CHAPTER II

Methods

This chapter provides the methods used in this phenomenological study specially
the research design, role of the researcher, locale of the study, participant of the study,
instrumentations, data gathering, phenomenological data, ethical considerations,
anonymity clause.

Research Design

This study will employ qualitative phenomenological design. This approach will
collect or gather, analyze, interpret and give data results that are enabling to answer the
research questions and provide further recommendations. It seeks to find out the live
experiences and the challenges of non-readers as they encounter problems and struggles
in their reading class. The qualitative approach is deemed appropriate for this
investigation because Creswell (2009) confirms that it is good to adopt case studies for
explorative research, where an analytical approach can be adopted by using theory to
collate and investigate experiences or practices. Creswell (2009) also suggested that the
research embark on the quest to understanding by entering in the field of perception of
participants, seeing how they experienced, live and display the phenomenon, and looking
for the meaning of the participants’ experiences. Thus, the researcher is interested in this
design since Solokowski (2010) believed that phenomenological study contributes to
deeper understanding attributed to the individual lived experiences of non-readers of
which according to McBride and Schostak (2008), a quantitative study could not provide.

Role of the Researcher

In the study, the researcher was make a plan and perform experiments and
surveys. Collect, record and analyze data. Interpret data analysis result and draw
inference and conclusions. Present research result to committee. Use research results to
write reports, papers and reviews and present findings in purnals and conferences.

Locale of the Study

 The participants for this qualitative study were 8 selected junior high school
students from salunayan high school. The researcher used purpose sampling in the study.
This is a non- probability sampling where selection of participants was based on the
characteristics of the population an objective of the study. The researcher explained to the
selected senior high school students that they were the NRs of the study, the purpose of
the research, how the researcher was done and how it was protected with confidentiality.

Participant of the Study

The participants of the study were selected 8 students who are the non-readers in
salunayan high school based on the criteria set by the researcher. The researcher was
chosen 8 students for they where who are the non-readers. Their move, skill and strength
were the primary source of the study. Moreover, the researcher wanted to delve into their
live experience being a student who are non-readers their classes towards that key study.
Educators have acknowledge that student in junior high school who are non-readers in
their class. Most of the students who are non-readers their class is they are catchy by the
teachers who is vacant and by the guard. They are mindful to their skipping in their class.
However they are dealing with that situation of them without notice by their parents.

All student who to non-readers will answered the same set of questions as stated
in the interview guide. The interview proper was preset. Meeting selected students who
are the non-readers and gave the researcher the opportunity to communicate with them
personally. Luckily among, they responded positively with faith and goodwill. The
conversations took place in a certain place where they felt comfortable and their feelings
shared openly. The researcher asked them for their approval before the interview that an
audio video recorder would be used to interview proper. All of them accommodate the
request and understood that aside from their identify and names would not be mentioned
in the study.

Respondents Gender Age Grade and Barangay

section
NR1 Female 12 7-Duterte Kadigasan
NR2 Male 12 7-Quirino Tumbras
 NR3 Female 13 7-Quirino Tumbras
NR4 Male 12 7-Duterte Malingao
NR5 Female 12 7-Quirino Tumbras
NR6 Female 13 8-Jade Tumbras
NR7 Male 14 8-Jade Malingao
NR8 Female 14 8-Jade Malingao

Instrumentation

In order to answer the objectives of the study, a semi-structure interview as the

guide questions was prepared by the researcher. The guide questions in the study
consisted of two parts. Part I is the preliminaries and Part II consisted of four main
questions with probing questions which lasted for 45minutes

Part I Preliminaries

1. How are you today?

2. What is your grade level ?
3. How old are you ?
4. Where do lived?

Part II Main Questions

1. What are the lived experiences of the non-readers in terms of written works,
performance task and periodical test?
a. Do you go to school regularly? How?
b. Do you participate when there are quizzes in school? How about
performance task and periodical tests?
c. Did you read and understand the instruction well before taking the tests?
Why?
d. What happened to your scores? Did you pass?
e. How did you survive in your elementary years?
f. What are the most difficult challenges you experienced when you cannot
read?
 2. What are the problems encountered by the students daily caused by the lack of
reading skills? How do they describe their feelings?
a. What are your daily problems in school and in the community caused by
the in ability to read? Is bullying your problem?
b. How do you describe your feelings when you need to read and understand
but you cannot?
c. What did you do to be able to overcome all your problems in reading and
understanding?
3. What strategies or interventions were undertaken by the non-readers to be able to
read or acquire reading skill?
a. Did you undergo a reading intervention program?
b. What are the reasons that made the intervention successful, that help you
read a little? Or it did not help you read?
c. Did your parents help you to read? How?
d. Can you text message and post un Facebook? Why?
4. What challenges or barriers have emerged in those interventions?
a. If you have undergo a reading intervention, who gave the intervention?
b. What are the difficulties you have encountered while you have the reading
intervention? Why?
c. What do you think is the main barrier for you that you have not learned to
read? Why?

Data Gathering

Before conducting this study, the researcher will send a letter requested to the
faculty and staff of Salunayan high school to seek permission. The approved letter will be
presented to the participants as well as the informed consent form. The participants will
sign the informed consent form to signify their voluntary participation in the conduct of
this study. After which, the researcher will individually interview the participants of their
agreed time and place but before conducting the interview, the participants will given 45
minutes to review the question and prepare himself/herself. Lastly. The researcher will
conduct the formal interview. The participants can answer the interview guide using their
experience. Their answer will be recorded, transcribe and translated to English language
for the analysis and interpretation of the data.

Phenomenological Data

This study will use to colloizi method in analyzing the data. This method will be
used to find, understand, describe, and present the personal experiences, challenges and
coping strategies of the Junior High School Students. This method has seven(7) steps to
consider. First, the researcher will read the transcript to be familiar with data. Second, the
researchers will identify the extracts significant statements from the responses of the
respondents. Third, the statements will be analyzed and interpreted by the researchers to
create meanings. Fourth, the researchers will have categorized the statements with the
themes or meaning. Fifth, the researchers will define all emergent themes into a
comprehensive description. Sixth, the researchers will describe the fundamental structure
of the phenomenon. Lastly, the finding will be returned to the respondents for
verification.

Ethical Consideration

In view to the fact that in this study, data gathered will be treated with outmost
confidentially in order to safeguard personal details and identity of the participants
involved in the study and to ensure the reliability of the research. Finally, all the
responses will remain confidential and all the statements quoted will be coded to
maintain the obscurity of the informants.

Anonymity Clause

The students who wish to report instances of non-readers may do so

anonymously. The researchers provide secure information about what they collect
information in the participants and ensure that the identity will be safe.