Chemical Reactions and Equations

Assertion & Reason Type Questions

Directions: Each of the following questions consists of two statements, one is Assertion (A) and
the other is Reason (R). Give answer:

a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation
of Assertion (A).

b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).

c. Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.

d. Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.

Q1. Assertion (A): Rusting of iron is endothermic in nature.

Reason (R): As the reaction is slow, the release of heat is barely evident. (CBSE SQP
2023-24)

Q2. Assertion (A): Burning of natural gas is an endothermic process.

Reason (R): Methane gas combines with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. (CBSE 2021
Term-1)

Q3. Assertion (A): Reaction of quicklime with water is an exothermic reaction.

Reason (R): Quicklime reacts vigorously with water releasing a large amount of heat. (CBSE 2023)
Q4. Assertion (A): When an iron rod is dipped into a solution of copper sulphate, copper is displaced.
Reason (R): Iron is more reactive than copper.

Q5. Assertion (A): Silver bromide decomposition is used in black and white photography.

Reason (R): Light provides energy for this exothermic reaction. (CBSE SQP
2022-23)

Q6. Assertion (A): 2H₂S(g) + O₂(g) ⟶ 2S(s) + 2H₂O(l) is a redox reaction.

Reason (R): In this reaction, oxidation of H₂S to S and reduction of O₂ to H₂O takes place.

Q7. Assertion (A): Rusting can be prevented by applying a layer of oil and grease.

Reason (R): The whole of iron deteriorates due to rust.

Q8. Assertion (A): Chips manufacturers usually flush bags of chips with gas such as nitrogen to prevent
the chips from getting oxidised.
Reason (R): This increases the taste of the chips and helps in their digestion.
Q9. Assertion (A) : Decomposition of vegetable matter into compost is an example of
exothermic reactions.
Reason (R) : Exothermic reaction are those reactions in which heat is evolved.

Q10. Assertion (A) : When HCl is added to zinc granules, a chemical reaction occurs.
Reason (R) : Evolution of a gas and change in colour indicate that the chemical reaction is
taking place.

Q11. Assertion (A) : Calcium carbonate when heated gives calcium oxide and water.

Reason (R) : On heating calcium carbonate, decomposition reaction takes place.

Q12. Assertion (A) : Brown fumes are produced when lead nitrate is heated.
Reason (R) : Nitrogen dioxide gas is produced as a by product due to the decomposition of
lead nitrate.

Q13. Assertion (A) : White silver chloride turns grey in sunlight.

Reason (R) : Decomposition of silver chloride in presence of sunlight takes place to form
silver metal and chlorine gas.

Q14. Assertion (A): Pungent smelling gas is produced when sulphur burns in air.

Reason (R) : Sulphur trioxide is formed on reaction of sulphur with oxygen.

Q15. Assertion (A) : In a reaction of copper with oxygen, copper serves as a reducing agent.
Reason (R) : The substance which gains oxygen in a chemical reaction acts as a reducing
agent.
Q16. Assertion (A) : In electrolysis of water, the volume of hydrogen liberated is twice
the volume of oxygen formed.

Reason (R) : Water (H,0) has hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of 1:2 by volume.

Q17. Assertion (A): Corrosion of iron is commonly known as rusting.

Reason (R) : Corrosion of iron occurs in presence of water and air.

Q18. Assertion (A) : The balancing of chemical equations is based on law of

conservation of mass.

Reason (R) : Total mass of reactants is equal to total mass of products.

Q19. Assertion (A): In a balanced chemical equation, total mass of the reactants is equal to the
total mass of the products.
Reason (R): Mass can neither be created nor destroyed during a chemical change.
Q20. Assertion (A): Iron articles are painted so as to prevent them from rusting.

Reason (R) : When the surface of iron is coated with paint, its surface does not come in
contact with oxygen and moisture therefore rusting does not take place.

Q21. Assertion (A) : Chemical reaction changes the physical and chemical state of a substance.
Reason (R) : When electric current is passed through water (liquid), it decomposes to produce
hydrogen and oxygen gases.

Q22. Assertion (A): When calcium carbonate is heated, it decomposes to give calcium oxide
and carbon dioxide.
Reason (R): The decomposition reaction takes place on application of heat, therefore, it is an
endothermic reaction.
Q23. Assertion (A): Zinc reacts with sulphuric acid to form zinc sulphate and hydrogen gas and it
is a displacement reaction.

Reason (R): Zinc reacts with oxygen to form zinc oxide

Q24. Assertion (A): Chips manufacturers usually Ilush bags of chips with gas such as nitrogen
to prevent the chips from getting oxidised.

Reason (R): This increase the taste ot the chips and helps in their digestion.

Q25. Assertion (A): Exposure of silver chloride to sunlight for a long duration turns grey due
to the formation of silver by decomposition of silver chloride.

Reason (R): In this process, sublimation of silver chloride takes place.

Q26. Assertion (A): Rusting of iron metal is the most common form of corrosion.

Reason (R): The effect of rusting of iron can be reversed if they are left open in sunlight.

Q27. Assertion (A): AgBr is used on photographic and X-ray film.

Reason (R): AgBr is photosensitive and changes to Ag and bromine in presence of sunlight
and undergoes decomposition reaction.
Q28. Assertion (A): Magnesium ribbon keeps on burning in atmosphere of nitrogen.

Reason (R) : Magnesium reacts with nitrogen to form magnesium nitride and this reaction is
combination reaction.
Q29. Assertion (A): A lead nitrate on thermal decomposition gives lead oxide, brown coloured
nitrogen dioxide and oxygen gas.

Reason (R): Lead nitrate reacts with potassium iodide to form yellow ppt. of lead iodide and the
reaction is double displacement as well as precipitation reaction.
 Acids, Bases and Salts

Assertion & Reason Type Questions

Q1. Assertion (A): Bases change red litmus solution into blue litmus solution.

Reason (R): Bases give hydroxide ions in aqueous solution.

Q2. Assertion (A): Clove oil is an olfactory indicator.

Reason (R): Smell of clove can be characterised in acidic medium, but it cannot be recognised in
basic medium.

Q3. Assertion (A): Non-metallic oxides react with bases to form salt and water.

Reason (R): Non-metallic oxides are acidic in nature.

Q4. Assertion (A): Hydrochloric acid is a stronger acid than acetic acid.
Reason (R): On dissociation, hydrochloric acid yields lesser hydrogen ions for the same concentration as
compared to acetic acid.
Q5. Assertion (A): Strength of acid or base decreases with dilution.
Reason (R): lonisation of an acid or a base increase with dilution.

Q6. Assertion (A): To dilute concentrated sulphuric acid, water is added to the acid slowly.

Reason (R): A lot of heat energy will be given out in the dilution of concentrated sulphuric acid.

Q7. Assertion (A): Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used as an ingredient in antacids.

Reason (R): NaHCO3 is a mild non-corrosive basic salt.

Q8. Assertion (A): During electrolysis of concentrated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, chlorine
gas is given off at the cathode and hydrogen gas at the anode.

Reason (R): lons in electrolytes are attracted to the oppositely charged electrodes.

Q9. Assertion (A): Plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture proof container.

Reason (R): Plaster of Paris is a powdery mass that absorbs water to form a hard solid, gypsum.
Q10. Assertion (A) : The acid must always be added to water with constant stirring.
Reason (R) : Mixing of an acid with water decreases the concentration of H+ ions per unit
volume.
Q11. Assertion (A) : Copper sulphate crystals are wet because it contains water of
crystallisation.

Reason (R) : Water of crystallisation is the fixed number of molecules of water present in
one formula unit of salt.
Q12. Assertion (A) : The aqueous solutions of glucose and alcohol do not show acidic
character.
Reason (R) : Aqueous solutions of glucose and alcohol do not give H+ ions.

Q13. Assertion (A) : HCl gas does not change the colour of dry blue litmus paper.

Reason (R) : HCl gas dissolves in the water present in wet litmus paper to form H+ ions.

Q14. Assertion (A) : Weak acids have low electrical conductivity.

Reason (R) : Strong acids and weak acids have equal concentration of hydrogen ions in
their solutions.

Q15. Assertion (A): Pure water is neither acidic nor basic.

Reason (R) : The pH of a solution is inversely proportional to the concentration of hydrogen

ions in it.

Q16. Assertion (A) : During electrolysis of concentrated aqueous solution of sodium

chloride, hydrogen is produced at anode and chlorine gas is produced at cathode.
Reason (R) : Ions get attracted to oppositely charged electrodes.
Q17. Assertion (A) : Baking powder is used in making cake instead of using only baking
soda.

Reason (R) : Baking powder contains tartaric acid which reacts with sodium carbonate and
removes bitter taste.

Q18. Assertion (A) : The chemical formula of bleaching powder is CaOCI.

Reason (R) : Calcium oxide reacts with chlorine to form bleaching powder.
Q19. Assertion (A): Plaster of Paris is stored in a moisture proof container.

Reason (R) : Plaster of Paris sets into a hard mass on wetting with water to form anhydrous
calcium sulphate.

Q20. Assertion (A): The chemical name of bleaching powder is calcium oxychloride.

Reason (R) : Bleaching powder is used as an oxidising agent in chemical industries.

Q21. Assertion: The process of dissolving an acid or a base in water is highly exothermic
reaction.

Reason (R) : Water must always be added slowly to acid with constant stirring.

Q22. Assertion (A) : Phenolphthalein is an acid-base indicator.

Reason (R) : Phenolphthalein gives different colours in acidic and basic medium.
Q23. Assertion: Calcium sulphate hemihydrate, CaSO4.1/2 H20 is called plaster of Paris.

Reason (R) : Plaster of Paris is used for producing moulds for pottery and ceramics and casts
of statues.

Q24. Assertion (A) : pH = 7 signifies pure water.

Reason (R) : pH of acetic acid is greater than 7.

Q25. Assertion (A) : HCl is a stronger acid than acetic acid.

Reason (R) : On dissociation, HCl yields lesser hydrogen ions for the same concentration as
compared to acetic acid.
Q26. Assertion (A) : pH of ammonium nitrate solution is acidic.

Reason (R) : Solution of a salt of weak base and strong acid is acidic.
Q27. Assertion (A) : Phosphoric acid is a weak acid.

Reason : Phosphoric acid when dissolved in water dissociates partially and produces very
little H* ions.

Q28. Assertion (A) : Antacids neutralize the effect of extra acid produced in the stomach
during indigestion and thus provide relief.
Reason (R) : Antacids are mild bases.
Q29. Assertion (A) : Acetic acid does not act as an acid in benzene solution.

Reason (R) : Benzene is non-polar.

Q30. Assertion (A) : Bleaching powder reacts with dilute acids to evolve chlorine.

Reason (R) : The chlorine liberated by the action of dilute acids on bleaching powder is
called available chlorine.

Q31. Assertion (A) : Sodium carbonate pentahydrate is also known as washing soda.
Reason (R) : Chief raw materials for the manufacture of washing soda are NH3, NaCl and
CaCO3.

Q32. Assertion (A) : Common salt is used for the preparation of many chemicals such as
sodium hydroxide, bleaching powder, baking soda, washing soda etc.
Reason : Main source of sodium chloride is sea water.

Q33. Assertion (A) : AlCl3 is a basic salt.

Reason (R) : AlCl3 is a salt of strong acid and a weak base.

Q34. Assertion (A) : Baking soda is prepared by chlor-alkali process.

Reason (R) : Brine decomposes to sodium hydroxide on passing electricity through it.
Q35. Assertion (A) : Salt of KNO3 is formed by strong base and weak acid.

Reason (R) : Salt of NH4Cl is formed by weak base and strong acid.

Q36. Assertion (A) : Strength of the acid or base decreases with dilution.

Reason (R) : Ionization of an acid or a base increases with dilution.

Q37. Assertion (A) : Higher the H ion concentration, lower is the pH value.

Reason (R) : The pH of a neutral solution=7, that of a basic solution < 7 and that of an acidic
solution > 7.

Q38. Assertion (A) : CH3COOH is used as vinegar in cooking and food preservatives.
Reason (R) : Strong acids are those acids which ionise almost completely in aqueous
solution and hence produce a large amount of Hions.

Q39. Assertion (A) : Tooth decay starts when the pH of the mouth is lower than
5.5.
Reason (R) : Enamel starts corroding below 5.5 pH.

Life Processes

Assertion & Reason Type Questions

Q1. Assertion (A): Leaves are the main site of photosynthesis.

Reason (R): Chloroplast are present in leaves.

Q2. Assertion (A): The inner walls of the small intestine have finger like projections called villi which are
rich in blood.

Reason (R): These villi have a large surface area to help the small intestine in completing the digestion of
food. (CBSE 2023)

Q3. Assertion (A): Herbivores have longer small intestine than carnivores.

Reason (R): Carnivores can digest cellulose due to the presence of enzyme, cellulase.
Q4. Assertion (A): Energy is used during the process of respiration.
Reason (R): Respiration stores energy in the form of ATP.

Q5. Assertion (A): Amphibians can tolerate mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

Reason (R): Amphibians are animals with two chambered heart. (CBSE SQP 2022-23)
Q6. Assertion (A): Nitrogen is an essential element for plant growth and is taken up by plants in the form
of inorganic nitrates or nitrites.
Reason (R): The soil is the nearest and richest source of raw materials like nitrogen, phosphorus and other
minerals for the plants.

Q7. Assertion (A): In humans, major amount of water is absorbed by tubular part of nephron.

Reason (R): The amount of water reabsorbed depends on how much dissolved waste is to be excreted
from the body.

Q8. Assertion (A): Resins and gums are stored in old xylem tissue in plants.

Reason (R): Resins and gums facilitate transport of water molecules.

Q9. Assertion (A) : Plants lack excretory organs.
Reason (R) : Plants usually absorb essential nutrients.
Q10. Assertion (A) : In anaerobic respiration, one of the end product is alcohol.
Reason (R) : There is an incomplete breakdown of glucose.
Q11. Assertion (A) : In plants there is no need of specialised respiratory organs.

Reason (R) : Plants do not have great demands of gaseous exchange.

Q12. Assertion (A) : Bile is essential for digestion of lipids.

Reason (R) : Bile juice contains enzymes.

Q13. Assertion (A) : Carbohydrate digestion mainly takes place in small intestine.

Reason (R) : Pancreatic juice contains the enzyme lactase.

Q14. Assertion (A) : Aerobic respiration requires less energy as compared to

anaerobic respiration.

Reason (R) : Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell.

Q15. Assertion (A): Arteries are thick-walled and elastic in nature.

Reason (R) : Arteries have to transport blood away from the heart.
Q16. Assertion (A) : Human heart is four-chambered.

Reason (R) : Vena cava is the only artery that supplies deoxygenated blood to the
heart.

Q17. Assertion (A): Energy is required to carry out different life processes.
Reason (R) : Energy is obtained in the form of ATP in the mitochondria.
Q18. Assertion (A): Rings of cartilage are present in the throat,
Reason (R) : These ensure that the air-passage does not collapse
Q19. Assertion (A): Pyruvate is a six-carbon molecule

Reason (R) : It is prepared in the cytoplasm as the first step to cellular respiration
Q20. Assertion (A): Molecular movements are needed for life.

Reason (R): Body structures made up of these molecules need continuous repair and
maintenance

Q21. Assertion (A): Diffusion does not meet high energy requirements of multi-
cellular organisms

Reason (R) : Diffusion is a fast process but occurs at the surface of the body.

Q22. Assertion (A): The opening and closing of the pore is a function of the
guard cells.
Reason (R) : Stomatal pores are the site for exchange of gases by diffusion.

Q23. Assertion (A): The purpose of making urine is to filter out undigested food from
intestine
Reason (R): Kidneys filter the waste and produce urine,

Q24. Assertion (A): The inner lining of the small intestine has numerous finger-
like projections called villi.

Reason (R) : The villi increase the surface area for absorption.

Q25. Assertion (A): In human beings, the respiratory pigment is haemoglobin

Reason (R) : It is a type of protein which has high-affinity carbon dioxide.

Q26. Assertion (A): The plants store some of the waste products in their body parts.
Reason (R) : Raphides are the solid waste products of plants.

Q27. Assertion (A): The movement of water and dissolved salts in xylem is
always upwards.
Reason (R) : ‘The upward movement of water is due to low pressure created by
transpiration.

Q28. Assertion (A): Photosynthesis takes place in green parts of the plants.

Reason (R) : Photosynthesis always takes place in leaves.

Q29. Assertion: The average number of heart beat of a person at rest is about 80
per minute.

Reason (R) : One contraction and relaxation of the heart constitutes a complete heart beat.

Q30. Assertion (A): Ureters are the tubes which carry urine from kidneys to the
bladder.
Reason (R) : Urine is stored in the urethra.
Q31. Assertion (A): Ventricles have thicker walls than auricles.

Reason (R) : Ventricles have to pump blood into various organs with
great pressure

Q32. Assertion (A): Capillaries are the thinnest blood vessels.

Reason (R) : Capillaries connect the branches of arteries and veins.

Q33. Assertion (A): Blood takes up oxygen from the alveolar air and
release CO2 during exchange.

Reason (R) : ‘The concentration of O, is more in alveolar air.

Q34. Assertion: The large intestine is the largest part of the alimentary canal.

Reason (R) : Tiger has a shorter small intestine, than herbivores.

Q35. Assertion (A): Most of the living organisms carry out aerobic respiration.

Reason (R) : Mitochondria is the site of aerobic respiration in the cell.

Q36. Assertion (A): The Bowman’s capsule and the tubule together make a nephron.

Reason (R) : The function of tubule is to allow the selective reabsorption of substances like
glucose, amino acids, urea, salts and water into the blood capillaries.

Q37. Assertion (A): Pancreatic juice digests starch, proteins and fats.

Reason (R) : Pancreatic juice contains digestive enzymes like pancreatic amylase, trypsin
and lipase.

Q38. Assertion (A): The accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles causes muscle cramps.

Reason (R) : During vigorous physical exercise leg muscles respire anaerobically.

Q39. Assertion (A): Phloem helps in translocation of food from the leaves.

Reason (R) : Phloem provides mechanical support to plant.

Q40. Assertion (A): Trachea does not collapse, when there is no air in it.
Reason : Trachea is supported by cartilage
 Control and Coordination

Assertion & Reason Type Questions

Q1. Assertion (A): A neuron transmits message in both directions.

Reason (R): Neuron is specialised for conducting information via electrical impulses from one part of
body to another.

Q2. Assertion (A): Cerebellum controls the coordination of body movement and posture.
Reason (R): Medulla oblongata controls and regulates the centre for coughing, sneezing and vomiting.

Q3. Assertion (A): Movement of leaves of sensitive plant is different from movement of a shoot
towards light.

Reason (R): Sensitive plant shows seismonastic movements which are due to turgidity of cells whereas
the movement of shoot is a tropic movement.
Q4. Assertion (A): Adrenaline makes the heartbeat faster, resulting in supply of more oxygen to our
muscles.

Reason (R): Adrenaline is secreted directly into the blood and carried to different parts of the
body.

Q5. Assertion (A): Amount and timing of hormones released are regulated by feedback mechanisms.

Reason (R): Hypersecretion or hyposecretion of any hormone can lead to different disorders.

Q6. Assertion(A) : Insulin regulates blood sugar level.

Reason (R) : Insufficient secretion of insulin will cause diabetes.

Q7. Assertion(A) : Animals can react to stimuli in different ways.

Reason (R) : All animals have a nervous system and an endocrine system
involving hormones.

Q8. Assertion(A) : The effect of auxin hormone on the growth of root is exactly
opposite to that on a stem.

Reason (R) : Auxin hormone increases the rate of growth in root and decreases the
rate of growth in stem.

Q9. Assertion(A) : A receptor is a specialized group of cells in a sense organ that perceive a
particular type of stimulus.
Reason (R) : Different sense organs have different receptors for detecting stimuli.

Q10. Assertion(A) : Cyton region of nerve fibre collects information for the brain.

Reason (R) : Nerve fibres can either have or lack myelin sheath.
Q11. Assertion(A) : A nerve impulse is an electrochemical event.

Reason (R) : In a nerve impulse there are changes in the resting potential which spreads down
the nerve fibre.

Q12. Assertion(A) : The brain is also known as the central nervous system.

Reason (R) : Central nervous system controls and regulates the voluntary actions.
Q13. Assertion(A) : The spinal nerves are 31 in number.
Reason (R) : Spinal nerves only have sensory neurons in them

Light-Reflection and Refraction

Assertion & Reason Type Questions

Q1. Assertion (A): A ray incident along normal to the mirror retraces its path.

Reason (R): In reflection, angle of incidence is always equal to angle of reflection.

Q2. Assertion (A): Large concave mirrors are used to concentrate sunlight to produce heat in solar
cookers.

Reason (R): Concave mirror converges the light rays falling on it to a point.

Q3. Assertion (A): A pencil partly immersed in water appears to be bent at the water surface.

Reason (R): Light from different points on the pencil immersed in water refracts and appears to come
from a point above the original position.
Q4. Assertion (A): Higher is the refractive index of a medium or denser the medium, lesser is the
velocity of light in that medium.
Reason (R): Refractive index is inversely proportional to velocity. Q5. Assertion (A): A convex lens can
form a magnified erect as well as magnified inverted image of an object placed in front of it.

Reason (R): A magnified and inverted image can be obtained by a convex lens when an object is kept
between F and C.

Q6. Assertion (A) : The centre of curvature is not a part of the mirror. It lies outside its
reflecting surface.
Reason (R) : The reflecting surface of a spherical mirror forms a part of a sphere. This
sphere has a centre.

Q7. Assertion (A) : A ray passing through the centre of curvature of a concave mirror after
reflection, is reflected back along the same path.
Reason (R) : The incident rays fall on the mirror along the normal to the reflecting surface.
Q8. Assertion (A) : Light does not travel in the same direction in all the media.
Reason (R) : The speed of light does not change as it enters from one transparent medium to
another.
Q9. Assertion (A) : The emergent ray is parallel to the direction of the incident ray.
Reason (R) : The extent of bending of the ray of light at the opposite parallel faces (air- glass
interface and glass-air interface) of the rectangular glass slab is equal and opposite.

Q10. Assertion (A) : A ray of light travelling from a rarer medium to a denser medium
slows down and bends away from the normal. When it travels from a denser medium to a
rarer medium, it speeds up and bends towards the normal.
Reason (R) : The speed of light is higher in a rarer medium than a denser medium.
Q11. Assertion (A) : The mirrors used in search lights are concave spherical.

Reason (R) : In concave spherical mirror the image formed is always virtual.

Q12. Assertion (A) : Light travels faster in glass than in air.

Reason (R) : Glass is denser than air.

Q.16. Assertion (A) : When the object moves with a velocity 2 m/s, its image in the
plane mirror moves with a velocity of 4 m/s.

Reason (R) : The image formed by a plane mirror is as far behind the mirror as the
object is in front of it.

Q17. Assertion (A) : The height of an object is always considered positive.

Reason (R) : An object is always placed above the principal axis in this upward direction.
Q18. Assertion (A) : Concave mirrors are used as make-up mirrors.

Reason (R) : When the face is held within the focus of a concave mirror, then a
diminished image of the face is seen in the concave mirror.

Q19. Assertion (A) : Refractive index has no units.

Reason (R) : The refractive index is a ratio of two similar quantities.

Q20. Assertion (A) : The formula connecting u, v and f for a spherical mirror is valid in all
situations for all spherical mirrors for all positions of the object.

Reason (R) : Laws of reflection are strictly valid for plane surfaces.

Q21. Assertion (A) : A person cannot see his image in a concave mirror, unless, he is standing
beyond the center of curvature of the mirror.

Reason (R) : In a concave mirror, image formed is real provided the object is situated beyond
its focus.

Q22. Assertion (A) : Virtual images are always erect.

Reason (R) : Virtual images are formed by diverging lenses only
 The Human Eye and the Colourful World

Assertion & Reason Type Questions

Q1. Assertion (A): Ciliary muscles help in changing the focal length of the eye lens.

Reason (R): Ciliary muscles help to focus near and distant objects in quick succession.

Q2. Assertion (A): A person suffering from myopia cannot see the distant objects clearly.

Reason (R): A converging lens is used for the correction of myopic eye as it can form real as well as
virtual images of the objects placed in front of it. (CBSE 2023)

Q3. Assertion (A): The white light is dispersed into seven constituent colours when passed through the
prism.

Reason (R): Different colours of light bend through different angles as they pass through a prism.

Q4. Assertion (A): The planets twinkle while the Stars do not.

Reason (R): The planets are much closer to the Earth than the Stars.
Q5. Assertion (A): The rainbow is seen when the Sun is behind the observer.

Reason (R): Rainbow is produced due to dispersion of white light by small rain drops hanging in the air
after the rain.

Just after the rain, a large number of small droplets of water remain suspended in the air. Each drop acts
like a small prism. When sunlight fall on these drops the white light splits into seven colours. The
dispersed light from a large number of drops forms a continuous band of seven colours.
Q6. Assertion (A): The Sun is visible to us about 2 minutes before the actual sunrise and about 2
minutes after the actual sunset because of atmospheric refraction.

Reason (R): The time difference between actual sunset and the apparent sunset is about 4 minutes.

Q7. Assertion (A): The scattering of longer wavelengths of light increases as the size of the particles
increases.

Reason (R): Large particles scatter lights of all wavelengths equally well.

Q8. Assertion (A): The scattered light makes path of light visible.

Reason (R): Scattering of light is the result of Tyndall effect.

Q9. Assertion (A) : White light is dispersed into its seven-colour components by a prism.

Reason (R) : Different colours of light bend through different angles with respect to the
incident ray as they pass through a prism.
Q10. Assertion (A) : The phenomenon of scattering of light by the colloidal particles gives rise
to Tyndall effect.
Reason (R) : The colour of the scattered light depends on the size of the scattering
particles.

Q11. Assertion (A) : A normal human eye can clearly see all the objects beyond
certain minimum distance.
 Reason (R) : The human eye has capacity of adjusting the focal length of eye lens.

Q12. Assertion (A) : A rainbow is sometimes seen in the sky in rainy season only when
observer’s back is towards the Sun.
Reason (R) : Internal reflection in the water droplets cause dispersion and the final rays are
in backward direction.

Q13. Assertion (A) : Myopia is the defect of the eye in which only nearer objects are seen by
the eye.

Reason (R) : The eye ball is elongated.

Q14. Assertion (A) : Hypermetropia is the defect of the eye in which only farther objects
are seen.

Reason (R) : Hypermetropia is corrected by using converging lens.

Q15. Assertion (A) : Danger signals are made of red colour.

Reason (R) : Velocity of red light in air is maximum, so signals are visible
even in dark.
Q16. Assertion (A) : The sky looks dark and black instead of blue in outer space. Reason (R)
: No atmosphere containing air in the outer space to scatter sunlight.
Q17. Assertion (A) : The stars twinkle, while the planets do not.

Reason (R) : The stars are much bigger in size than the planets.

Q18. Assertion (A) : The Sun appears flattened at sunrise and sunset.

Reason (R) : The apparent flattering of the Sun’s disc at sunrise and sunset is due to
atmospheric refraction.

Q19. Assertion (A) : Blue colour of sky appears due to scattering of blue colour.
Reason (R) : Blue light has longer wavelength.
 Electricity

Assertion & Reason Type Questions

Q1. Assertion (A): If a graph is plotted between the potential difference and the current flowing, the
graph is a straight line passing through the origin.
Reason (R): The current is directly proportional to the potential difference.

Q2. Assertion (A): When the length of a wire is doubled, then its resistance also gets doubled.
Reason (R): The resistance of a wire is directly proportional to its length.
Q3. Assertion (A): Alloys are commonly used in electrical heating devices like electric iron and heater.

Reason (R): Resistivity of an alloy is generally higher than that of its constituent metals but the alloys have
low melting points than their constituent metals. (CBSE 2020)

Q4. Assertion (A): If p₁ and p₂ be the resistivity of the materials of two resistors of resistances R₁ and R₂
respectively and R₁ > R₂.
Reason (R): The resistance

if R₁ > R₂.
Q5. Assertion (A): At high temperatures, metal wires have a greater chance of short circuiting.

Reason (R): Both resistance and resistivity of a material vary with temperature. (CBSE 2020)
Q6. Assertion (A): In a chain of bulbs, 50 bulbs are joined in series. One bulb is
removed now and circuit is completed again. If the remaining 49 bulbs are again connected in series
across the same supply, then light gets decreased in the room.

Reason (R): Net resistance of 49 bulbs will be less than 50 bulbs.

Q7. Assertion (A): The 200 W bulbs glows with more brightness than 100 W bulbs.

Reason (R): A 100 W bulb has more resistance than a 200 W bulb.
Q8. Assertion (A): Resistance of 50 W bulb is greater than that of 100 W.
Reason (R): Resistance of bulb is inversely proportional to rated power.

Q9. Assertion (A) : Tungsten metal is used for making filaments of incandescent lamps.
 Reason (R) : The melting point of tungsten is very low.

Q10. Assertion (A) : If a graph is plotted between the potential difference and the
current flowing, the graph is a straight line passing through the origin.
Reason (R) : The current is directly proportional to the potential difference

Q11. Assertion (A) : Longer wires have greater resistance and the smaller wires have
lesser resistance.
Reason (R) : Resistance is inversely proportional to the length of the wire.

Q12. Assertion (A) : Alloys are commonly used in electrical heating devices, like
electrical iron, toasters etc.
Reason (R) : Alloys do not oxidise (burn) readily at high temperatures.

Q13. Assertion (A) : When the resistances are connected end-to-end consecutively, they are
said to be in series.
Reason (R) : In case the total resistance is to be increased, then the individual resistances are
connected in series.

Q14. Assertion (A) : When the resistances are connected between the same two points,
they are said to be connected in parallel.
Reason (R) : In case the total resistance is to be decreased, then the individual resistances are
connected in parallel.
Q15. Assertion (A) : A cell is a device which converts chemical energy into electrical
energy.

Reason (R) : Cell maintains a constant potential difference between its terminals for a
long time.

Q16. Assertion (A) : The resistivity of a substance does not depend on the nature of the
substance and temperature.
Reason (R) : The resistivity of a substance is a characteristic property of the material.

Q17. Assertion (A) : Tungsten metal is used for making filaments of incandescent
lamps.
Reason (R) : The melting point of tungsten is very low.

Q18. Assertion (A) : The fuse is placed in series with the device.

Reason (R) : Fuse consists of a piece of wire made of a metal or an alloy of appropriate
melting point.
Q19. Assertion (A) : The coil of a heater is cut into two equal halves and only one of
them is used into heater. The heater will now require half the time to produce the same
amount of heat.

Reason (R) : The heat produced is directly proportional to square of current.

Q20. Assertion (A) : The wires supplying current to an electric heater are not heated
appreciably.
Reason (R) : Resistance of connecting wires is very small and H<< R.

Q21. Assertion (A) : A current carrying wire should be charged.

Reason (R) : The current in a wire is due to flow of free electrons in a
definite direction.

Q22. Assertion (A) : Electron has a negative charge.

Reason (R) : Electrons move always from a region of higher potential

to a region of lower potential.

Q23. Assertion (A) : Heater wire must have high resistance and high melting point.

Reason (R) : If resistance is high, the electric conductivity will be less.

Q24. Assertion (A) : In a chain of bulbs, 50 bulbs are joined in series. One bulb is
removed now and circuit is completed again. If the remaining 49 bulbs are again
connected in series across the same supply, then light gets decreased in the room.
Reason (R) : Net resistance of 49 bulbs will be less than 50 bulbs.

Q25. Assertion (A) : Fuse wire must have high resistance and low melting point.

Reason (R) : Fuse is used for small current flow only.

Q26. Assertion (A) : The connecting wires are made of copper.

Reason (R) : The electrical conductivity of copper is high.

Q27. Assertion (A) : Current is the rate of flow of charge.

Reason (R) : Electric current will not flow between two charged bodies when connected, if
they are at same potential.
Q28. Assertion (A) : A bird perches on a high power line and nothing happens to the bird.
Reason (R) : The circuit is incomplete for the bird sitting on high power line.

Q29. Assertion (A) : When a wire is stretched to three times of its length, its resistance
becomes 9 times.
Reason (R) : Resistance is directly proportional to length of wire.
Q30. Assertion (A) : It is advantageous to transmit electric power at high voltage.
Reason (R) : High voltage implies high current.
Q31. Assertion (A) : Bending a wire does not affect electrical resistance.
Reason (R) : Resistance of a wire is proportional to resistivity of material.
Q32. Assertion (A) : A voltmeter and ammeter can be used together to measure resistance
but not power.

Reason (R) : Power is proportional to voltage and current.

Q33. Assertion (A) : The 200 W bulbs glows with more brightness than 100 W bulbs.

Reason (R) : A 100 watt bulb has more resistance than a 200 W bulb.

Q34. Assertion (A) : If 10 bulbs are connected in series and one bulb
fused, then the remaining 9 bulbs will not work.
Reason (R) : Bulb of higher wattage will give less bright light.

Q35. Assertion (A) : Good conductors of heat are also good conductors of electricity and
vice versa.
Reason (R) : Mainly electrons are responsible for conduction.