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Parts of a Plant: Class 3 Science Guide

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519 views3 pages

Parts of a Plant: Class 3 Science Guide

Uploaded by

mahatanabakumar71
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CLASS -3

SUBJECT -SCIENCE

CHAPTER – 2 PARTS OF A PLANT

Chapter Explanation in Brief:

In this chapter we are going to learn about parts of a plant. A plant has many parts like roots, stem, leaves,
flowers, fruits and seeds.

Lets study about each part in detail.

• Roots – The part of a plant which lies under the ground is called the root. Roots are of two types
tap root and fibrous root.
(i) TAP ROOT- The main root of a plant that grows straight down and gives off smaller side
roots. Example: radish, carrot.
(ii) FIBROUS ROOT – They are made up of many small roots, all about the same size. The small
roots grow out in many directions from the base of the stem. Example : grass, wheat, rice.
• Stems – The part of a plant that grows above the ground is called the stem. It holds the plant
upright and carries water and minerals from the root to all the parts of the plant. The primary
functions of the stem are to support the leaves; to conduct water and minerals to the leaves,
where they can be converted into usable products by photosynthesis; and to transport these
products from the ;leaves to other parts of the plants, including the roots.
• Leaves – It is one of the most important part of a plant. Leave produce food for the plant. Thus, it
is also called the kitchen or the food factory of the plant.
Parts of leaf:
(i) A leaf has a flat and broad part called the leaf blade.
(ii) Leaf blade is also attached to the stem of a plant through a tiny stalk called petiole.
(iii) The thick line which is visible in the centre of the leaf is called midrib.
(iv) The small lines which connects to the midrib is called side veins.
(v) Small tiny pores on the surface of the leaf is called stomata.
(vi) A special green coloured substance is present on the surface of the leaves. It is called
Chlorophyll.

Functions of leaf:

(i) Leaves prepares food for the plants.


(ii) The oxygen which is present in the environment is released by leaves only.
• Flowers – It is the most beautiful part of the plant. Flowers are of different shapes, sizes, colours
and fragrance. The attractive part of the flower is petals.
Functions of flowers:
(i) Most of the fruits origin is from flowers.
(ii) It also provides food to the bees and butterflies in the form of nectar.
• Fruits and seeds- Fruits which we eat is the another fleshy part of the plant. It also protects the
seeds inside it. Some fruits have only one seed . Example : mango and apricot .
Whereas some fruits have many seeds. Example: papaya and watermelon.
Seeds are also very important part of a plant because it produce new plants. Some seeds are
edible seeds like almond, groundnuts and coconut.

DO THIS IN YOUR TEXT BOOK.

Exercise from book.


A. Write True or False.
1. The root holds a plant upright. T
2. Leaves help in preparing food for a plant. T
3. Papaya has many seeds. T
4. A leaf is called the food factory of a plant. T
5. Coconut is a non-edible seed. F

B. FILL IN THE BLANKS :


1. Tiny pores on the surface of the leaves are called stomata.
2. The green colour of the leaves is due to chlorophyll.
3. The stem holds the plant upright.
4. The roots absorbs water and minerals from the soil.

C. Match the following.


1. Root e. lies under the ground.
2. Stem d. takes food to all parts of the plant.
3. Leaves a. are food factory of a plant.
4. Flower b. helps in reproduction.
5. Seed c. is found inside the fruit.

D. Multiple choice questions.


1. Which of the following plant stores food in its root?
b. Carrot

2. Which of the following part of the plant transports water and minerals to other parts of
the plant?

a. Stem

3. Fruits cover and protect the –

d. Seed

4. Which of the following is an edible seed?

d. Groundnut seed

E. Tick the correct sentences and cross the wrong ones.


1. Mango has one seed. C
2. Potato and ginger are examples of fruits. W
3. Wheat and rice have fibrous roots. C
4. The part of the plant which remains under the ground is called shoot. W
5. Leaves support the branches of a plant. C

F. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. (Write all the given answers in your note book)

[Link] the parts of a plant that are above the ground.

Ans. The different parts of a plant which is above the ground are stem, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds.

[Link] are the two main functions of a root?

Ans. The two main functions of a root are:

(i) It holds the plant firmly to the soil.


(ii) It absorbs nutrients, water and minerals from the soil.

Q3. What is the function of stomata?

Ans. Stomata helps in exchange of gasses by taking in carbon- dioxide and giving out oxygen.

Q4. Write the name of two plants that store food in their roots.

Ans. Radish and carrot are two plants that store food in their roots.

Q5. Give two examples of tap root and fibrous root.

Ans. Example of tap root are radish and carrot.

Example of fibrous root are wheat and rice.

Draw the diagram of parts of a plant.

Common questions

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The leaf's flat and broad blade maximizes surface area for sunlight absorption, necessary for photosynthesis. The petiole attaches the leaf to the stem, facilitating nutrient and water transport. Additionally, the midrib and side veins distribute these resources throughout the leaf, while stomata conduct gas exchange, allowing for the intake of carbon dioxide and release of oxygen. Chlorophyll absorbs light, making leaves efficient "food factories" .

Leaves are essential as they perform photosynthesis, converting sunlight into chemical energy for the plant. They are also involved in gas exchange through stomata, releasing oxygen and taking in carbon dioxide. The presence of chlorophyll allows for the absorption of light, making leaves the primary site for energy creation in a plant. This function supports not only the plant itself but also ecosystems by providing oxygen and organic matter through decomposition .

Stomata are small pores on the leaf surface that facilitate gas exchange by allowing carbon dioxide in for photosynthesis and releasing oxygen into the atmosphere. They also help in regulating water vapor release through transpiration, maintaining internal water balance and aiding nutrient uptake. This dual functionality positions stomata as vital interfaces between the plant and its environment, crucial for both metabolic and ecological interactions .

Fruits protect seeds and facilitate their dispersion by attracting animals who eat the fruits and subsequently disperse the seeds through their excreta. This dispersal mechanism allows seeds to germinate in diverse locations, promoting genetic diversity and ecological stabilization. Edible seeds like almonds and coconuts hold economic as well as ecological value, as they are important food sources for various organisms .

Plants like radish and carrot have tap roots that double as storage organs, accumulating nutrients and moisture for use during adverse conditions such as drought or poor soil nutrient availability. This adaptation allows them to survive in challenging environments by utilizing stored reserves when external resources are scarce, providing them with a survival advantage and promoting resilience and longevity in fluctuating climates .

Flowers are central to plant reproduction as they produce fruits and seeds. They are often colorful and fragrant, features that attract pollinators like bees and butterflies. These interactions increase the chances of pollination and subsequent fruit development. Additionally, flowers offer nectar as food, further incentivizing pollinator visits .

Tap roots, like those of carrots and radishes, have a single dominant root that grows deep into the soil, helping plants reach water tables or nutrients that are not readily available on the surface. Fibrous roots, seen in grasses and wheat, spread out and provide excellent soil coverage and erosion control. These differing structures reflect adaptations to various environments: tap roots to dry conditions requiring deep water access and fibrous roots to support stable growth in loose or nutrient-poor soils .

Stems support the plant upright and serve as conduits to transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves, where these resources are used in photosynthesis. This function complements the leaves' role in food production and the roots' role in nutrient absorption, creating an interconnected system that sustains plant growth and reproduction .

Roots absorb nutrients, water, and minerals from the soil. Tap roots, like those in radishes and carrots, consist of a main root that grows straight down and gives off smaller side roots. Fibrous roots, seen in plants like wheat and rice, are made up of many small roots that grow out in different directions from the base of the stem. These types of roots help the plant access different soil layers for nutrient absorption .

Flowers contain reproductive organs that enable fertilization, leading to the development of fruits which encase seeds. This relationship is essential for the continuity of plant species, as flowers attract pollinators to achieve fertilization, while fruits protect and aid in seed dispersal. The interdependence ensures genetic diversity and high adaptability to changing environments, facilitating widespread species propagation .

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