ENGINEERING MECHANICS -STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

Assignment No. 1
1. The steepest angle at which a sloping surface formed of a particular loose
material is stable. It varies locally according to the mechanics and strength.

a. Angle of repose
b. Angle of friction
c. Acute angle
d. 300 angle
2. It is the SI unit of a force required to give a mass of 1 kg an acceleration of 1
m/s2 and is equivalent to 100,000 dynes.

a. Pascal or Pa
b. Load
c. Mass
d. Newton or N

3. It is the strength of the structure that resists the external applied forces. It is
also the pressure or tension exerted on a material object. NSCP defines it as
force per unit area.

a. Hardness
b. Durability
c. Stress
d. Rigidity

4. What stress is developed when the force applied tends to shorten the structure?

a. Axial stress
b. Shear stress
c. Compressive stress
d. Flexural stress
5. A hinge support has two reaction components for 2-dimentional axes; how
may reaction components for 3-dimentional axes?

a. 4
b. 3
c. 2
d. 1
6. The distance between two structural supports of a roof truss is called span
length; What do you call the spacing between trusses?

a. Effective length
b. clear distance
c. Span length
d. Bay length

7. A 6-meter simply supported beam carries a uniformly distributed load of 1000

N/m throughout its span. It is supported by a roller at the leftmost end and
hinge at the rightmost end. What is the maximum reaction in kN.

a. 4 kN
b. 6 kN
c. 2 kN
d. 3 kN

8. A force F is 30 kN acting North-East at an angle of 30 0 with the horizontal.

What is the Y- component of the force?

F = 30kN

θ = 300

a. Fy = 15 kN
b. Fy = 25.98kN
c. Fy = 0.06 kN
d. Fy = 30 kN

9. Why is it that long-spanned trusses are cambered?

a. For longer life span

b. Aesthetics design to look good
c. To minimize or prevent deflection
d. NSCP requirement

10. What is the centroidal moment of inertia, I, of a rectangular beam section

whose base, b is 200mm and height, h is 400mm

a. 46 x 106 mm4
b. 64 x 10-6 mm4
c. 6.4 x 106 mm4
d. 1067 x 106 mm4
 11. Each vertical load at the top chord of the truss is 20 kN and each ceiling load
is 10 kN. The truss has a span length of 8 m and the king post height is 3 m.
A horizontal force (H) is 25 kN is applied. Determine the X-component of the
reaction in B.

a. 20 kN
b. 15 kN
c. 10 kN
d. 25 kN

H
3m

A B

4 panels @ 2 m = 8 m

12. These structures are generally compressed, as such, they are considered
“compression members”.

a. Truss members
b. Beams
c. Columns
d. Footings

13. The angle between the total reaction and the normal force when limiting
friction is acting is called:
a. Angle of friction
b. Angle of repose
c. Angle of contact
d. Coefficient of friction

14. Newton (N) is the SI unit of Force and was named after Isaac Newton in
recognition of his contributions to the field of Mechanics. It is denoted by N
and is expressed in
a. kg. m2/s2
b. kg.m/s2
c. kg.m/s
d. kg.m2/s

15. A type of stress developed when the force applied tends to elongate the
structure.
 a. Axial stress
b. Flexural stress
c. Shear stress
d. Tensile stress
e. None of the above

16. The deformation of a material from stress. It is simply a ratio of the change in
length to the original length.

a. Strain
b. Elongation
c. Tensile stress
d. Deflection

17. This Law states that “the stress is proportional to strain”.

a. Law of Supply and Demand
b. Law of Gravity
c. Pascal’s law
d. Hooke’s law

18. The distance between two structural supports is called:

a. Bay length
b. Span length
c. Overhang
d. Development length

19. A simply supported beam, L meters long, carrying a uniformly distributed

load of w (N/m) throughout the span, has a maximum reaction of:
a. wL
b. 1/8 w L2
c. 1/384 wL4
d. ½ wL

20. What is the purpose of the truss?

a. Acts as rain shield
b. Aesthetics
c. Supports roofing materials & ceiling loads
d. None of the above

21. The _______ of a body is the point where there is equal volume on all sides. For a
solid body made from a single material it is the center of its mass.

a. Centroid
b. Plate center
c. Moment center
 d. Middle
e. None of the above

22. For a force system to be in equilibrium, the algebraic sum of acting and reacting
forces must be:
a. 100%
b. maximum
c. minimum
d. Zero
e. None of the above

23. They are forces whose lines of action meet at a common point.
a. Applied forces
b. Parallel forces
c. Concurrent forces
d. Couple
e. None of the above

24. Law of equilibrium condition: “For every action, there is an equal and opposite
reaction.”

a. Newton’s Third Law of Motion

b. Pascal’s Law
c. Varignon’s Theorem
d. Law of Supply and Demand
e. None of the above

25. It is the ratio of the stress in a body to the corresponding strain (as in bulk
modulus and shear modulus). It is also called Young's modulus.

a. Elastic Limit
b. Modulus of Elasticity
c. Yield Point
d. Proportional Limit

26. The maximum tensile stress that a material can withstand before rupture.

a. Rigidity
b. Yield Strength
c. Ultimate Strength
d. Rupture Strength

27. It is defined as the stress at specified environmental conditions (temperature,

humidity and sometimes chemical environment) to produce rupture in a fixed
amount of time usually given in hours.
 a. Rigidity
b. Yield Strength
c. Ultimate Strength
d. Rupture Strength

28. If Stress is Force per unit Area, determine the stress in a material whose cross
section is 100mm x 100mm when subjected to a load of 10,000N.

a. 1 MPa
b. 5 MPa
c. 10 MPa
d. 15 MPa

29. The shape of an object is the geometrical description of the part of the space
occupied by the object, as determined by its external boundaries. A change in
shape/size due to the application of force is known as _____.

a. Deflection
b. Elongation
c. Shortening
d. Deformation

30. It is the deviation from the original undeflected position of structural

element subjected to transverse load/s.

a. Deflection
b. Elongation
c. Shortening
d. Deformation

31. This truss was patented in 1840 and it includes vertical members and
diagonals that slope towards the center.
a. Fink Truss
b. Howe Truss
c. Gambrel Truss
d. Pratt Truss

32. A truss in the form of a K due to the orientation of the vertical member
and two oblique members in each panel.
 a. Baltimore Truss
b. Howe Truss
c. Gambrel Truss
d. K Truss

33. A slump Cone use to test freshly mixed concrete is a mold in the form of
lateral of lateral surface of the frustum of a cone with a base diameter 8”
and a top diameter of 4”. What is its height in mm?
a. 150mm
b. 200mm
c. 250mm
d. 300mm

34. It is the most important component in determining the strength of

concrete
a. Cement
b. Water
c. Water-cement ratio
d. Additive

35. The more ____ in concrete mix, the weaker the concrete; the lesser the
amount, the stronger the concrete strength.
a. Void – Cement Ratio
b. Water (refer to Table in Item 4)
c. Quantity of Cement
d. Water-Cement Ratio

36. When do you get samples for a Slump Test?

a. At the start of mixer discharge
b. At the middle of mixer discharge
 c. At the end of mix
d. At any time of mixer discharge

37. All things being equal, larger aggregates will produce stronger concrete
compared with that using smaller aggregates?
a. True
b. False
c. Maybe
d. Doesn’t matter

38. The distance between points of zero moment on a compression member

is?
a. Effective length of the column
b. Inflection Point
c. Inflection distance
d. Length of splice

39. Given the section of the beam shown. Determine the effective depth of the
beam.
Width: 300mm
Depth: 500mm
Top bars: 4-Ø25mm
Bot bars: 4-Ø25mm
Clear cover = 40mm
Stirrups: Ø10mm

a. 460mm
b. 437.5mm
c. 420mm
d. 400mm

d = 500 – cover – Ø –
s
d = 500 – Ø40 /2
b – 10 –25/2 = 437.5 mm

40. Given the beam shown above. What is the length of the stirrups
considering 90-degree-bend hook?
Width: 300mm
Depth: 500mm
Top bars: 4-Ø25mm
Bot bars: 4-Ø25mm
Clear cover = 40mm
Stirrups: Ø10mm
 a. 980mm
b. 1037.5mm
c. 1500mm
d. 1520mm

41. Given the beam shown above. Determine the length of the stirrups
considering 135-degree bend.
Width: 300mm; Depth: 500mm
Top bars: 4-Ø25mm; Bot bars: 4-Ø25mm
Clear cover = 40mm; Stirrups: Ø10mm
a. 1400mm
b. 1030.5mm
c. 1500mm
d. 1520mm

6”

12”
8”

42. Determine the volume of concrete in the figure above.

a. 576 mm3
b. 576 ft3
c. 576 m3
d. 576 in3

43. Determine the volume of the trapezoidal footing shown below.

 t = 200
mm

B1 = 600 B2 = 1000
mm mm

L = 2.0 m

a. 0.32 m3 Volume = Area x thickness

b. 320,000 mm3 = L/2 [B1 + B2] x thickness
c. 3.32 m3
d. 576 in3 = 2/2 [ 0.600 + 1.000] x 0.2

= 0.32 m3

44. Determine the rebars of the isolated footing below.

a. 12 bars both ways

b. 24 bars both ways
c. 14 bars both ways
d. 28 bars both ways

45. How many bars are there in the footing shown below?
 a. 6 bars both ways
b. 12 bars
c. 12 bars one direction
d. 6 bars along the Width

46. What is the weight in kg of the two (2) No 8 bars, 6 meters long each.
a. 0.32 m3
b. 46.24 kg π (d . d )
W = 7850 kg/m3 x x2 x 6m
c. 46,240 kg 4
d. 4.62 kg
= 7850 kg/m3 x
π ( 0.025 ) (0.025)
47. The column shown below is: x6m
4

a. Spiral column
b. Pier
c. Pedestal
d. Short column

48. The slab in Problem 17 is:

a. One-way slab
b. Two-way slab
c. Waffle slab
d. Flat plate

49. What do you call the beam shown below?

a. Simple supported beam
 b. Cantilevered beam
c. Perfectly restrained beam
d. Propped beam

50. In the figure below, A is:

a. Beam
b. Joist
c. Girt
d. Lintel beam

51. If the base of the footing shown below is a square, what is the volume
of excavation if a 150-mm gravel bed is provided?
 a. 6.6 m3 Volume = Area x depth
b. 7.8 m3
= 2 x 2 x [1.5 + 0.150]
c. 5.8 m3
d. 5.6 m3 = 2/2 [ 0.600 + 1.000] x 0.2

= 6.6 m3

52. A tension member used to limit the deflection of a girt or purlin in the
direction of its weak axis or to limit the sag in angle bracing.
a. Sagrod
b. Reinforcing bars
c. Bracing
d. Bolts

53. It is one of a series of sloped structural members (beams) that extend

from the ridge or hip to the wall plate in the roofing system.
a. Truss
b. Rafter
c. Purlin
d. Sagrod

54. The truss shown below is:

 a. Gambrel truss
b. Warren truss
c. Fink truss
d. K-Truss

55. Howe truss was patented in:

a. 1820
b. 1830
c. 1840
d. 1850

56. The foundation in the figure below is :

a. Mat footing
b. Raft footing
c. Floating foundation
d. Ground slab

57. The slenderness ratio kl/r is equal to l/r if the column support is:
 a. Rotation free both ends
b. Fixed both ends
c. Free both ends
d. Hinged both ends

58. If the ratio of the effective length to its least lateral dimension exceeds
12;
L/r > 12, the column is
a. Pedestal
b. Short column
c. Intermediate column
d. Long column

59. The slab slown resists bending in both directions.

a. One-way slab
b. Two-way slab
c. Waffle slab
d. Flat slab

60. The beam shown is:

a. Simply supported
 b. Overhanging beam
c. Cantiveler beam
d. Unsymmetrical beam

61. In Reinforced Concrete Beams, which portion is under Tension?

a. Top c. Bottom
b. Middle d.

Answer: It depends. See illustration below.

62. The type of welding shown in the figure is:

a. Groove weld
b. Fillet weld
c. Butt weld
d. Plug weld

63. A joint between two successive placements of concrete, often keyed or

doweled to provide lateral stability across the joint.
a. Expansion joint
b. Contraction joint
c. Construction joint
d. Cold joint

64. The underside of an architectural element, as an arch, beam, cornice,

or staircase
a. Soffit
b. Tremie
c. Corbel
d. Arch
65. The capacity reduction factor for concrete structures subjected to shear
and torsion, is:
a. 0.90
b. 0.85
c. 0.80
d. 0.75

66. As the water-cement ratio decreases, the strength of concrete

a. Increases
b. Decreases
c. Remains constant
d. No effect

67. In Class A concrete mix, this component occupies approximately 14% of

the concrete volume
a. Sand
b. Gravel
c. Cement
d. Aggregates

68. This process uses high-pressure steam at atmospheric pressure, heat and
moisture or other accepted processes may be employed to accelerate
strength gain and reduce time of curing
a. Curing
b. Accelerated curing
c. Setting
d. Drying

69. Lightweight aggregates

a. 1500 kg/m3
b. 2400 kg/m3
c. 7850 kg/m3
d. 1120 kg/m3

70. It is defined as thin, usually aluminum-framed wall, containing in-fills

of glass, metal panels, or thin stone. The framing is attached to the
building structure and does not carry the floor or roof loads of the
building.
a. Load bearing wall
b. Curtain wall
c. Shear wall
d. Retaining wall
71. It can be defined as "It is the displacement of one story with respect to
the other story." Story displacement can be defined as "the displacement
of a story with respect to the base of a structure".
a. Soft story
b. Weak story
c. Diaphragm
d. Story drift

72. The maximum size of reinforcing steel bars that can be bundled
a. 38 mm
b. 32 mm
c. 34 mm
d. 36 mm

73. Lap splices of deformed uncoated bar or wire for spiral reinforcement
shall be not less than the larger of 48db and ____

a. 300 mm
b. 250 mm
c. 200 mm
d. 150 mm

74. What is the minimum number of RSB that can be bundled?

a. 4
b. 3
c. 2
d. 1

75. Isolation joint is also known as:

a. Expansion joint
b. Contraction joint
c. Cold joint
d. Construction joint

76. If the ratio of Short to Long direction (S/L) is less than 0.5 then the slab is
considered
a. Flat Slab
b. One-Way Slab
c. Two-Way Slab
d. Flat Plat

77. The thickness of this slab is L/10 if the slab is cantilevered (where L is
the short distance)
a. Flat Slab
b. One-Way Slab
c. Two-Way Slab
d. Flat Plat
78. The thickness of this slab can be determined by dividing the slab
perimeter by 180.
a. Flat Slab
b. One-Way Slab
c. Two-Way Slab
d. Flat Plat

79. One-way slab thickness can be determined by using t = l/28 if the slab is:
a. Simply supported
b. One end continuous
c. Both ends continuous
d. Cantilever

80. The Modulus of Elasticity of normal weight concrete is

a. 7850 kg/m3
b. 4700 √ fc’
c. 200 GPa
d. 150 pcf

81. The mass density of steel is

a. 2400 kg/m3
b. 7850 kg/m3
c. 10 GPa
d. 100 pcf

82. The acceleration due to gravity is “g”, with a value of

a. 33ft/s2
b. 9.81 m/ s2
c. 150 pcf
d. 9.81 psi

83. All nonprestressed bars shall be enclosed by lateral ties, at least ___mm in
size for longitudinal bars of ∅ 34mm or larger.
a . ∅ 20mm
b . ∅ 16mm
c .∅ 12mm
d . ∅ 10mm

84. Individual bars within a bundle terminated within the span of flexural
members shall terminate at different points, staggered with at least
a. 40db
b. 48 db
c. 52 db
d. 60 db

85. The initial setting of freshly poured concrete is on the average of

 a. 30 minutes
b. 60 minutes
c. 90 minutes
d. 10 hours

86. A funnel- like device with a pipe or tube for depositing concrete
underwater.
a. Pipe
b. Pumpcrete
c. Funnel
d. Tremie

87. A fluid cement mortar that will flow easily without segregation of the
ingredients, used to fill narrow cavities in masonry and consolidate the
adjoining materials into a solid mass
a. Pipe
b. Fresh concrete
c. Grout
d. Tremie

88. A hydraulic cement made by burning a mixture of clay and limestone in a

rotary kiln and pulverizing the resulting clinker into very fine powder. It
is named after a limestone quarried in the isle of Portland, England due its
resemblance to the limestone.
a. Cement
b. White Cement
c. Pozzolana
d. Portland Cement

89. The code requires a provision of crosstie when the space between
the longitudinal bars of tied column is:

a. ≤ 150 mm
b. ≥ 150 mm
c. < 150 mm
d. >150 mm

90. What is the minimum requirement for development of at least 1/3 of the
total reinforcement provided for negative moment reinforcement as an
embedment length beyond the point of inflection?

a. 12db or 300mm whichever is greater

b. L/3 + d or 24 db or 1/12 the clear span whichever is greater
c. Not less than 1.5 d or 14db or 1/12 the clear span whichever is greater
d. L/4 + 2d or 12 db or 1/12 the clear span whichever is greater
91. It is a vertical member and may be constructed as a single piece of
timber, concrete or steel, or built up out of bricks, blocks and so on. ...
However, it does not necessarily have a load-bearing function, more
often, it is provided for aesthetic purposes.
a. Column
b. Pedestal
c. Pier
d. Pillar

92. It is one of the four compression members found at the lowest

foundation of bridges, fly-overs and even under large building
structures. It is a slender member with a small cross-sectional area
compared to its length.
a. Mat foundation
b. Footing
c. Pile
d. Ground

93. They are vertical loadbearing compression members, normally with

large diameter cylindrical structures, supporting adjacent ends of
bridge spans. They support the superstructures and transfer the large
super-imposed loads to the firm strata below.
a. Pier
b. Column
c. Piles
d. Abutment

94. It is a compression element provided to carry the loads from supported

elements like columns, statues etc. to footing below the ground. It is
generally provided below the metal columns. In general, its width is
greater than its height.
a. Pier
b. Base
c. Piles
d. Pedestal

95. When two columns of the structure are placed, or when the bearing capacity
of the soil is low and their footings overlap each other, this type of footing is
provided. It is also described as the foundation which are made common to
more than one column.
a. Isolated footing
b. Combined footing
c. Grid footing
d. Raft footing

96. This structure is similar to combined footing. Generally, when the edge of the
footing cannot be extended beyond the property line, the exterior footing is
 connected by a strap beam with interior footing. It is also called cantilever
footing.
a. Isolated footing
b. Strap footing
c. Grid footing
d. Trapezoidal footing

97. This foundation consists of a reinforced concrete slab or T-beam slab

placed over the entire area of the structure due to weak soil over a
large area. In this type, the whole basement floor slab acts as the
foundation. This is called so because, in this case, the building seems
like a vessel that floats on a sea of soil.

a. Grid footing
b. Strap footing
c. Foundation
d. Raft foundation

98. This type of foundation is a watertight retaining structure used as a bridge

pier, construction of the dam, etc. used in structures that require foundation
beneath a river or similar water bodies because it can be floated to the
desired location and then sunk into place. It is a ready-made hollow cylinder
depressed into the soil up to the desired level and then filled with concrete,
which ultimately converts to a foundation and mostly used as bridge piers.
a. Pile foundation
b. Mat foundation
c. Caisson foundation
d. Raft foundation
99. It is defined as that part of the structure that transfers the load from the
structure constructed on it as well as its weight over a large area of soil
in such a way that the amount does not exceed the ultimate bearing
capacity of the soil and the settlement of the whole structure remains
within a tolerable limit. It is the part of a structure on which the building
stands.
a. Grid footing
b. Caisson foundation
c. Foundation
d. Mat foundation

100. The solid ground on which foundation rests is known as:

a. Foundation bed
b. Ground
c. Soil
d. Rocks
II SUPERSTRUCTURES

Upper Part

101. The major parts of a building are shown in the figure above.
What is the general term for the Upper Part?
a. Structure
b. Superstructure
c. Framing System
d. Building
102. It is a structure composed of straight members connected in triangles,
requiring no bending resistance in principle as the member forces are purely
axial. Roofs and bridges are applications for which they are well suited.
a. Roofing
b. Truss
c. Roof deck
d. Diaphragm
103. It is a type of structural frame that is simpler to design but less
resistant to horizontal forces than a portal frame used where wind or sway
loads are not critical.
a. Wind-Moment Frame
b. Moment-Resisting Frame
c. Dual System
d. Chevron
104. It is a structural frame whose purpose is not only to support gravity
loads in a vertical direction, but also to resist horizontal loads such as wind
loads and sway forces.
a. Moment Frame
b. Moment-Resisting Frame
c. Dual System
d. Portal Frame

105. A structural material which is a combination of concrete and

steel wherein the steel reinforcement provides the tensile strength
lacking in the concrete. Steel reinforcing is also capable of resisting
compression forces.
a. Concrete Building
b. Reinforced Concrete
c. Composite Column
d. Built-Up Section
106. Small beams usually arranged in parallel with others to support
a floor, roof or ceiling. In domestic construction, these are usually of
timber, but steel and concrete are also used.
a. Joists
b. Girts
c. Purlins
d. Beams

107. It is a measure of force causing a turning effect due to an offset

distance between the line of action and reaction. This is used to assess
problems of bending in beams, or overturning in structures such as
retaining walls or dams.
a. Couple
b. Torsion
c. Shear
d. Moment

108. These are imposed loads imparted to a structure by the objects

that it supports, such as people, furniture, vehicles and so on.
a. Gravity Load
b. Impact Load
c. Dead Load
d. Live Load

109. Is that which is built or constructed, an edifice or building of any

kind, any piece of work artificially built up or composed of parts joined
together in some definite manner.
a. Framing System
b. Building
c. Structure
d. Infrastructures

110. Any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any

use or occupancy.
a. Framing System
b. Building
c. Structure
d. Infrastructures

111. Any change, addition or modification in construction or

occupancy, is termed as:
a. Alteration
b. Change
c. Change Order
d. Revision

112. Aviation Control Towers is under what occupancy category?

a. Essential Facilities
b. Hazardous Facilities
c. Standard Facilities
d. Special Occupancy Structures
113. A force applied parallel to the longitudinal axis of a structural
member but not to the centroid of the cross section, producing bending
and uneven distribution of stresses in the section.
a. Axial Load
b. Parallel Force
c. Eccentric Load
d. Moment

114. An upright compression member with a ratio of unsupported

height to average lateral dimensions of less than 3.
a. Short column
b. Pedestal
c. Isolated footing
d. Platform

115. An instrument used for measuring minute deformations in

bodies under transverse stress.
a. Deflectometer
b. Extensometer
c. Strain gage
d. Platform

116. It is a sensor whose resistance varies with applied force; It

converts force, pressure, tension, weight, etc., into a change in
electrical resistance which can then be measured.
a. Deflectometer
b. Extensometer
c. Strain gage
d. Platform

117. What is the minimum size of wooden post?

a. 4” x 4”
b. 6” x 6”
c. 6” x 8”
d. 8” x 8”

118. Amount of water required in gallons per bag of cement to

produce 3000psi concrete?
a. Not less than 3
b. Not less than 4
c. Not less than 5
d. Not less than 6

119. Curing plays a vital role in concrete strength

development and durability. After adding water to the
concrete mix (Cement, Sand & Gravel), the exothermic
reaction takes place, which helps the concrete to harden.
Exothermic reaction means:
a. Hydration
b. Setting
c. Hardening
 d. Mixing

120. When concrete is poured, concrete starts to flow like water

sometimes cavities/voids are formed in concrete when concrete does
not reach all places. If it is not vibrated properly it may leave voids
exposing the aggregate. These voids not only reduce the strength but
also provides passage for water which in turn corrodes reinforcement
bars. What do you call the voids?
a. Pores
b. Honeycomb
c. Spaces
d. Cavities