Biot(2107) Principles of Genetics
college of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of
Biotechnology
Name:ABEZAW TAMIU CHEKOL ……….Ets0073/16
Lab partner: Group one members
Title:morphological difference between smooth and wrinkled field peas
Experiment Date: Nov 19, 2024
submitted To: Gizachew Haile (Ph.D)
Submission Date: Dec 2, 2024:
[Link]:morphological difference between smooth and wrinkled field peas
[Link] : observe phenotypic appearance of garden pea
3. Introduction:
: seed color (yellow vs. green) and seed shape (round vs. wrinkled) are posses dihybrid cross of men. The
hypothesis was that these traits follow Mendelian inheritance patterns and the offspring should display
a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio for a dihybrid cross (YYRR × YyRr).
Purposes of experiment was to determine the phenotypic distribution of seed color and shape from a
sample of 64 pea seeds, compare it to the expected Mendelian ratio.
4. Materials and Methods:
Material s
- 64 pea seeds
- Paper towels (to put seeds)
- Pen (for recording data)
Methods:
64 pea seeds were obtained from a dihybrid cross (assumed to be between YyRr × YyRr plants).
Each seed was classified based on its seed color (yellow or green) and seed shape (round or
wrinkled).
The seeds were grouped into four phenotypic categoriesans
- Yellow Round (YYRR, YyRR, YYRr, YyRr)
- Yellow Wrinkled (YYrr, Yyrr)
- Green Round (yyRR, yyRr)
- Green Wrinkled (yyrr)
The number of seeds in each category was recorded, and the total number of defective seeds was
noted.
The observed data was compared to the expected Mendelian ratio (9:3:3:1) .
5. Results:
The following table summarizes the observed phenotypes and the total number of defective
Phenotype of 64dseeds Expected Observed
Yellow -Round 36 15
Yellow -wrinkled 12 10
Green -Round 12 8
Green -wrinkled 4 6
Defective _ 25
Figure 1. observed. Pea seeds
Note: The total number of seeds observed was 64, but only 55, seeds were used in the analysis (due to
defective seeds).
6. Discussion:
The expected phenotypic ratio from a dihybrid cross (YyRr × YyRr) is 9:3:3:1 (yellow round : yellow
wrinkled : green round : green wrinkled). Based on 55 viable seeds, the expected number of seeds in
each category should have been, 36,12,12,4.
While the overall distribution was fairly close to the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio, there were some deviations.
These could be due to sampling errors, environmental influences, or genetic factors not accounted for in
the initial hypothesis.
The presence of 9 defective seeds was noted. Defective seeds could be the result of several factors:.
Genetic Mutations , EnvironmentalFactors, ,Mechanical Damage ,Cross-Pollination or Hybridization
[Link]
7. Conclusion:
The experiment demonstrated that pea plants follow the expected Mendelian inheritance patterns for
seed color and seed shape, with some differenece from the predicted 9:3:3:1 ratio. These deviations
were likely due to sampling errors and the presence of defective seeds.
8. References
(Hartl, D. L. and Jones, E. W. (1998). Genetics: Principles and Analysis, (4thed). Jones
and Bartlett publishers, Massachusett)