point at D, balance length l1 = 40cm

R1 40 2
So, R2
= AD
DC
= (100−40)
= 3
...... (i)

If resistance 10Ω is connected in series or R1, balance point shifts towards ′ λ′ i.e., AD = 60cm
R1+10 ′
R2
= AD = 60 = 3 . .... (ii)
D′C 100−60 2
10
= 32
R1
R2
+ R2
From equations (i) and (ii), we have
10
2
3 + R2
= 32
10 9−4
⇒ R2
= 23 − 32 = 6
= 5
6
⇒ R2 = 10×6
5
= 12 ohm
From equation (i), we have
= 23
R1
12
12×2
⇒ R1 = 3
= 8 ohm
OR
As shown in Figure, the positive terminals of cells ε1 and ε2, are connected to the wire AE of resistance 4 Ω and negative
terminals to the wire BD of resistance 6 Ω. The 8 Ω wire is connected between the middle points F and C of the wires AE and BD
respectively.
∴ R1 = R2 = 4
2
= 2Ω
6
and R3 = R4 = 2
= 3Ω
The distribution of current in various branches is shown in Figure.

Applying Kirchhoff's second law to the loop ABCFA, we get

I1 × r1 + I1 × R1 + (I1 + I2) R + I1 × R3 = ε1
I1 × 2 + I2 × 2 + (I1 + I2) × 8 + I1 × 3 = 1.5
15I1 + 8 I2 = 1.5 ...(i)
Applying Kirchhoff's second law to the loop CDEFC, we get
I2 × r2 + I2 × R2 + (I1 + I2) × R + I2 × R4 = ε2,
I2 × l + I2 × 2 + (I1 + I2) × 8 + I2 × 3 = 2
8I1 + 14I2 =2
or 4I1 + 7I2 = 1 ...(ii)
On solving equations (i) and (ii), we get
5 18
I1 = A and I2 = A
146 146
Current through the 8 Ω resistance wire is
I1 + I2 = 5 + 18 = 23 A
146 146 146
P.D. across the ends of 8 Ω resistance wire
= 23 × 8 = 1.26 A
146