Chapter three
Research Methodology
Introduction
This chapter focuses on the description of the way the research will be carried out by the
researcher. This is done with the aim of showing the authenticity of the research carried
out. It will be organized and well – centered on: research design, population of the study,
sample population, instrument for data collection, procedure for data collection and
method of data analysis.
Design of the Study
The research design adopted for this study is descriptive survey. Descriptive survey
involves a study of a population through the use of sample. Descriptive survey research
design according to Aina (2012), is a design which describes a systematic manner for a
comprehensive collection of information about the opinion, attitude, feeling, belief and
behavior of the people through administration of questionnaire, interview and observation
to a relative large representative sample of the population. The design is appropriate
because the study seeks to collect data and describe in a systematic manner the opinion
and behaviour of respondents using questionnaire with respect to Benefits of teaching
Literature on the morality of students in senior secondary schools.
Population of the study
Population can be seen as all the individuals that fit a certain specification. It is also the
group of people of subjects the research is studying. The term population could be
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people, schools, or institutions, animals, specimens or countries. Dewan (2007) explains
that population means the group of individuals, objects, animals etc. whose
characteristics are under study. The entire number, from which a sample is to be taken or
selected, is referred to as target population or the universe. Population is therefore the
aggregate of materials, people, etc. the researcher is concerned with. In this particular
study, the population of the study consists of all the secondary schools in Azare, Katagum
Local Government Area.
Sample is a selected number of individuals that are carefully chosen by the researcher to
represent the entire research population. In the light of this statement, the sample of this
study consists of the ten (10) selected Senior Secondary Schools in Mangu Local
Government Area as mentioned in chapter one of this research. These schools were
randomly selected to cover the widespread area of the locality. In other words, these
schools will serve as our sample population out of the 66 schools in the local government.
The schools to be used for this research are:
a. Demonstration Secondary School.
b. Ahmad Turaki Upper Basic Secondary School.
c. Government Day Secondary School, Azare.
d. Ummul – Qura Science Academy, Azare.
e. Bilal Academy, Azare.
f. Al – Amin Academy, Azare.
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g. Abdullahi Memorial College
h. Islamic Orientation School
i. Ma’ahad Sheik Muhammad Wahi
Sampling Techniques
Dewan (2007) says sampling is a method of drawing a portion (sample) from a larger
population. Sampling thus, can be seen as a mechanism for choosing designated
quantities or population. The sample representative population is called “sample”.
Sampling is necessary when it becomes too expensive to study the entire population.
In this study, the simple random sampling technique will be used for the sample
selection. According to Mwanse, Dalong, Kassai, and Zuhumben (2012) simple random
sampling is a sampling procedure that gives each of sampling units of the population an
equal and known non-zero possibility of being selected. This random sampling technique
has the advantage of selecting a sample that will yield research data that can be
generalized to a larger population. In the light of this, all the names of the schools in
Azare District were written on pieces of papers, folded and mixed in a box. These ten
schools were selected without replacement. This was done to maintain equal
representation and to avoid being biased in the selection.
Instrument for data collection
The instrument for data collection in this study will be structured questionnaire. The
questionnaire is titled “Benefits of teaching Literature on the morality of students in
senior secondary schools”. The questionnaire items is generated by the researcher based
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on the objectives and research questions as well as the information gathered from review
of related literature. The questionnaire will be structured using the four-point like scale.
That is: Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Disagree (D) and Strongly Disagree (SD)
respectively after filling the questionnaires.
However, the questionnaire is divided into two parts, Part A deals with the respondents’
data while Part B deals with the questions or statement to be responded upon.
Validation of Instrument
The instrument (structured questionnaire) will be validated by two professionals from the
department of English and Literary studies, Bauchi State University. They will perform
the face validation of the instrument. They will correct the grammatical errors, sequence
and ordering of the items of the instrument and suitability of the response tags among
others.
Procedures for data collection
The researcher will visit the various selected secondary schools with the questionnaire for
five (5) teachers (English and Literature Teachers), will meet with the school authorities
of the various schools, in other to administer the questionnaire to the respondents. The
purpose of the research will be stated and explained clearly to the respondents before
administering the questionnaire.
Method of Data Analysis
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The data collected from the respondents will be analyzed using simple percentage method
and mean score. This is done by finding the percentage of the total of the answers given
to determine the acceptance or rejection of the research questions.
The value attached to the responses options of the questionnaire will be as follows:
Strongly Agree (SA-4), Agree (A-3), Disagree (D-2), Strongly Disagree (SD-1). The 2.50
will be derived from the upper and lower limit of number (4,3,2,1). Any item with mean
below 2.50 will be regarded as disagree while; any item with mean of 2.50 or above will
be regarded as agreed.