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FINAL EXAMINATION IN GENERAL BIOLOGY 2

Direction: Read the questions properly and choose the letter of the correct answer.

MELC 1. Compare and contrast the following processes in plants and animals: reproduction, development,
nutrition, gas exchange, transport/ circulation, regulation of body fluids, chemical, and nervous control,
immune systems, and sensory and motor mechanisms.
1. Both plants and animals shared similarities which involved the conversion of cellular components and
encompasses both catabolism and anabolism. What similarities is being describe by breaking down or
building up of substances?
A. Cellular organization C. Metabolism
B. Homeostasis D. Respond to stimuli
2. Among the similarities, their ability to deal with the different species of organisms and to cope with the
changing environment makes the organisms more successful and have better chance of survival. What
characteristics is being described in this kind of situation?
A. Adaptation C. Movement
B. Evolution D. Growth and development
3. Plants and animal’s unique features involved both the sexual and asexual reproduction. Each member
of plant kingdom and animal kingdom have their own way of producing offspring similar to the parents.
In plants, one way of reproduction is pollination. Which BEST describe pollination?
A. Insects carry the pollen grains.
A. Involved the pistil and stamen.
B. It can make more variety of flowers.
C. Transfer of pollen grains from anther to the stigma of a flower.
4. Sexual and asexual reproduction occurs in both plants and animals. Among the following, which types
of asexual reproduction can be observed in both plants and animals?
A. Budding C. Parthenogenesis
B. Fragmentation D. Regeneration
5. Nutrition is the study of nutrients in food, how the body uses them, and the relationship between diet,
health and disease. Nutrition can be hetero trophic or auto trophic. Which of the following best describe
photo auto trophic nutrition?
A. Light energy is used to convert simple substances to complex organic substance.
B. Oxidation of organic compounds for conversion of simple or complex organic compounds.
C. Obtaining food from dead organism that are released on the food material outside
D. The breaking down of food into parts that can be utilized by the body.
6. Which of the following choices is true about the reproduction of plants and animals?
A. Only plants reproduce through asexual reproduction
B. Only animals reproduce through sexual reproduction
C. Both plants and animals can reproduce through sexual and asexual reproduction
D. All answers are correct
7. The process of fertilization occurs in both plants and animals. There are, of course, differences in the
details and mechanisms but most of the time, some of the similarities are striking. Which of the
following statements shows the similarities between plants and animals in terms of the fertilization
process?
[Link] plants and animals require mating
[Link] plants and animals have sperm and egg cells
C. Both plants and animals undergo reproduction
D. Both plants and animals undergo embryonic development
8. Which of the following is needed by plants and animals to grow healthy and properly?
A. Food C. Nutrients
B. Fertilizer D. Vitamins
9. What is true about the gas exchange of plants and animals?
E. Animal’s gas exchange takes place in the skin or gills while plants take place in the stomata.
F. Animal gas exchange takes place in the trachea or lungs while plants take place in the roots, and
stem.
G. Both A and B are correct
H. None of the answers is correct
10. In humans, blood vessels transport blood, water, oxygen, and nutrients to all parts of the body to
ensure the proper function of the body. Plants on the other hand do not have blood vessels to transport
water, nutrients, and sugar to the different parts of the plant. Which of the following structures present
in the plant is similar to the blood vessels of humans and other animals?
A. Chloroplast C. Stomata
B. Guard Cell D. Xylem and Phloem
11. The reason for the survival of every organism including plants and other photosynthetic organisms is
to stay the same at a primal level, the maintenance of constancy, and the ability to combat changes.
Which of the following choices below is being described in the text above?
A. Balance C. Positive and Negative Feedback Mechanism
B. Homeostasis D. None of the above
12. Osmoregulation is the active regulation of osmotic pressure to maintain the balance of water and
electrolytes in an organism. Control of osmotic pressure is needed to perform biochemical reactions and
preserve homeostasis. Which of the following choices presents the structures used by plants and animals
in the osmoregulation process?
A. Plants – Stomata and Vacuoles C. Plants – Chloroplast and Nucleus
Animals – Excretory System Animals – Circulatory System
B. Plants – Cytoplasm and Vacuoles D. Plants - Cell Wall and Golgi Apparatus
Animals – Respiratory System Animals – Nervous System
13. A hormone is a class of signaling molecules in multicellular organisms that are sent to distant organs
by complex biological processes to regulate physiology and behavior. Hormones are required for the
correct development of animals, plants, and other organisms. Among the choices, which of the following
hormones are present in plants and animals that are responsible for their growth?
[Link] – Auxin, Animals - Somatotropin C. Plant – Ethylene, Animals - Glucagon
[Link] – Cytokinin, Animals - Estrogen D. Plant – Gibberellin, Animals - Cortisol
14. Animals including humans have a nervous system that uses electrical impulses to collect,
process, and respond to information about the environment. It coordinates its actions and sensory
 information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body. Plants on the other hand
don’t have a nervous system that can collect, process, and respond to the different information
present in the environment. Which of the following is used by plants to respond to external stimuli?
A. Carbon Dioxide B. Hormone C. Neurons D. Water

For item number 15, please refer to the figure below

16. What is being described in the pictures above?

A. Organism’s response to stimulus C. Organism’s natural reaction to everything
B. Organism’s innate behavior D. None of the choices is correct
17. Plants and animals must avoid becoming a free meal to microbes, which vastly outnumber eukaryotic life
in both quantity and diversity. Adaptive immunity in the strict sense, whereby the host creates an
immunological memory after exposure to a pathogen, is limited to vertebrates. Both plants and animals have
an innate immune system, which helps protect hosts from most microbes they encounter during their
lifetime. Which of the following statements is true about the immune system?
A. The immune system is the body’s tool for preventing or limiting infection
B. Immune system can recognize and removes dead and faulty cells from the body
C. It detects an unwanted substance, and it will mount an immune response — a complex attack to
protect the body from invaders
D. All answers are correct
18. A plant may respond to such an external stimulus by directional growth—that is, the direction of growth
depends on the direction of the stimulus. Which of the following best describes phototropism?
A. A stimulus-response towards light C. A stimulus-response toward touch
B. A stimulus-response toward gravity D. A stimulus-response toward electricity

For item number 19, please refer to the picture below.

19. Based on the picture, what type of plant sensory and motor mechanism is described in the picture?
A. Electrotropism
B. Gravitytopism
C. Phototropism
D. Thigmotropism

20. Which of the following type of receptor can be found in the endings of your skin and other tissues?
A. Electroreceptors C. Mechanoreceptors
 B. Nociceptors D. Thermoreceptors
MELC 2. Explain how some organisms maintain steady internal conditions (e.g., temperature regulation,
osmotic balance, and glucose levels) that possess various structures and processes.

21. Hormones are chemical messengers synthesized at one location that delivers messages to another
[Link] can speed up plant growth and can also help plants to defend themselves. What is the
hormone in plants that synthesized at stem tips and travel downward?
A. Auxin C. Ethylene
B. Cytokinin D. Gibberellin
22. On a very sunny day like what we have now,soils are dry and plants may signal dehydration. Plant’s
stoma ta closes during this very hot weather. Why do you think these stomata closes not only at night but
even day time specially during very hot weather?
A. To prevent rapid water loss
B. The absicic acid makes the stomata closes.
C. Transpiration may occurs.
D. The stomata automatically closes and opens.

For item number 23, please refer to the text below.

A herd of wildebeests plods across Africa’s Serengeti Plain. The land is parched, so they are on the move
toward greener pastures. They move mechanically, their steps using as little energy as possible. With no food
in their guts, their bodies mobilize energy stored in fat deposits for distribution to body tissues. Between
drinking holes, their bodies conserve water by producing as little urine as possible.
23. Based on the text above, what do you think are the wildebeests trying to do?
A. Maintain homeostasis C. Conserve food and energy
B. Use little energy to survive D. None of the choices is correct
24. A negative feedback loop is any homeostatic process that changes the direction of the stimulus. Which
of the following statements best describes how a negative feedback loop/mechanism works?
A. It decreases a certain stimulus C. In increases a certain stimulus
B. It balances out a certain stimulus D. It increases or decreases a certain stimulus
25. A negative feedback loop is any homeostatic process that changes the direction of the stimulus. It may
either increase or decrease the stimulus, but the stimulus is not allowed to continue as did before the
receptor sensed it. Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback loop or mechanism?
A. Woman’s menstrual cycle
B. Release of insulin to lower blood sugar level
C. Release of oxytocin to increase contraction during childbirth
D. Blood Clotting

For numbers 26 and 27, please refer to the text below.

During childbirth, uterine contractions are needed. The hormone oxytocin, made by the endocrine system,

stimulates the contraction of the uterus. This produces pain sensed by the nervous system. Instead of lowering

the oxytocin and causing the pain to subside, more oxytocin is produced until the contractions are powerful
enough to produce childbirth.

26. Which of the following is described in the situation above?

A. negative feedback mechanism C. A balanced feedback mechanism
B. positive feedback mechanism D. All of the above
27. Based on the situation above, how does a positive feedback mechanism work?
[Link] balances everything inside the body of an organism
[Link] magnifies or enhances the response effect so that it can occur much faster
C. None of the answers are correct
[Link] decreases the response effect
28. The human body maintains a temperature of about 98.6°F (37°C) using various physical processes. These
include sweating to lower the body temperature, shivering to raise it, and narrowing or relaxing blood
vessels to alter blood flow.
What mechanism is being described in the example given?
[Link] Feedback Mechanism C. Osmosis
[Link] Feedback D. Thermoregulation
For Item 29 and 30, refer to the figure below.

During your Biology class, you conducted an experiment where you are required to place blood cells in
different types of solution. After sometime, the result come out like this.

29. Based on the result of the experiment, what do you think has happened to the blood cell placed in a
hypertonic solution .
A. It swells C. It reduces in size
B. It shrinks D. It remain the same
30. Upon looking at the result, you noticed that the blood cells placed in the isotonic solution remain
the same. What do you think is the reason why there are no changes that occur in the cell?
A. There is no net water movement in an isotonic solution
B. The water leaves the cell that is placed in an isotonic solution
C. Water might have entered the cell when placed in an isotonic solution
D. All of the answers are wrong
31. Insulin is a hormone produced naturally by our body, but why do people with Type 1 diabetes need
to inject insulin up to 5 times a day?
A. Because the pancreas secretes too little insulin at all
B. Because the pancreas cannot secrete the hormone insulin
C. Both A and B are correct
D. None of the choices is correct

32. What do you think will happen when there is no mechanism to regulate the osmotic pressure in an
organism’s body?
A. Toxic waste and water will accumulate
B. Undigested food will accumulate and solidify
C. Body’s temperature will continue to rise and will result in fever
D. Body functions will be disrupted, and the organism will die eventually
33. Humans cannot drink salt water because it is too salty since it has more solute to it. What type of
solution is salt water?
A. Isotonic C. Hypertonic
B. Homogenous D. Hypotonic
34. Which of the following statements shows the difference in the role of the hormone glucagon and
insulin play in maintaining homeostasis in the body of an organism?
A. Both glucagon and insulin can lower the sugar level in the body
B. Both glucagon and insulin can amplify the sugar level in the body
C. Glucagon is released when there are low levels of glucose in the bloodstream while insulin is
released when there is a high concentration of glucose in the bloodstream
D. Insulin is released when there are low levels of glucose in the bloodstream while glucagon is
released when there is a high concentration of glucose in the bloodstream
35. Which of the following statements might be the reason why ectotherms, like fishes, do not need to
control their body temperatures to maintain homeostasis?
A. They are cold-blooded
B. They are warm-blooded
C. Ectotherms do not have a body temperature
D. Their body temperature depends on their environment
36. Endotherms are those that maintain a constant body temperature independent of the environment.
What might possibly happen if heat loss exceeds heat generation?
A. They will die
B. They will hibernate
C. They will feel cold and might shiver
D. They will adjust to the temperature of the environment
37. What term describes an organism's ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions despite
external fluctuations?
A. Adaptation C. Homeostasis
B. Evolution D. Metabolism
38. In mammals, which organ plays a central role in regulating body temperature?
A. Liver C. Heart
 B. Kidney D. Hypothalamus
39. Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used by organisms for temperature regulation?
A. Sweating C. Panting
B. Shivering D. Hibernation
40. Which hormone plays a key role in regulating water balance by promoting water reabsorption in the
kidneys?
A. Aldosterone C. Insulin
B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) D. Glucagon