SULIT

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS

Peperiksaan Akhir Semester Pertama

Sidang Akademik 2019/2020

Disember 2019 I Januari 2020

EKT 474 - Internet of Things (loT)

[Objek Rangkaian Internet]

Masa: 3jam

Please make sure that this paper has ELEVEN (11) printed pages including this front
page before you start the examination.
[Sila pastikan kertas soalan ini mengandungi SEBELAS (11) muka sural yang bercetak termasuk muka
hadapan sebelum anda memulakan peperiksaan ini.]

This question paper has FOUR (4) questions. Answer ALL questions. Each question
contributes 25 marks.
[Kertas soalan ini mengandungi EMPAT (4) soalan. Jawab SEMUA soalan. Markah bagi tiap-tiap
soalan adalah 25 markah.]

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Question 1
[Soalan 1]

Internet of Things (loT) is technology that is revolutionizing the consumer and

industrial sector. An loT devices usually consists of the use of sensors (input
transducers) and actuators (output transducers) together with network connectivity.
[Objek Rangkaian Internet (loT) adalah satu teknologi yang merevolusikan sektor pengguna dan
perindustrian. Perkakasan loT secara lazimnya melibatkan penggunaan penderia (pemindaharuh
masukan) dan penggerak (pemindaharuh keluaran) bersama capaian ranglcaian.]

(C3, COl POl)

(a) Smart city is one of the use cases for loT deployment in an urban environment.
Describe TWO (2) possible loT deployment that could be developed for smart city
and explain the advantages of such deployment to increase quality of life in a city.
{Bondar pintar merupalcan satu kes guna bagi implementasi loT di dalam persekitaran bandar.
Jelaskan DUA (2) kemungkinan imp/ementasi loT yang bo/eh dibangunkan bagi bandar pintar dan
terangkan kelebihan implementasi tersebut bagi meningkatkan kualiti hidup di bandar.}
(4 Marks/ Markah)

(C3, COl POl)

(b) Recently hit with the haze situatio~ an urgent solution is needed to better monitor
the environment and avoid such situation from repeating in the future. Describe how
loT could help in avoiding the haze problem from happening.
{Masalah jerebu yang baru menimpa negara memerlukan penyelesaian segera bagi memantau
persekitaran dan mengelakkan situasi sama daripada berulang. Terangkan bagaimana loT dapat
membantu mengelakkan masalah jerebu daripada berulang.}
(4 Marks/ Markah)

(C2, COl POl)

(c) Distinguish TWO (2) key differences between active and passive transducer and
proceed to give ONE (1) examples for each transducer type.
{Bezakan DUA (2) perbandingan utama di antara penderia aktif dan penderia pasif dan berikan
SATU (I) contoh bagi setiapjenis penderia}
(4 Marks/ Markah)

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Current
Photo Voltaic ---~•""II
_ Photo Conductive Region
Region

20,000 lmfm2

15,000 lmfm 2
10,000 lmfm 2
()() 9-
5000 lrr/m2 ~

-0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
Reverse Voltage Forward Voltage
Figure 1
[Rajah lj

(C3, COl POl)

(d) Figure 1 shows a generic response of a photodiode both in forward and reverse
biased configuration. Describe the advantage of reverse biasing a photodiode and a
situation where it could be implemented.
{Rajah 1 menunjukkan keluaran umum bagi fotodiod di dalam konfigurasi pincang depan dan
pincang balikan. Jelaskan kelebihan fotodiod dalam mod pincang balikan dan berikan satu situasi
di mana ia boleh digunakan.}
(5 Marks/ Markah)

(CS, COl POl)

(e) Propose which is the best temperature transducer for an engine monitoring system
in subzero temperatures. Assume measurement range from 0 oc to 180 oc and
environmental range from -50 oc to 50 °C. Justify your answer.
{Cadangkan penderia suhu terbaik bagi sistem pemantauan enjin di dalam suhu negatif Anggap
julat pemantauan dari 0 °C sehingga 180 °C dan suhu persekitaran dari -50 °C hingga 50 °C.
Berikan justifikasi bagi jawapan anda.}
(4 Marks/ Markah)

(C3, COl POl)

(f) Describe a situation where too much sensitivity could be detrimental to an loT
device and propose a solution to avoid this problem from happening.
{Huraikan satu situasi di mana kepekaan terlalu tinggi boleh merosakkan peranti loT dan
cadangkan satu penyelesaian bagi mengelakkan masalah ini daripada berlaku.}
(4 Marks/ Markah)

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Question 2
{Soalan2}

Device to device communication in an loT implementation could be done through wired

or wireless communication protocols. Some of the popular peripheral communication
protocols include Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), Inter-Integrated-Circuit (12C) and
Universal Asynchronous Reception and Transmission (UART).
[Komunikasi antara peranti Ire peranti dalam implementasi loT boleh dilakukan melalui protokol
komunikasi dengan wayar ataupun tanpa wayar. Antara protokol komunikasi peranti yang popular
adalah termasuk Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), Litar Antaramuka-bersepadu (/2C) dan Universal
Asynchronous Reception and Transmission (UAR1).]

(C4, C02 P02)

(a) Identify TWO (2) possible problem regarding UART connectivity if it is used for
multi-device communication in an loT system.
[Kenai pastikan DUA (2) masalah yang mungkin berlaku sekiranya UART digunakan dalam
komunikasi berbilang peranti di dalam sistem loT}
(4 Marks/ Marlwh)

(CS, C02 P02)

(b) Illustrate a circuit diagram showing the required connection to implement 12C
communication from 1 master to 4 slave devices.
{Lukis gambarajah litar yang menunjukkan sambungan yang perlu bagi melaksanalwn komunikasi
PC dari 1 nod induk kepada 4 peranti hamba.}
(4 Marks/ Marlwh)

Temperature measurement 857861 S

[Link] aenaora with bendable wires 8861
Electrical specification and ordering codes

R25 Component length No. of Rff 8 251100 Ordering code

n mm characteristic K
B value tolerance • 0.3%, resistance tolerance • ±1%
5k 50 8016 3988±0.3% B5786180502F045
10k 50 8016 3988±0.3% 85786180103F045
30k 50 8018 3964±0.3% B5786180303F045
B value tolerance =1%, resistance tolerance ±1% =
10 k l35o l8o16 la988 ±1% IB5786180103A039
B value tolerance =1.0%, resistance tolerance =±1 %, ±3% or ±5%
2k 50 1008 3560±1% 85786180202+040
3k 50 8016 3988±1% 85786180302+040
5k 50 8016 3988±1% 85786180502+040
10 k 50 8016 3988±1% 85786180103+040
30k 50 8018 3964±1% 85786180303+040
50k 50 2901 3760±1% 85786180503+040
Figure 2
{Rajah2/

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(C4, COl POl)

(c) Figure 2 shows a TDK 8861 series thermistor· specification. Calculate the
thermistor response at these temperatures if S0303F045 thermistor in Figure 2 is

used for measurement. Given that R2 R1 X e = (~-~)

[Rajah 2 menunjukkan spesifikasi bagi termistor siri S861 daripada TDK Kirakan keluaran
termistor pada suhu berikut sekiranya termistor S0303F045 di dalam Rajah 2 digunakan di dalam
pengukuran. Diberikan bahawa R2 = R1 X /!;.~)]
(i) 0 degrees Celsius
{0 darjah Celsius]
(4 Marks/ Marleah)
(ii) 100 degrees Celsius
[100 darjah Celsius]
(4 Marks/ Markah)

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•100 ·75 ·SO ·25 0 25 50 75 100 125 ISO 175

TEMPERATURE ( 0 C)
Figure 3
[Rajah3J
(C6, COl P02)
(d) Figure 3 shows the response curve for 0.3K3A1 and 10K3Al thermistor.
[Rajah 3 menunjukkan grajrespons bagi termistor siri 0.3K3A1 dan 10K3A1}

(i) Design a Wheatstone bridge sensing circuit that is balanced at 0 oc for the
0.3K3A1 thermistor given in Figure 3 if the loT system has a theoretical
monitoring range from -50 °C to 100 °C. Assume a supply voltage of5V.
[Rekabentuk litar pengesan Titi Wheatstone yang terimbang pada suhu 0 °C bagi termistor
0.3K3A1 di dalam Rajah 3 sekiranya sistem loT mempunyaijulat pemantauan dari -50 °C
sehingga 100 °C. Anggap vo/tan bekalan 5V.]
(5 Marks/ Markah)

(ii) Calculate the Wheatstone bridge output at -50 oc and 100 °C.
[Kirakan keluaran Titi Wheatstone tersebut pada suhu 0 oc dan 100 °C}
(4 Marks/ Marleah)
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Question 3
[Soalan 3}

MiniSense I 00 is an analog vibration sensor that is able to detect vibrational forces on

its axis. It is an active vibration sensor that offers high sensitivity at low frequencies
and does not require any external excitation current to operate.
The sensor has a high output sensitivity of 1V /1g force and the output AC signal could
swing up to ±90V. An example response of the sensor when vibrated with 20g force is
given in Figure 4.
[MiniSense I 00 merupakan penderia getaran analog yang mampu mengesan getaran pada paksinya. Ia
merupakan penderia aktifyang memberikan kepekaan tinggi pada kadar 1 V/lg getaran dan isyarat AC
yang diberikon penderia tersebut mampu mencapai ±90V. Contoh tindak ba/as penderia tersebut apabila
diberikon getaran 20g diberikan dalam Rajah 4.]

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Figure 4
[Rajah4}

As an engineer, you were tasked in developing an loT remote monitoring system with
cloud connectivity. Integrate the sensor into your system and propose a solution to
monitor machine vibration between 10 Hz to 100 Hz.
[Sebagai seorangjurutera, anda ditugaskon bagi membangunkan peranti loT bagi sistem pemantauan
jarak jauh dengan sambungan awan. Integrasikon penderia ini dalam sistem dan cadangkan cara
penyelesaian bagi memantau getaran mesin di antara 10Hz hingga 100Hz.]

(CS, C03 P03)

(a) Illustrate the block diagram of your proposed system and explain the function of
each block. Justify your selection for the controller block.
[Lukiskon gambarajah blok bagi sistem yang dicadangkon dan terangkan fungsi bagi setiap blok.
Jelaskan pemilihan anda bagi pengawa/ sistem.]
(4 Marks/ Markah)

(CS, C03 P03)

(b) Illustrate a flowchart for the working system to alert users of vibrations above I Og.
[Lukiskan carta alir bagi sistem yang dicadangkan bagi memberi amaran pada pengguna
sekiranya getaran melebihi I Og.]
(4 Marks/ Markah)
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(C6, C03 P03)

(c) The output sensitivity of the sensor is too high for most loT devices. Design a
solution to reduce the sensitivity of the sensor from lV/lg to 0.05V/lg force.
[Kepekaan penderia tersebut adalah terlalu tinggi bagi kebanyakan peranti loT. Rekabentuk satu
penyelesaian bagi mengurangkan kepekaan penderia tersebut dari JV/lg getaran kepada
[Link]/lg getaran.}
(4 Marks/ Markah)

(C6, C03 P03)

(d) Assuming the loT device utilizes a 10-bit ADC with an input limit of IV, design
an amplifier protection circuit to limit the input to 50g force after the circuit
proposed in (c). Explain your design.
[Andaikan peranti loT tersebut menggunakan ADC 10-bit dengan hod mosukan 1 V, rekabentuk
litar perlindungan bagi mengehadkan nilai mosukan kepada daya SOg selepas litar yang
dicadangkan dalam (c). Jelaskan rekabentuk yang anda cadangkan.}
(6 Marks/ Mar/cah)

(C4, C03 P03)

(e) If the amplifier suggested in (d) has an input impedance of 1Ok 0 and the sensor
has an output impedance of 1OOk 0, calculate the effective input seen at the
amplifier. Assume a sensor output of 1.5V.
[Sekiranya penguat yang dicadangkan di (d) mempunyai galangan mosukan JOk n dan penderia
yang digunakan mempunyai galangan keluaran 1OOk {l, kirakan mosukan efektifpada penguat.
Anggap keluaran penderia bemilai 1.5V]
(4 Marks/ Markah)

(C6, C03 P03)

(f) Propose a suitable network communication, protocols and cloud services
implementation for the system to allow the system to be connected and monitored
remotely from the Internet.
[Cadangkan komunikasi rangkaian, protokol dan perkhidmatan awan yang bersesuaian untuk
sistem bagi membolehlwn sistem dicapai dan dipantau dari Internet.]
(3 Marks/ Markah)

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Question 4
(Soalan4}

The ADXL335 is a small, thin, low power, complete 3-axis MEMS accelerometer with
signal conditioned voltage outputs. The product measures acceleration with a minimum
full-scale range of ±3 g. You were tasked to develop a health bracelet with fall detection
system for use by the elderly. The ADXL335 accelerometer block diagram is given in
Figure 5 and its specifications is given in Appendix A. As an IoT engineer, were tasked
in the design and development of the bracelet. The system is to be deployed in a nursing
home with 100 users.

The monitoring condition for the system is given below:

a) Og- lg: normal
b) lg- 2g: buzzer
c) >2g: potential fall alert

[ADXL335 adalah satu meter pecut 3 paksi MEMS yang keci/, nipis, berkuasa rendah dan /engkap
dengan keluaran isyarat yang te/ah disesuaikan. Produk ini mengukur pecutan berska/a penuh ±3 g.
Anda Ielah ditugaskan bagi membangunkan satu gelang kesihatan yang berupaya mengesan sekiranya
pemakainya terjatuh bagi digunakan oleh warga emas. Gambarajah blok bagi meter pecut ADXL335
diberikan dalam Rajah 5 dan spesifikasi penuh terdapat pada Lampiran A. Sebagai seorang jurutera
loT, anda diberikan tugas bagi rekabentuk dan pembangunan gelang tersebut. Sistem ini akan digunakan
da/am satu rumah penjagaan dengan 100 orang pengguna.]

Syarat pemantauan bagi sistem tersebut adalah seperti berikut:

a) Og- 1g: normal
b) 1g- 2g: amaran bunyi
~ >2g:amaranjmuh]

FUNCTIONAL BLOCKDIAGRAM
+3V

T
r6Vs
ADXL335
- OUTPUTAMP
-32kO lx~uT
~Cx
3-AXIS

Coc
=
SENSOR --
--
ACAMP --
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-- OUTPUT AMP
-32k0 YoUT
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h r-

-32k0
VCy

ZoUT
OUTPUT AMP

L(). T ~Cz
COM ST
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Figure 5
(RajahS}

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(CS, C03 P03)

(a) Design a block diagram and flowchart for the systems integration with any
necessary supporting modules for the system operation. The system must be able
to detect any possible fall and alert the nurse station. Explain your design
considerations and communication architectures selected for implementation.
[Rekabentuk gambarajah blok dan carla alir bagi inlegrasi sistem tersebut dengan modu1 sokongan
lain yang diperlukan bagi menyokong operasi sistem. Sistem yang dibangunkan perlu berupaya
mengesan sebarang kemungkinanjatuh dan memberikan amaran pada stesen jururawat. Jelaskan
sebarang pertimbangan dalam rekabentuk dan pilihan senibina komunikasi yang dipilih]
(10 Marks/ Markah)

(C6, C03 P03)

(b) Propose a complete system design ranging from amplifier circuit design, filter
design, component values and selection to achieve the system requirements. State
any justification and reasoning for the decision. Assume a monitoring bandwidth
of 10 samples per second. Show your calculation (if any).
[Cadangkan satu rekabentuk sistem lengkap merangkumi rekabentuk litar penguat, rekabentuk
penapis, nilai dan pilihan komponen yang digunakan bagi mencapai kehendak sistem. Nyatakan
sebarang justifikasi dan alasan dalam keputusan yang diambil. Anggap Iebar jalur pemantauan
pada 10 sampel sesaat. Tunjukkan pengiraan anda (sekiranya ada).]
(15 Marks/ Markah)

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APPENDIX A
[Lampiran A]

ADXL335 1
SPECIFICATIONS
T" = 25°C, Vs =3 V. Cx =C'" = Cz = 0.1 [Link], acceleration = 0 g, unless otherwise noted. All minimum and maximum specifications are
guaranteed. Typical specifications are not guaranteed.

Table I.
Parameter Conditions Min 1Jp Max Unit
SENSOR INPUT Each axis
Measurement Range ±3 ±3.6 g
Nonlinearity % of full scale ±0.3 %
Package Alignment Error ±1 Degrees
lnteraxis Alignment Error ±0.1 Degrees
Cross-Axis Sensitivity 1 ±1 %
SENSITIVITY (RATIOMETRIC) 2 Each axis
Sensitivity at Xovr, Your, Zour Vs=3V 270 300 330 mvtg
Sensitivity Change Due to Temperature 3 Vs=3V ±0.01 %rC
ZERO g BIAS LEVEL (RATIOMETRIC)
0 g Voltage at Xour, Your Vs=3V 1.35 1.5 1.65 v
0 g Voltage at Zour Vs=3V 1.2 1.5 1.8 v
0 g Offset vs. Temperature ±1 mgrc
NOISE PERFORMANCE
Noise Density Xour, Your 150 Jlg/..JHz rms
Noise Density Zour 300 Jlg/..JHz rms
FREQUENCY RESPONSE 4
Bandwidth Xour, Yovr 5 No external filter 1600 Hz
Bandwidth Zou,-5 No external filter 550 Hz
RAt.r Tolerance 32± 15% kO
Sensor Resonant Frequency 5.5 kHz
SELF-TEST6
Logic Input Low +0.6 v
Logic Input High +2.4 v
ST Actuation Current +60 llA
Output Change at Xour Self-Test 0 to Self-Test 1 -150 -325 -600 mV
Output Change at Your Self-Test 0 to Self-Test 1 +150 +325 +600 mV
Output Change at Zour Self-Test 0 to Self-Test 1 +150 +550 +1000 mV
OUTPUT AMPLIFIER
Output Swing Low No load 0.1 v
Output Swing High No load 2.8 v
POWER SUPPLY
Operating Voltage Range 1.8 3.6 v
Supply Current Vs=3V 350 llA
Turn-On Time 7 No external filter 1 ms
TEMPERATURE
Operating Temperature Range -40 +85 ·c

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Course Outcomes (COs)

COl Ability to evaluate and assemble sensors and actuators to IoT devices.
Ability to interface and synthesize input-output signals using external
C02
interfaces on loT devices.
Ability to design and integrate a complete Internet of Things solution to the
C03
Internet.

Program Outcomes (POs)

PO 01 Apply knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals and

an engineering specialization as specified in WK.l to WK4 respectively to
the solution of com lex en · eerin roblems
PO 02 Identify, formulate, research literature and analyze complex engineering
problems substantiated conclusions the first principles in mathematics,
natural sciences and en · eerin sciences 1 to WK4
PO 03 Design solutions for complex engineering problems and design system,
components or processes that meets the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for public health and safety, cultural, societal, and
environmental consideration.

-oooOooo-

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