Indicator and test papers

pH papers · qualitative and semi-quantitative test papers and test sticks

Indicator and test papers

pH indicator papers and liquid indicators

Indicator papers without colour scale 6
Universal and special indicator papers 7
DUOTEST® and TRITEST indicator papers 8
PEHANON® indicator papers 9
pH-Fix indicator sticks – non-bleeding 10
Liquid indicators UNISOL 11

Test papers for qualitative determinations

Summary and ordering information 12 – 13
Description of qualitative test papers in alphabetical order 14 – 20

Test sticks and test papers for semi-quantitative determinations

QUANTOFIX® test sticks 21 – 27
Summary and ordering information 21
Description of QUANTOFIX® test sticks in alphabetical order 22 – 27
Other test sticks and test papers for semi-quantitative determinations
Ordering information 28
Description of test sticks / test papers in alphabetical order 28 – 31

MN 5
 pH indicator papers

Indicator papers without colour scale

For orientation and adjustment of pH values

These products are simple, completely impregnated indicator
papers, which do not allow exact pH determinations, but pH
adjustments during special chemical procedures. For this
reason, no colour scale is provided with these papers.

Brilliant yellow paper

Yellow paper, which changes colour to red near neutral (pH
6.7 – 7.9).
Recommended application:
demonstration of a specific alkali concentration, which is re-
quired for special reactions.

Congo red paper Litmus paper neutral:

Red paper, which changes colour to blue in the pH range violet indicator paper which changes to red under acid condi-
3.0 – 5.0. tions and to blue under alkaline conditions.
Congo paper is supplied in three versions of varying sensitiv- Litmus paper red:
ity: changes colour from red to blue when conditions change from
Congo paper MN 816 N acidic to alkaline.
normal sensitivity Recommended application:
Congo paper MN 260 HE General test for acidic or alkaline reaction: It serves in neutral-
high sensitivity isation reactions to check whether the change from acid to al-
kaline or vice versa has taken place. Litmus paper is the best-
Congo paper MN 616 T known indicator paper.
medium sensitivity, between the above two types, recom-
mended specifically for spot tests. Chemistry: Litmus is not a single, chemically defined sub-
stance but a natural product containing a mixture of substanc-
Recommended application: es. It is extracted from lichen and probably represents the
Neutralisation analysis, clinical tests for acid, e. g. determina- oldest known indicator dye.
tion of gastric hydrochloric acid; detection of lactic acid in cul-
ture media, which contain lactic acid-producing strains of B. Nitrazine yellow paper
coli.
Yellow paper which changes to blue when the pH exceeds 6
Litmus papers towards alkaline conditions (greyish blue at pH 7; blue at pH
> 8).
Litmus paper is available in three modifications:
Recommended application: neutralisation analyses
Litmus paper blue:
changes colour from blue to red when conditions change from Phenolphthalein paper
alkaline to acidic.
White paper, which changes colour to red when the pH ex-
ceeds 8.3 towards alkaline conditions (red at pH > 10).
Recommended application: neutralisation analyses

Indicator paper Colour change, when pH changes Reel Refill pack Booklets Box
from → to Cat. No. Cat. No. Cat. No. Cat. No.
Brilliant yellow paper yellow → red 6.7 – 7.9 – – – 907 01
Congo paper MN 816 N red → blue 5.0 – 3.0 907 02 907 03 – –
Congo paper MN 616 T red → blue 5.0 – 3.0 – – – 907 04
Congo paper MN 260 HE red → blue 5.0 – 3.0 – – – 907 05
Litmus paper blue blue → red 8.0 – 5.0 911 06 911 16 911 26 –
Litmus paper neutral red ← violet → blue 5.0 – 8.0 911 07 911 17 911 27 –
Litmus paper rot red → blue 5.0 – 8.0 911 08 911 18 911 28 –
Nitrazine yellow paper yellow → violet-blue 6.0 – 7.0 – – – 907 11
Phenolphthalein paper white → red 8.3 – 10.0 907 12 907 13 – –
Presentation
Reel: plastic dispenser with 1 reel 5 m long and 7 mm wide, packed in individual cardboard box.
Refill pack: box with 3 reels 5 m long and 7 mm wide, each reel separately sealed in polyethylene
Booklet: 911 2 . 100 strips 10 x 75 mm, 911 9 . . 20 strips 10 x 75 mm
Box: 200 strips 20 x 70 mm

6 MN
 pH indicator papers

Universal and special indicator papers

These products are produced by total impregnation of the pa-
per with a pH indicator or a mixture of several indicator dyes.
MACHEREY-NAGEL universal indicator paper covers the pH
renges 1 – 11 and 1 – 14; gradation of the colour scale is in
steps of 1.0 pH units or 1.0/2.0 units, respectively.
MACHEREY-NAGEL special indicator papers (narrow range
papers) usually cover a range of about 2 – 5 pH units in gra-
dations of 0.2/0.3 or 0.5 units. We would like to mention at
this point that indicator papers measure the pH of unbuffered
or only weakly buffered solutions less accurately than do in-
dicator solutions. When dealing with buffered solutions, how-
ever, indicator papers work with the same degree of
accuracy.
For pH measurements in weakly buffered or unbuffered solu-
tions we recommend pH-Fix indicator sticks. The following
procedure is recommended then you attempt to measure the
pH value of unbuffered or weakly buffered solutions with uni-
versal or special indicator papers: a strip of indicator paper is
placed against the wall of a test tube which is then filled to the
brim with the solution to be tested. The indicator paper is left
in the test tube and its colour, viewed through the glass, is
compared with the colour scale after about 1 minute.

Indicator paper Gradation Reel Refill pack Booklet

Cat. No. Cat. No. Cat. No.
Universal indicator papers
pH 1 – 11 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8 – 9 – 10 – 11 902 01 902 02 902 03
pH 1 – 14 1 – 2 – 3 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8 – 9 – 10 – 12 – 14 902 04 902 24 –
Special indicator papers
pH 0.5 – 5.5 0.5 – 1.0 – 1.5 – 2.0 – 2.5 – 3.0 – 3.5 – 4.0 – 4.5 – 5.0 – 5.5 902 05 902 25 –
pH 3.8 – 5.8 <3.8 – 3.8 – 4.1 – 4.3 – 4.5 – 4.7 – 4.9 – 5.2 – 5.5 – 5.8 – >5.8 902 06 902 26 –
pH 4.0 – 7.0 4.0 – 4.3 – 4.6 – 4.9 – 5.2 – 5.5 – 5.8 – 6.1 – 6.4 – 6.7 – 7.0 902 07 902 27 –
pH 5.4 – 7.0 <5.4 – 5.4 – 5.7 – 6.0 – 6.2 – 6.4 – 6.7 – 7.0 – >7.0 902 08 902 28 –
pH 5.5 – 9.0 5.5 – 6.0 – 6.5 – 7.0 – 7.5 – 8.0 – 8.5 – 9.0 902 09 902 29 –
pH 6.4 – 8.0 <6.4 – 6.4 – 6.6 – 6.8 – 7.0 – 7.2 – 7.4 – 7.6 – 7.8 – 8.0 – >8.0 902 10 902 30 –
pH 7.2 – 9.7 <7.2 – 7.2 – 7.5 – 7.8 – 8.1 – 8.4 – 8.7 – 9.0 – 9.3 – 9.7 – >9.7 902 11 902 31 –
pH 8.0 – 10.0 8.0 – 8.2 – 8.4 – 8.7 – 9.0 – 9.2 – 9.6 – 10.0 902 12 902 32 –
pH 9.0 – 13.0 9.0 – 9.5 – 10.0 – 10.5 – 11.0 – 11.5 – 12.0 – 12.5 – 13.0 902 13 902 33 –
pH 12.0 – 14.0 12.0 – 12.5 – 13.0 – 13.5 – 14.0 902 14 902 34 –
Collections of universal and special indicator papers
pH-Set U-10 box with 10 different reels of pH indicator paper (2 reels of universal indicator paper and 902 19
8 reels of different special indicator papers)
TRI-BOX plastic dispenser with 3 reels of special indicator paper each 5 m long and 7 mm wide 902 18
(1 reel each of pH 0.5 – 5.5, pH 5.5 – 9.0, pH 9.0 – 13.0, gradation 0.5 pH units) and
3 colour scales
Presentation
Reel: plastic dispenser with colour scale and 1 reel 5 m long and 7 mm wide, packed in individual cardboard box
Refill pack: box with 3 reels 5 m long and 7 mm wide, each reel separately sealed in polyethylene
Booklet: 100 strips 10 x 75 mm with colour scale

MN 7
 pH indicator papers

DUOTEST® double-zone indicator papers TRITEST triple-zone indicator papers

TRITEST paper is an indicator paper combining highes accu-
racy with greatest ease of reading. Three complementary in-
dicator zones on a single strip guarantee clear colour
differentiation and the possibility to estimate in-between val-
ues. The gradation is 1.0 pH unit. TRITEST is available for the
range pH 1–11, but in two types:

DUOTEST® papers are indicator papers with greater accura-

cy and increased ease of reading. Two complementary indi-
cator zones on one strip – separated by a white centre band
– guarantee clear colour differentiation and a more accurate
estimate of intermediate values. The white centre band is hy-
drophobic and prevents that colours of the two indicator
zones run into one another, thus increasing accuracy. In ad-
dition the white band forms a good contrast to the coloured
test zones and furthermore adds mechanical strength to the
wet strip, because it repels water.

a) TRITEST in reel form (without hydrophobic zone)

paper strip of 10 mm width to which three adjoining indi-
cator zones (1 main indicator and 2 auxiliary indicators)
have been applied
b) TRITEST L in reel form (with 2 hydrophobic zones)
paper strip of 6 m length and 14 mm width to which three
indicator zones (1 main indicator and 2 auxiliary indica-
tors) have been applied. The indicator zones are sepa-
rated by hydrophobic barriers. This guarantees a sharp
separation of the indicator zones which is of particular
advantage in pH determinations in the highly alkaline
range.

Indicator paper Gradation Reel Refill pack

Cat. No. Cat. No.

DUOTEST®
pH 1 – 12 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8 – 9 – 10 – 11 – 12 903 01 903 11
pH 1.0 – 4.3 1.0 – 1.3 – 1.6 – 1.9 – 2.2 – 2.5 – 2.8 – 3.1 – 3.4 – 3.7 – 4.0 – 4.3 903 02 903 12
pH 3.5 – 6.8 3.5 – 3.8 – 4.1 – 4.4 – 4.7 – 5.0 – 5.3 – 5.6 – 5.9 – 6.2 – 6.5 – 6.8 903 03 903 13
pH 5.0 – 8.0 5.0 – 5.3 – 5.6 – 5.9 – 6.2 – 6.5 – 6.8 – 7.1 – 7.4 – 7.7 – 8.0 903 04 903 14
pH 7.0 – 10.0 7.0 – 7.3 – 7.6 – 7.9 – 8.2 – 8.5 – 8.8 – 9.1 – 9.4 – 9.7 – 10.0 903 05 903 15
pH 9.5 – 14.0 9.5 – 10.0 – 10.5 – 11.0 – 11.5 – 12.0 – 12.5 – 13.0 – 13.5 – 14.0 903 06 903 16

Collection of DUOTEST® indicator papers

pH-Set D 10 10 reels of DUOTEST® (2 reels each of pH 1 – 12; 3.5 – 6.8; 5.0 – 8.0; 7.0 – 10.0; 903 19
1 reel each of pH 1.0 – 4.3 and 9.5 – 14.0)
TRITEST
TRITEST pH 1 – 11 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8 – 9 – 10 – 11 905 01 905 02
TRITEST L pH 1 – 11 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8 – 9 – 10 – 11 905 10 905 11
Presentation
Reel: plastic dispenser with colour scale and 1 reel, packed in individual cardboard box.
Reel size: DUOTEST® and TRITEST: 5 m long and 10 mm wide, TRITEST L: 6 m long and 14 mm wide
Refill pack: box with 3 reels, each reel separately sealed in polyethylene

8 MN
 pH indicator papers

PEHANON® indicator papers

for pH measurement in coloured solutions

PEHANON® is a series of pH indicator papers where the in-
dicator and colour scale are combined on a single strip. They
permit a fast, convenient and accurate determination of the
pH value since they eliminate the necessity to compare the
colour field against a separate scale. pH values are imprinted
on the strips. This presentation also permits the pH measure-
ment of coloured solutions and suspensions, since the colour
of the test solution acts on the colour scale in the same man-
ner as on the indicator field, resulting in a comparison of
mixed colours. The individual colour zones are separated by
hydrophobic barriers.

bic silicone barrier just above the top colour field prevents
capillary action of the test solution beyond that point and al-
lows safe and clean handling with corrosive, toxic or other-
wise noxious liquids.
The PEHANON® series covers the entire pH range from
0 to 14 with one universal paper and thirteen narrow ranges
which overlap to permit utmost selectivity for the range suited
to each particular need. The pH gradations within each strip
The indicator zone (unprinted field of about 6 mm width) is in
have been established to offer maximum colour differentia-
the middle of the strip, the comparison fields (4 mm wide) are
tion from on comparison field to the next depending on the in-
arranged above and below. The strip is submerged in the so-
dividual indicator.
lution for about three seconds so that all colour zones are
wetted. The indicator zone (unprinted centre field) changes PEHANON® papers guarantee highest accuracy even when
colour according to the pH value of the solution and is then testing coloured solutions! Again – as with universal and spe-
compared against the colour fields on the strip. The pH value cial indicator papers – best results are obtained for buffered
is read from the closest matching field. An invisible hydropho- solutions and suspensions (see page 7).

PEHANON® range Gradation Cat. No.

pH 1 – 12 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8 – 9 – 10 – 11 – 12 904 01
pH 0 – 1.8 0 – 0.3 – 0.6 – 0.8 – 1.0 – 1.2 – 1.5 – 1.8 904 11
pH 1.0 – 2.8 1.0 – 1.3 – 1.6 – 1.8 – 2.0 – 2.2 – 2.5 – 2.8 904 12
pH 1.8 – 3.8 1.8 – 2.1 – 2.4 – 2.7 – 3.0 – 3.2 – 3.5 – 3.8 904 13
pH 2.8 – 4.6 2.8 – 3.1 – 3.4 – 3.6 – 3.8 – 4.0 – 4.3 – 4.6 904 14
pH 3.8 – 5.5 3.8 – 4.0 – 4.2 – 4.4 – 4.6 – 4.9 – 5.2 – 5.5 904 15
pH 4.0 – 9.0 4.0 – 4.5 – 5.0 – 5.5 – 6.0 – 6.5 – 7.0 – 7.5 – 8.0 – 8.5 – 9.0 904 24
pH 5.2 – 6.8 5.2 – 5.5 – 5.7 – 5.9 – 6.1 – 6.3 – 6.5 – 6.8 904 16
pH 6.0 – 8.1 6.0 – 6.3 – 6.6 – 6.9 – 7.2 – 7.5 – 7.8 – 8.1 904 17
pH 7.2 – 8.8 7.2 – 7.4 – 7.6 – 7.8 – 8.0 – 8.2 – 8.5 – 8.8 904 19
pH 8.0 – 9.7 8.0 – 8.2 – 8.4 – 8.6 – 8.8 – 9.1 – 9.4 – 9.7 904 20
pH 9.5 – 12.0 9.5 – 10.0 – 10.5 – 11.0 – 11.5 – 12.0 904 21
pH 10.5 – 13.0 10.5 – 11.0 – 11.5 – 12.0 – 12.5 – 13.0 904 22
pH 12.0 – 14.0 12.0 – 12.5 – 13.0 – 13.5 – 14.0 904 23
Presentation: plastic box containing 200 strips 11 x 100 mm

MN 9
 pH indicator papers

pH-Fix indicator sticks – non-bleeding –

Recommended for pH measurement in weakly buffered or strongly alkaline solutions

pH-Fix indicator sticks are for the rapid measurement of the
pH of a water sample. Additionally they can be used for mon-
itoring the pH of a sample during analysis to avoid errors due
to weakly buffered solutions. For this purpose pH-Fix indica-
tor sticks are clearly superior to other pH papers.

bleeding, even in strongly basic solutions, is avoided. Fur-

thermore there are the following advantages:
Measurement of pH values is possible even in unbuff-
ered solutions, since the sticks can be left in the solution
until the final reaction colour is obtanined.
Test samples are not contaminated by the indicator
dyes. Thus solutions can be used for further investiga-
tions.
Colours of the individual colour fields cannot run into
each other. This allows a more precise comparison the
the colour scale.
Specially developed indicator dyes guarantee a sharp
differenciation between the individual pH values and a
clear and easy comparison with the colour scale.
In contrast to conventional indicator papers, the indicator Length and stability of the plastic strips protect fingers
dyes of pH-Fix sticks are chemically bonded to the cellulose from contact with the test solution.
fibres (DE-PS 24 36 257). As a result the possibility of colour

pH-Fix range Gradation Cat. No.

pH 0 – 14 0 – 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8 – 9 – 10 – 11 – 12 – 13 – 14 921 10
pH 0.0 – 6.0 0 – 0.5 – 1.0 – 1.5 – 2.0 – 2.5 – 3.0 – 3.5 – 4.0 – 4.5 – 5.0 – 5.5 – 6.0 921 15
pH 2.0 – 9.0 2.0 – 2.5 – 3.0 – 3.5 – 4.0 – 4.5 – 5.0 – 5.5 – 6.0 – 6.5 – 7.0 – 7.5 – 8.0 – 8.5 – 9.0 921 18
pH 4.5 – 10.0 4.5 – 5.0 – 5.5 – 6.0 – 6.5 – 7.0 – 7.5 – 8.0 – 8.5 – 9.0 – 9.5 – 10.0 921 20
pH 6.0 – 10.0 6.0 – 6.4 – 6.7 – 7.0 – 7.3 – 7.6 – 7.9 – 8.2 – 8.4 – 8.6 – 8.8 – 9.1 – 9.5 – 10.0 NEW! 921 22
pH 7.0 – 14.0 7.0 – 7.5 – 8.0 – 8.5 – 9.0 – 9.5 – 10.0 – 10.5 – 11.0 – 11.5 – 12.0 – 12.5 – 13.0 – 13.5 – 14.0 921 25
pH 0.3 – 2.3 0.3 – 0.7 – 1.0 – 1.3 – 1.6 – 1.9 – 2.3 921 80
pH 1.7 – 3.8 1.7 – 2.0 – 2.3 – 2.6 – 2.9 – 3.2 – 3.5 – 3.8 921 90
pH 3.6 – 6.1 3.6 – 4.1 – 4.4 – 4.7 – 5.0 – 5.3 – 5.6 – 6.1 921 30
pH 5.1 – 7.2 5.1 – 5.4 – 5.7 – 6.0 – 6.3 – 6.6 – 6.9 – 7.2 921 40
pH 6.0 – 7.7 6.0 – 6.4 – 6.7 – 7.0 – 7.3 – 7.7 921 50
pH 7.5 – 9.5 7.5 – 7.9 – 8.2 – 8.4 – 8.6 – 8.8 – 9.1 – 9.5 921 60
pH 7.9 – 9.8 7.9 – 8.3 – 8.6 – 8.9 – 9.1 – 9.4 – 9.8 921 70
Presentation: box with 100 sticks 6 x 85 mm

10 MN
 Liquid indicators

UNISOL indicator solutions for pH measurement in liquids

aqueous solution to be tested. The resulting colour is com-
pared with the corresponding colour scale. One has to pay
attention, however, to the fact that the colour intensity de-
pends on the indicator concentration and the thickness of the
coloured layer of the test solution. Spot plates or ordinary test
tubes may be used, but we recommend to use square meas-
uring cells since the thickness of the layer is always constant
and permits accurate readings. Measuring cuvettes made
from glass or quartz are very expensive and, due to the dan-
ger of breakage, too valuable for rapid pH measurements out-
side the laboratory.

For pH measurement in pure water, in surface waters, in

very diluted acids or bases – i. e. in weakly buffered solu-
tions – indicator papers find their limit of applicability
(acid-base error). For these applicaitons indicator solutions
are used, which are added to the analyte fluid. The resulting
colour is directly compared with the colour scale (UNISOL,
VISOCOLOR® ).
UNISOL indicator solutions are available for measurements
in different pH ranges.
UNISOL 113 covers the pH range from 1 to 13 and shows
several colour changes within this range. Starting on the acid
side the colour changes from red via yellow and green to
blue-violet, when the pH of the solution is increased succes- Precise pH results can be obtained by using the included
sively. The gradation of the printed colour scale is in 1.0 pH plastic cuvette MN 13/72, because it was used to balance col-
units. ours for printing the colour scales.
UNISOL 410 covers the more narrow range pH 4 – 10 with a
gradation of 0.5 units on the colour scale. Type Range Gradation Cat. No.
Fields of application: UNISOL indicator solutions
pure water and waste water
UNISOL 410 pH 4.0 – 10.0 0.5 910 02
water for aquariums UNISOL 113 pH 1.0 – 13.0 1.0 910 31
unbuffered solutions Lieferform: 1 x 100 ml in drop bottle + colour scale
surfaces of paper and similar products + 1 plastic cuvette MN 13/72
UNISOL indicator solutions offer simple and convenient han- UNISOL accessories
dling.
Plastic cuvettes MN 13/72 (pack of 5) 910 39
With UNISOL 113 one drop of the indicator solution, with
UNISOL 410 two drops are added to 5 ml of the colourless

Other products for pH measurement

colorimetric determination photometric determination

Colorimetric pH measurement is based on colour comparison The efficient NANOCOLOR® photometers, too, allow pH
in a comparator. The transparent coloured solution allows an measurements independent of the human eye (see page 69,
unambiguous assignment of the pH value even for inexperi- 81).
enced eyes. These products are especially recommended for
the pH measurement in unbuffered solutions, e. g. of surface
waters (see page 49).

MN 11
 Test papers for qualitative determinations

Summary
Test papers allow the qualitatative detection of ions and tection. Some test papers can also be used for the non-de-
chemical substances. They provide the information, whether structive testing of materials.
a given component is present above the defined limit of de-

Determination of Test paper Presentation Cat.

No.
Alkaline phosphatase in milkNEW! PHOSPHATESMO MI box of 50 test sticks 10 x 95 mm 906 12
Aluminium ions (Al3+) ALUMINIUM test paper box of 100 strips 20 x 70 mm 907 21
Ammonia, ammonium ions (NH3, AMMONIUM test paper box of 200 strips 20 x 70 mm 907 22
NH4+)
Antimony ions (Sb3+) ANTIMONY test paper box of 200 strips 20 x 70 mm 907 23
Arsenic, arsine (As, AsH3) ARSENIC test paper box of 200 strips 20 x 70 mm 907 62
= mercury bromide paper
Bismuth ions (Bi3+) BISMUTH test paper box of 200 strips 20 x 70 mm 907 33
Blood traces (peroxidase) PEROXTESMO KM box of 25 sheets 15 x 30 mm 906 05
Boric acid, borates (H3BO3, BO33–) turmeric paper box of 200 strips 20 x 70 mm 907 47

12 MN
 Test papers for qualitative determinations

Application of test papers for qualitative determinations

Determination of Test paper Presentation Cat.

No.
Chlorine, free halogens CHLORTESMO box of 200 strips 20 x 70 mm 906 03
potassium iodide starch paper (see
below)
Chromium, chromate (Cr(VI), CrO42–) CHROMIUM test paper box of 200 strips 20 x 70 mm 907 24
Cobalt ions (Co2+) COBALT test paper box of 100 strips 20 x 70 mm 907 28
Copper, copper ions (Cu, Cu+, Cu2+) CUPROTESMO box of 40 sheets 40 x 25 mm 906 01
Copper(II) ions (Cu2+) COPPER test paper box of 200 strips 20 x 70 mm 907 29
Cyanides, hydrocyanic acid (CN–, CYANTESMO reel of 5 m length 906 04
HCN)
Fluorides, hydrogen fluoride (F–, H2F2) FLUORIDE test paper box of 200 strips 20 x 70 mm 907 50
Halogens, especially free chlorine CHLORTESMO box of 200 strips 20 x 70 mm 906 03
Hydrocyanic acid, cyanides (HCN, CYANTESMO reel of 5 m length 906 04
CN–)
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S), lead acetate paper reel of 5 m length 907 44
sulphide ions (S2–) refill pack à 3 reels 907 45
booklet with 100 strips 10 x 75 mm 907 46
Iron(II) ions (Fe2+) dipyridyl paper box of 200 strips 20 x 70 mm 907 25
Iron ions (Fe2+, Fe3+) IRON test paper box of 100 strips 20 x 70 mm 907 26
Lead, lead ions (Pb, Pb2+) PLUMBTESMO box of 40 sheets 40 x 25 mm 906 02
Mastitis udder test paper PE bag with 20 sheets 907 48
Nickel(II) ions (Ni2+) NICKEL test paper box of 200 strips 20 x 70 mm 907 30
Nitrate and nitrite (NO3–, NO2–) NITRATESMO reel of 5 m length 906 11
Nitrite ions (NO2–), potassium iodide starch paper MN reel of 5 m length 907 54
nitrous acid(HNO2), 816 N (normal sensitivity) refill pack of 3 reels 907 55
ozone (O3) booklet with 100 strips 10 x 75 mm 907 56
potassium iodide starch paper MN box of 200 strips 20 x 70 mm 907 57
260 HE (high sensitivity grade)
potassium iodide starch paper MN box of 200 strips 20 x 70 mm 907 58
616 T (for spot tests)
Oil in water and soil OIL test paper box of 100 strips 20 x 70 mm 907 60
Oil, thickness of layer in oil separators AQUATEC test sticks box of 100 test sticks 10 x 200 mm 907 42
Peroxidase in foodstuffs PEROXTESMO KO box of 100 sheets 15 x 15 mm 906 06
Potassium ions (K+) POTASSIUM test paper box of 200 strips 20 x 70 mm 907 27
Protein residuesNEW! INDIPRO box of 60 test sticks 10 x 95 mm 907 65
Reducindg agents, SO2, sulphite ions potassium iodate starch paper reel of 5 m length 907 53
Sulphur dioxide (SO2), sulphite ions SULPHITE test paper box of 100 strips 20 x 70 mm 907 63
Silver ions (Ag+) SILVER test paper box of 200 strips 20 x 70 mm 907 32
Sperm, acid phosphatase PHOSPHATESMO KM box of 25 sheets 15 x 30 mm 906 07
Vat dyes, end-point of conversion tndanthrene yellow paper box of 200 strips 20 x 70 mm 907 51
Water on the bottom of fuel tanks AQUATEC test sticks box of 100 test sticks 10 x 200 mm 907 42
Water in org. solvents WATESMO reel of 5 m length 906 09
Water distribution in butter WATOR box of 50 sheets 78 x 40 mm 906 10
Zirkonium ions (Zr4+) ZIRKONIUM test paper box of 100 strips 20 x 70 mm 907 21

MN 13
 Test papers for qualitative determinations

Description of qualitative test papers in alphabetical order

ALUMINIUM test paper Cat. No. 907 21 tank by means of a thin cord or wire until it reaches the bot-
tom. Any water present beneath the fuel will dissolve the blue
This test paper shows bright red spots on a yellow back- layer (testing tim about 15 – 20 seconds). If the test stick was
ground in the presence of aluminium ions (Al3+). Fe, Zn, Cu lowered vertically to the bottom of the tank, the level of dis-
and Mn interfere with the determination of aluminium. solved layer corresponds to the level of water present. For the
Under certain reaction conditions aluminium test paper can determination of oil layers in oil separators, the part of the
be used for the determination of zirkonium. AQUATEC paper, which remains blue, indicates the thick-
Limit of sensitivity: 10 mg/l Al3+ ness of the oil layer.

ARSENIC test paper

AMMONIUM test paper Cat. No. 907 22 (mercury bromide paper) Cat. No. 907 62
This test paper can be used for the detection of ammonium This test paper is used for the determination of arsenic or ars-
ions as well as for gaseous ammonia. The white paper turns ine. It is based on the fact that arsine forms a coloured coor-
brownish-yellow in the presence of ammonium ions or NH3. dination compound with mercury compounds. The test paper
This test paper is specific for the determination of NH4+. is exposed to AsH3, liberated with zinc/hydrochloric acid, by
Limit of sensitivity: 10 mg/l NH4+ holding the paper either over the test tube or over the end of
a gas exhaust tube.
Colour reaction: white → brown-black. The colour reaction is
faster, when the paper is first moistened before being used to
test for AsH3 in air.
ANTIMON test paper Cat. No. 907 23
Limit of sensitivity: 0.5 µg As
This test paper shows orange-red spots on a yellow back- Recommended application: determination of arsenic in grape
ground in the presence of antimony ions [Sb(III)]. Pentavalent must and wine, determination of arsine in air. In the latter
antimony, i.e. Sb(V), has to be reduced to Sb(III) with metallic case the test paper should first be moistened with acetic an-
magnesium. hydride.
This test paper is specific for antimony.
Limit of sensitivity: 5 mg/l Sb3+
BISMUTH test paper Cat. No. 907 33
In the presence of bismuth ions (Bi3+) this paper shows an or-
ange-red discoloration on a pale-yellow background.
AQUATEC test sticks Cat. No. 907 42
A number of metal ions produce yellow spots. These do not,
Test sticks for the determination of water in petrol and however, interfere with the determination of Bi.
fuel oil tanks tanks or for the determination of the thick-
Limit of sensitivity: 60 mg/l Bi3+
ness of oil layers in oil separators
Sensitivity is reduced in the presence of nitric acid. The test
In the course of time frequently water accumulates in petrol
solution should not contain more than 2 to 3 percent HNO3.
and fuel oil storage tanks forming a layer underneath the fuel.
We recommend a special test stick to determine the depth of
this water layer. To ensure the proper function of oil separa-
tors, accumulated oil layers must be removed frequently. The
thickness of such oil layers can also be determined with
CHLORTESMO Cat. No. 906 03
AQUATEC paper. The test stick consists of a polyester film This test paper is used for the qualitative determination of free
0.2 mm thick and 10 x 200 mm coated on one side with a dark halogens (chlorine, bromine, iodine). In the presence of these
blue, water-soluble layer, which is insoluble in petrol and fuel compounds the pale yellow paper turns blue.
oil. In order to determine the presence of water beneath the Free nitrous acid HNO2 (not nitrite ions) interferes, but can be
petrol or fuel oil, the test stick is fixed to a flat stainless steel destroyed by additions of amidosulphuric acid.
sheet (approx. 25 cm long, 3 cm wide and 3 mm thick) so that
the lower ends coincide. The test stick is then lowered into the Limit of sensitivity: 1 mg/l chlorine

CHROMIUM test paper Cat. No. 907 24

This test paper shows violet spots on a white background
upon application of solutions containing chromium. The reac-
tion is based on the presence of chromium as chromate. Cr3+
ions must be converted to chromate. Interferences caused by
mercury salts or molybdates are readily circumvented.
Limit of sensitivity: 2 mg/l Cr3+ corresponding to 5 mg/l
CrO42–
Note: Non-destructive tests for the detection of chromium in
metal alloys are carried out as follows: Apply a drop of a prop-
er acid solution (1 part hydrochloric acid 37 % + 4 parts hydro-

14 MN
 Test papers for qualitative determinations

Description of qualitative test papers in alphabetical order

gen peroxide 3 %) to the degreased steel surface, wait 10 – CYANTESMO Cat. No. 906 04
30 seconds, add some drops of sodium hydroxide solution
and cover the precipitate with filter paper. Press the chromi- CYANTESMO is a test paper for the determination of hydro-
um test paper on top of the filter paper. In the presence of cyanic acid and cyanides in aqueous solutions and extracts.
chromium, a violet spot appears when the test paper is In the presence of HCN, the pale green paper turns blue. It
bathed in dilute sulphuric acid. does not react with alkaline cyanide solutions, but is very sen-
sitive to cyanide solutions weakly acidified with sulphuric ac-
Limit of sensitivity: 0.1 % Cr id. CYANTESMO reacts intensively in the gas zone just
above the level of the solution to be tested.
Hexacyanoferrate(II), hexacyanoferrate(III), thiocyanate,
COBALT test paper Cat. No. 907 28 thiosulphate and free chlorine interfere. For further informa-
tion refer to the instructions for use supplied with the paper.
The white test paper turns blue upon application of cobalt ions Limit of sensitivity: 0.2 mg/l hydrocyanic acid (HCN)
(Co2+). Interferences caused by iron or copper ions can be
circumvented (see instructions for use supplied with the pa-
per).
Dipyridyl paper Cat. No. 907 25
Limit of sensitivity: 25 mg/l Co2+
Impregnated with α,α’-dipyridyl (= 2,2’-bipyridine), the paper
Note: Non-destructive tests for the detection of cobalt in al-
reacts when Fe2+ ions are present in mineral acid solutions,
loys are carried out as follows: apply 2 drops of acid solution
yielding a deep red very stable complex cation.
(= 50 ml hydrogen peroxide 3 % + 7.5 ml o-phosphoric acid
85 % + 5 ml hydrochloric acid 37 %) to the degreased steel Dipyridyl paper is specific for iron(II) (Fe2+) and permits the
surface. After 30 to 60 seconds, absorb the liquid with the co- detection of minute quantities of Fe2+, even in the presence
balt test paper. The presence of cobalt is indicated by a blue of substantial amounts of Fe3+.
colour, the intensity of which varies according to the Co con- Limit of sensitivity: 2 mg/l Fe2+
tent.
Limit of sensitivity: 0.5 % Co
FLUORIDE test paper Cat. No. 907 50
This paper is used for the determination of fluoride ions. The
pinkish-red paper turns yellowish-white if fluorides are
COPPER test paper Cat. No. 907 29
present in the test solution acidified with HCl.
This test paper shows green spots on a white background in Substantial amounts of chlorates, bromates and sulphates
the presence of copper (Cu). It is specific for Cu. cause white decolourations of the paper. These interferences
Limit of sensitivity: 20 mg/l Cu2+ are readily circumvented.
Note: For the determination of copper on surfaces and in al- Limit of sensitivity: 20 mg/l F–
loys, checking for pores in metallic coatings on copper, for
criminal trace investigations (projectiles), and for the detec-
tion of copper-containing pesticides on plants, fruit or vegeta- Indanthrene yellow paper Cat. No. 907 51
bles we recommend the specific and highly sensitive
CUPROTESMO paper (sensitivity to 0.05 µg). Indanthrene yellow paper is used to determine the end point
in the conversion of vat dyes to the leuco form. In the pres-
ence of excess sodium hydrosulphite (sodium dithionite) and
alkali the yellow paper turns blue. Because of the special pur-
CUPROTESMO Cat. No. 906 01 pose, indanthrene yellow paper is also called Hydrosulphite
paper.
Preference should be given to this test paper for the detection
of copper and copper salts on surfaces and in ash, for the de-
tection of pores in metallic coatings on copper containing ma-
terials, in criminal trace investigations (projectiles), and for
the detection of copper-containing pesticides on fruit and veg-
etables.
The yellow-white paper turns pink to purple-red in the pres-
ence of copper or copper salts. It reacts with metallic copper
as well as with Cu+ and Cu2+ ions.
The test paper is specific for Cu.
Limit of sensitivity: 0.05 µg Cu on surfaces as metallic Cu or
Cu salt, 3 – 5 mg/l Cu ions
Note: In addition to CUPROTESMO we supply a COPPER
test paper based on a different reaction (see above).

MN 15
 Test papers for qualitative determinations

Description of qualitative test papers in alphabetical order

INDIPRO Cat. No. 907 65 NICKEL test paper Cat. No. 907 30
Rapid test for determination of protein contami- This test paper can be used for the determination of nickel in
nation on working surfaces in food industry. solutions as well as in materials containing nickel (non-de-
Rubb the wet paper on the surface to be structive testing of alloys). In the presence of nickel ions
tested, and add the colour reagent on the (Ni2+) the white test paper turns red. Interferences caused by
NEW!
test pad. A colour change from yellow to iron, cobalt or copper can be circumvented as described in
green indicates protein residues. The sur- the instructions for use supplied with the paper.
face should be cleaned then. Limit of sensitivity: 10 mg/l Ni2+
Limit of sensitivity: 50 µg BSA (bovine serum albumin) cause Note: For the determination of nickel in alloys, apply 1 drop ni-
a clear colour change to green. tric acid 3 % to the degreased surface. After about 1 minute
Presentation: The test kit contains a box with 60 test sticks absorb the liquid with the test paper. The presence of nickel
and 2 reagents. is indicated by an intense red colour. The paper can also be
used to test for nickel in consumer goods (zip fasteners,
bracelets, buttons etc.).
Limit of sensitivity: 0.5 % Ni

NITRATESMO Cat. No. 906 11

This test paper is suited for the simultaneous detection of ni-
trate and nitrite. It is based on a colour reaction of nitrate and
nitrite ions in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid or
5 mol/l hydrochloric acid, when a suitable organic compound
is present.
The white NITRATESMO test paper reacts
1. when dipped into 5 mol/l hydrochloric acid in the pres-
ence of nitrite: colour change to lemon-yellow
2. when dipped into sulphuric acid 96 %
a) from white to read in the presence of nitrate alone or
IRON test paper Cat. No. 907 26
large amounts of nitrate with small amounts of nitrite,
This test paper is used for the rapid detection of iron ions b) from white to orange-red in the presence of small
(Fe2+ and Fe3+). These ions form brownish-red spots on a amounts of nitrate with large amounts of nitrite.
yellowish-white background. To detect very small amounts of nitrate in the pres-
Mn, Mo, Ti and vanadium, if present as the cation, interfere. ence of nitrite the latter has to be destroyed with ami-
Interferences caused by Mn, Mo and Ti can be circumvented, dosulphuric acid.
however, not the interference caused by V. After prolonged
storage the sensitivity may decrease. In this case wait 1 – 5 Chlorate, bromate, iodate, hypochlorite, vanadate and iodide
seconds for evaluation. interfere with the NITRATESMO reaction; acetate, arsenate,
hydrogen carbonate, borate, bromide, carbonate, and sul-
Limit of sensitivity: 10 mg/l Fe2+ or Fe3+ phite do not interfere.
Note: For specific detection of iron(II) (Fe2+) we recommend Limit of sensitivity: 10 mg/l nitrate (NO3–), 5 mg/l nitrite (NO2–)
our dipyridyl paper.

OIL test paper Cat. No. 907 60

Lead acetate paper Cat. No. 907 44 This light blue paper turns dark blue in the presence of hydro-
Lead acetate paper is a filter paper impregnated with lead ac- carbons, particularly gasoline, fuel oil, lubricating oil, etc. It is
etate. In the presence of H2S (hydrogen sulphide) the white recommended for the rapid determination of oil contamina-
paper turns brownish-black. Lead acetate reacts with H2S to tions in water and/or soil.
form black lead sulphide. With lower H2S concentrations,
however, the white paper assumes only a brown colour.
Limit of sensitivity: 1 drop of a solution with 5 mg/l sulphide
(S2–) gives a brown ring which is just visible.

Mastitis
see Udder test paper

Mercury bromide paper

see ARSENIC test paper

16 MN
 Test papers for qualitative determinations

Description of qualitative test papers in alphabetical order

To determine oil in water, move the paper back and forth a Colour reaction: PEROXTESMO KO and PEROXTESMO KM
few times in the test solution. react with peroxidase or blood traces, forming blue spots on
For detection of oil in soil, press the paper firmly against the a white background.
soil to be tested and rinse it with clear water. Specificity: PEROXTESMO is specific for peroxidase, but not
With volatile hydrocarbons, the colour reaction of the test pa- for blood. For the latter, the use of PEROXTESMO can only
per has to be evaluated immediately. be considered as a preliminary test.
Limit of sensitivity: The sensitivity of the test paper is largely
dependent on the solubility of the hydrocarbons. By moving
the paper back and forth a few times at the surface of the wa- PHOSPHATESMO KM Cat. No. 906 07
ter, the following amounts can be detected:
Test paper for the detection of acid phosphatase
Application: detection of sperm spots in criminal investiga-
Colour reaction
tions and forensic practice
lower limit clearly
Substance The material to be tested is macroscopically checked for sus-
[mg/l of detectable picious spots. Fabrics show a board-like appearance, and a
water] [mg/l of bluish, white or yellowish fluorescence under a quartz lamp.
water]
The advantage of PHOSPHATESMO KM is that it permits –
Petroleum ether 250 400 on the scene of crime – rapid indicative tests whether the sus-
(b. p. 40 – 80 °C) picious traces contain sperms or not.
Gasoline (high octane) 10 25 The test papers are individually sealed in blue plastic foil and
Fuel oil 5 10 packed in plastic boxes. After use they may be replaced into
the same foil and taken as proof for filing.
Lubricating oil 1 5
Colour reaction: the test paper reacts with acid phosphatase
(sperm spots) yielding violet spots on a white background.
When testing volatile substances, the colour reaction must be
evaluated immediately, because it fades rapidly. Specificity: PHOSPHATESMO is specific for acid phos-
phatase. Control tests with saliva, mucus, or female genital
secretions give negative results.
PEROXTESMO KM Cat. No. 906 05 The reaction is not a suitable substitute for the microscopic
PEROXTESMO KO Cat. No. 906 06 determination of live spermatozoa.

Test papers for the detection of peroxidase or blood traces

PEROXTESMO KM for the detection of blood traces in crim-
inal investigation and forensic practice Phosphatesmo MI Cat. No. 906 12
A sample of the suspicious material, measuring a few mm2 or Test sticks for the determination of alkaline phosphatase
so, is soaked in water or physiological sodium chloride solu- in milk. Suitable as a rapid test for successful pasteuriza-
tion. Then the PEROXTESMO paper is opened by seizing tion of raw milk
both ends of the plastic envelope and tearing them apart. The
wet sample, soaked for about 1 minute, is placed on the test
paper. If traces of blood are present, a distinct discoloration
appears after a few seconds. NEW!
PEROXTESMO KO for the detection of peroxidase in food-
processing industries
A drop of the liquid to be tested, e.g. vegetable juice, is ap-
plied to the test paper, or a section of a plant part is firmly
pressed against the test paper. Each blue or bluish-green dis-
coloration within 2 minutes proves the presence of peroxi-
dase.

Dip the test stick into the milk and incubate at 36 °C. A colour
change from white to yellow indicates the presence of raw
milk or non-pasteurized milk. No colour change indicates a
successful pasteurization.
Limit of sensitivity: 0.5% raw milk in pasteurized milk can be
detected.
Presentation: box with 50 test sticks 10 x 95 mm
Store the test sticks dry and cool (+2 to +8 °C).

MN 17
 Test papers for qualitative determinations

Description of qualitative test papers in alphabetical order

PLUMBTESMO® Cat. No. 906 02 Note: For the detection of sulphite in meat products, also refer
to our Sulphite test paper.
PLUMBTESMO® provides a convenient and simple way to
detect lead and lead salts in solutions or on any surface in-
cluding painted surfaces, metal surfaces, dishes, ceramics,
toys and other items. It can also be used for criminalistic Potassium iodide starch paper
search for traces of projectiles.
For detection of metallic lead and lead salts on surfaces, mois- This is a filter paper impregnated with potassium iodide (KI)
ten the test paper with distilled water and press it against the and starch for the detection of nitrite and free chlorine.
surface to be tested for about 1 to 2 minutes. PLUMBTESMO Nitrite or free chlorine oxidise potassium iodide to form ele-
is white when dry and turns yellow when wet. Lead is indicated mental iodine which reacts with the starch in known manner.
when the paper turns pink to dark purple. Large quantities are Colour reaction: white → blue-violet
indicated immediately, smaller quantities after a few minutes.
Potassium iodide starch paper may be used by dipping it into
The evaluation should be made within 15 minutes.
the solution to be tested. More often, however, it is used in the
PLUMBTESMO® can also be used as an indicator for lead in manner of a spot test by applying drops of the solution to the
automobile exhaust pipes, when leaded gasoline has been paper. Depending on the type of application, we supply three
burnt. For this test PLUMBTESMO® offers the following ad- grades differing in absorption properties and paper surface:
vantages:
MN 816 N standard grade Cat. No. 907 54
the test can be performed directly on the vehicle
it is rapid and reliable and does not require any chemi- MN 260 HE high sensitivity grade Cat. No. 907 57
cal skills MN 616 T recommended for spot tests Cat. No. 907 58
no additional laboratory equipment is necessary; some Limit of sensitivity: 1 mg/l NO2– / 1 mg/l free Cl2
distilled water, a spray bottle with acetone (to remove Recommended application: end point detection during diazo-
the soot, if necessary), disposable gloves and the test tations (for this reason, potassium iodide starch paper is
paper PLUMBTESMO® for the detection of lead is all sometimes called "Diazonium paper"); determination of ace-
you need tic acid anhydride; general test for organic substances which
Interferences by tellurium, silver, cadmium, barium and stron- release iodine; detection of residues of peracetic acid in dia-
tium are readily circumvented. lysates.
Limit of sensitivity: 0.05 µg lead on surfaces or as solid Pb
salt, 5 mg/l Pb2+ in solutions

Potassium test paper Cat. No. 907 27

This test paper shows potassium as orange-red spots on a
light yellow background.
Rubidium, cesium and thallium(I) also produce orange-red
colour reactions.
Excess of sodium and heavy metal ions reduce sensitivity.
Larger amounts of ammonium ions cause interfering discol-
ourations.
In the instructions for use, which are supplied with the paper,
a special method is provided to circumvent any of these inter-
ferences.
Limit of sensitivity: 250 mg/l K+

Potassium iodate starch paper Cat. No. 907 53

Potassium iodate starch paper is a filter paper impregnated
with potassium iodate (KIO3) and starch, which is used for the
detection of sulphurous acid (H2SO3) and alkali sulphites.
The stoichiometry of the reaction is as follows:
2 IO3– + 5 SO32– + 2 H+ → 5 SO42– + I2 + H2O SILVER test paper Cat. No. 907 32
The sulphurous acid reduces potassium iodate to form ele- This test paper shows silver ions (Ag+)
as rot-violet spots on
mental iodine which reacts with the starch in known manner a salmon-red background.
to a blue-violet complex. Thus the white potassium iodate Interferences caused by mercury and copper ions (Hg2+,
starch paper turns blue-violet in the presence of H2SO3. Cu2+) are readily circumvented. Gold, platinum and palladium
Limit of sensitivity: 5 mg/l SO2 produce colour reaction similar to that of silver, but can be
Recommended application: detection of sulphur dioxide masked.
(SO2) in the chemical laboratory, testing of meat products Limit of sensitivity: 20 mg/l Ag+
suspected of containing added sulphite.

18 MN
 Test papers for qualitative determinations

Description of qualitative test papers in alphabetical order

SULPHITE test paper Cat. No. 907 63 milk to depart from the normal value, and the udder test paper
detects such changes. Occasionally, only one teat of an ud-
This test paper is recommended for the rapid detection of sul- der shows symptoms of the infection. Consequently, all four
phites and gaseous sulphur dioxide. The white paper turns teats require testing. The udder test paper contains four indi-
pink to brick-red in the presence of sulphite or free sulphur di- cator areas, one for a sample from each teat.
oxide.
Colour reaction: The milk of healthy cows changes the indica-
The paper does not react with sulphites in acidic solutions. tor colour to yellowish-green (pH 6.4 – 6.6). Milk from moder-
These have to be neutralised with solid sodium acetate. Thio- ately afflicted animals causes the colour to turn green (pH
sulphates only interfere with the determination of gaseous about 7) while milk from severe cases of mastitis gives rise to
sulphur dioxide. different shades of blue (pH 7 – 8 or higher). If the indicator
Limit of sensitivity: 10 mg/l Na2SO3 remains yellow, the milk shows a pronounced acidic pH value
Note: sulphite test paper can also be used for medical-diag- (pH 6.3 or less) indicating other types of diseases.
nostic purposes as a rapid test for sulphite oxidase deficien- Presentation: 20 udder test papers 90 x 140 mm in PE bags,
cy. with four indicator spots and imprinted cow and udder symbol.
Additionally the papers provide space for individual remarks.

Turmeric paper Cat. No. 907 47

Turmeric paper is a filter paper impregnated with curcumin, Vat dye conversion
the yellow dye extracted from the roots of Curcuma tinctoria
(yellow ginger). It is used to detect boric acid and borates. see Indanthrene yellow paper
Colour reaction: yellow → red; oxidising agents and iodide in-
terfere
Application: The solution to be tested is acidified with dilute WATESMO Cat. No. 906 09
hydrochloric acid (pH 1 – 2); the turmeric paper is dipped into
this solution and allowed to dry. Depending on the borate con- WATESMO is a test paper for the detection of water in the liq-
centration the yellow paper turns orange to red. When the uid as well as the vapour phase
dried reaction zone is dipped into concentrated sodium hy- a) in the liquid phase
droxide solution (NaOH), it turns greenish-black in the pres- in aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons (gasoline, oil), in
ence of boron compounds. – The yellow turmeric paper will isopropanol and higher alcohols, in waxes, for determi-
change colour from yellow to brown-red with bases. nation of absorptive moisture in salts,
Limit of sensitivity: 20 mg/l boron in solid fats as well as aqueous emulsions of ointment
bases
Depending on the type of sample, a water content of more
than 10 – 15% can be indicated with WATESMO paper.
b) in the vapour phase (indirect determination)
the test strip is dipped into absolutely anhydrous Isopro-
panol and, while still moist, is placed into the medium to
be tested, such as a current of air. The isopropanol acts
as a solvent aid between the water vapour and
WATESMO. After evaporation of the alcohol in the dri-
est possible atmosphere, a blue colour will appear, the
intensity of which depends on the amount of water va-
pour present.
WATESMO changes colour from light blue to deep blue. Do
not touch the test paper, except with absolutely dry fingers or
forceps. When dry, the paper does not react with atmospheric
moisture.
WATESMO indicates the absence of water, if the test strip re-
mains colourless after evaporation of the solvent. Therefore it
can be used to indicate water seeping into waterproof con-
tainers, through impermeable clothing or other watertight
products.
Exceptions and sources of error:
WATESMO cannot be used where methanol, dimethylfor-
mamide, dimethylsulphoxide or mixtures containing these
solvents are present. When dipped onto a solvent containing
substantial amounts of water, the test strips turns deep blue
immediately, i. e. even prior to evaporation of the solvent.
Udder test paper Cat. No. 907 48 Allowing the test paper to dry in a moist atmosphere may also
The udder test paper is a specially adapted indicator paper for produce a blue colour. Drying in a desiccator may therefore
the rapid determination of streptococcal mastitis. Milk of cows be indicated (see above under b).
infected with this disease cannot be sold, if it is obviously
changed. Most cases of mastitis cause the pH value of the

MN 19
 Test papers for qualitative determinations

Description of qualitative test papers in alphabetical order

WATOR Cat. No. 906 10

Indicator paper for the determination of water in butter
according to DIN 10 311
The storage life of butter is closely linked to the size of the wa-
ter and buttermilk particles it contains. For this reason it is im-
portant to check the water distribution during the manufactur-
ing process and before storing larger quantities. The WATOR
indicator paper allows an exact means for controlling the wa-
ter distribution. Evaluation charts according to the 5-point
evaluation system are available on request.
On contact with water WATOR develops dark-blue spots, the
size and number of which is correlated to the distribution of
the water in the butter.

ZIRKONIUM test paper Cat. No. 907 21

This test paper shows zirconium as purple-red spots on a yel-
low background.
Note: Zirconium test paper is identical with the aluminium test
paper. For this reason it is important to follow the instructions
for the respective test. Only hafnium interferes.
Limit of sensitivity: 20 mg/l Zr4+

20 MN
 Test sticks and test papers for semi-quantitative determinations

QUANTOFIX® test sticks for semi-quantitative determinations

QUANTOFIX® test sticks meet the most important require-
ments for a modern quick-test:
rapid dip and read
convenient the analysis can be carried out without any
further equipment, only a single test stick of
QUANTOFIX® is needed
specific QUANTOFIX® test sticks are highly specif-
ic – possible interferences are eliminated by
precipitation or masking
stable shelf life 2 1/2 years when stored below
+30 °C

Type Gradation Colour change Cat. No.

QUANTOFIX® Aluminium1) 0–5–20–50–200–500 mg/l Al3+ pink to red 913 07
QUANTOFIX® Ammonium1) 0–10–25–50–100–200–400 mg/l NH4+ yellow to orange 913 15
QUANTOFIX® Arsenic1) NEW! 0 – 0.05 – 0.1 – 0.5 – 1.0 – 1.7 – 3.0 mg/l As3+/5+ white to yellowish-brown 913 32
QUANTOFIX® Ascorbic acid 0–50–100–200–300–500–1000–2000 mg/l yellow to green-blue 913 14
vitamin C
QUANTOFIX® Calcium1) 0–10–25–50–100 mg/l Ca2+ yellow to red 913 242)
QUANTOFIX® Carbonate hard- 0–3–6–10–15–20 °d light green to blue 913 23
ness
QUANTOFIX® Chloride 0–500–1000–1500–2000– ≥ 3000 mg/l Cl– brown to yellow 913 21
QUANTOFIX® Chlorine1) 0–1–3–10–30–100 mg/l Cl2 white to red-violet 913 17
QUANTOFIX® Chromate1) 0–3–10–30–100 mg/l CrO42– white to violet 913 01
QUANTOFIX® Cobalt 0–10–25–50–100–250–500–1000 mg/l Co 2+ white to green-blue 913 03
QUANTOFIX® Copper 0–10–30–100–300 mg/l Cu+/2+ white to red-violet 913 04
QUANTOFIX® Cyanide1) 0–1–3–10–30 mg/l CN– white to red-violet 913 18
QUANTOFIX® Formaldehyde1) 0–10–20–40–60–100–200 mg/l HCHO beige to blue-violet 913 28
QUANTOFIX® Iron 10001) 0–5–20–50–100–250–500–1000 mg/l Fe 2+/3+ white to dark red 913 02
QUANTOFIX® Iron 1001) 0–2–5–10–25–50–100 mg/l Fe2+/3+ white to blue-violet 913 08
QUANTOFIX® Molybdenum1) 0–5–20–50–100–250 mg/l Mo6+ white to green 913 25
QUANTOFIX® Nickel 0–10–25–50–100–250–500–1000 mg/l Ni2+ white to light red 913 05
QUANTOFIX® Nitrate/nitrite 0–10–25–50–100–250–500 mg/l NO3 – white to red-violet 913 13
0–1–5–10–20–40–80 mg/l NO2– white to red-violet
®
QUANTOFIX Nitrite 0–1–5–10–20–40–80 mg/l NO2 – white to red-violet 913 11
QUANTOFIX® Nitrite 3000 0–0.1–0.3–0.6–1–2–3 g/l NO2– yellow to red 913 22
Ozone see Ozone test sticks page 30 light yellow to brown –
QUANTOFIX® Peroxide 100 0–1–3–10–30–100 mg/l H2O2 white to blue 913 12
QUANTOFIX® Peroxide 25 0–0,5–2–5–10–25 mg/l H2O2 white to blue 913 19
QUANTOFIX® Phosphate1) 0–3–10–25–50–100 mg/l PO43- white to blue-green 913 20
QUANTOFIX® Potassium1) 0–200–400–700–1000–1500 mg/l K+ yellow to orange 913 16
Silver see Ag-Fix page 28 yellow to brown –
®
QUANTOFIX Sulphate <200 – >400 – >800 – >1200 – >1600 mg/l SO4 2– red to yellow 913 29
QUANTOFIX® Sulphite 0–10–25–50–100–250–500–1000 mg/l SO32– white to salmon 913 06
Swimming pool see Swimming pool test page 31 – –
QUANTOFIX® Tin 0–10–25–50–100–250–500 mg/l Sn2+ white to dark blue 913 09
total Hardness see AQUADUR® test sticks page 29 green to red –
®
QUANTOFIX Zinc ) 1 0–2–5–10–25–50–100 mg/l Zn2+ orange to red 913 10
Presentation: container with 100 test sticks 6 x 95 mm
1) These tests are supplied complete with all reagents required for the determination.
2) Presentation: container with 60 test sticks 3) Presentation: container with 25 test sticks

MN 21
 Test sticks and test papers for semi-quantitative determinations

Description of QUANTOFIX® test sticks in alphabetical order

Type Gradation Colour change Cat. No.

QUANTOFIX® Multistick 0–5–10–15–20–25 °d total hardness green to red 913 26
for aquarium owners 0–3–6–10–15–20 °d carbonate hardness light green to blue 913 273)
pH 6.4–6.8–7.2–7.6–8.0–8.4 yellow to red
Presentation: container with 100 test sticks 6 x 95 mm
1) These tests are supplied complete with all reagents required for the determination.
2) Presentation: container with 60 test sticks 3) Presentation: container with 25 test sticks

QUANTOFIX® Aluminium Cat. No. 913 07

Test sticks and reagents for the semi-quantitative determina-
tion of aluminium in solutions
Range: 5 – 500 mg/l Al3+ QUANTOFIX® Ascorbic acid Cat. No. 913 14
After dipping the test stick into the strongly alkaline test solu- Test sticks for the semi-quantitative determination of vitamin
tion (pH 13.5 – 14) immerse the test area in 10 % acetic acid C in solutions.
for about 1 minute. Range: 50 – 2000 mg/l ascorbic acid
Be2+ interferes. Cu2+ interferes > 10 mg/l (precipitation with Store test sticks for ascorbic acid in a cool and dry place, pro-
KI or Cd powder). The following anions cause low results: tected from sunlight and moisture.
> 100 mg/l MnO4–, PO43–, SO32–, S2–
QUANTOFIX® Calcium Cat. No. 913 24
> 500 mg/l B4O72–, F–, [Fe(CN)63–], S2O42–, SiO44–, cit-
rate and tartrate. Test sticks and reagents for the semi-quantitative determina-
tion of calcium in solutions
Range: 10 – 100 mg/l Ca2+
The following ions only interfere above the indicated concen-
QUANTOFIX® AmmoniumCat. No. 913 15 trations:
Test sticks and reagents for the semi-quantitative deter- > 1000 mg/l Al3+, As3+, NH4+, Sb3+, K+, Na+, Bi3+, Br–, Cl–,
mination of ammonium in solutions
NEW! CN–, CrO42–, [Fe(CN)6]3–, [Fe(CN)6]4–, I–,
Range: 10 – 400 mg/l NH4+
NO2–, NO3–, PO43–, SCN–, S2O52–, acetate,
ascorbate, citrate, tartrate
> 500 mg/l Ba2+, Mg2+ > 250 mg/l Sr2+
QUANTOFIX® Arsenic Cat. No. 913 32 > 100 mg/l MnO4 –

Test sticks and reagents for semi-quantitative determination Heavy metals interfere above the following concentrations:
of arsenic
> 100 mg/l Mn2+ > 50 mg/l Ni2+
Range: 0.05 – 3 mg/l As3+/5+ 2+ 3+ 2+
> 25 mg/l Fe , Fe , Pb
Addition of zinc and a solid acid results in the formation of ar-
> 10 mg/l Cr3+, Co2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Zn2+
sine from any arsenic compounds in the sample solution. Ar-
sine reacts in the gaseous phase with mercury bromide of the
reaction zone of the test stick to form mixed arsenic/mercury
halides, which depending on concentration are coloured yel-
low to brown.
QUANTOFIX® Carbonate hardness Cat. No. 913 23
Test sticks for the semi-quantitative determination of the car-
bonate hardness
Carbonate hardness is that part of the total hardness resulting
from the content of alkaline earth ions, which are equivalent
to the carbonate and hydrogen carbonate ions present in the
water. Thus the carbonate hardness is the portion of the total
hardness which contributes to the formation of alkaline earth
carbonates (boiler scale).
Range: 3° – 20 °d
Strong bases or other acid-consuming substances cause
false results.

22 MN
 Test sticks and test papers for semi-quantitative determinations

Description of QUANTOFIX® test sticks in alphabetical order

QUANTOFIX® Chlorine Cat. No. 913 17

Test sticks and reagents for the semi-quantitative determina-
tion of free chlorine in solutions
Range: 1 – 100 mg/l Cl2
Bromide and iodide above 5 mg/l cause fading of the colour.
Higher concentrations bleach out the colour. Nitrite can also
cause low readings. Strongly alkaline solutions (pH > 10)
have to be adjusted to a pH value of 6 – 7 using dilute sulphu-
ric acid.

QUANTOFIX® Chromate Cat. No. 913 01

Test sticks and reagents for the semi-quantitative determina-
tion of chromate in solutions
Range: 3 – 100 mg/l CrO42–
Interferences caused by molybdates are eliminated by addi-
tion of oxalic acid in crystalline form to the strongly acidic so-
lution. Iron(III) ions are precipitated with sodium hydroxide
solution 32 %.

QUANTOFIX® Cobalt Cat. No. 913 03

Test sticks for the semi-quantitative determination of cobalt in
QUANTOFIX® Chloride Cat. No. 913 21 solutions
Range: 10 – 1000 mg/l Co2+
Test sticks for the semi-quantitative determination of chloride
(Cl–) in solutions If the reaction colour does not appear on the colour scale,
larger quantities of interfering ions (Cu2+, Hg+) are present.
Range: 500 – 3000 mg/l Cl– To eliminate these interferences, follow the procedure given
QUANTOFIX® Chloride uses the same general principle as in the instructions for use provided with the test sticks.
the AQUADUR® test sticks (see page 29).
In the pH range 2 to 12 the reaction is independent of the pH
value of the solution to be analysed. Strongly acidic solutions
have to be adjusted to pH 5 – 7 with sodium hydroxide solu- QUANTOFIX® Copper Cat. No. 913 04
tion, alkaline solutions are adjusted to the same pH range Test sticks for the semi-quantitative determination of copper
with nitric acid. Chloride concentrations greater 3000 mg/l (Cu+/Cu2+) in solutions
can be determined after defined dilution of the test sample
with distilled water. Range: 10 – 300 mg/l Cu+/Cu2+
The following ions only interfere above the indicated concen- Strongly acid solutions (pH < 2) have to be buffered to pH 2
trations: to 6 using crystalline sodium acetate.
> 1000 mg/l Al3+, Ca2+, Cd2+, Ce4+, Cu2+, K+, Mg2+, Mn2+,
Na+, NH4+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Sn2+, Zn2+, BO3–,
CO32– CrO42–, NO2–, NO3–, PO43–, SO32–, QUANTOFIX® Cyanide Cat. No. 913 18
SO42–, acetate, citrate, oxalate, tartrate, EDTA Test sticks and reagents for the semi-quantitative determina-
tion of cyanide in solutions
> 500 mg/l Fe2+, Fe3+
Range: 1 – 30 mg/l CN–
> 200 mg/l I–,
Only free cyanides or cyanide complexes which can be de-
> 100 mg/l Ag+, Br–, SCN–
composed with chlorine are detected. Strongly alkaline solu-
> 75 mg/l Hg2+ tions (pH > 10) must be adjusted to a pH of 6 – 7 using dilute
> 20 mg/l CN–, S2O32– sulphuric acid. Thiocyanates in excess of 1 mg/l produce a
> 10 mg/l S2–, ascorbate similar coloration. Iodide and bromide above 5 mg/l cause the
colour to fade as does sulphide above 20 mg/l.
Chloride test sticks have to be stored cool and dry, protected
from sunlight and moisture!
Store unopened packages in the refrigerator!

MN 23
 Test sticks and test papers for semi-quantitative determinations

Description of QUANTOFIX® test sticks in alphabetical order

per test field turns red indicating the presence of nitrite, the
NO2– has to be destroyed with amidosulphuric acid (Cat. No.
QUANTOFIX® Formaldehyde Cat. No. 913 28 918 973); then the nitrate test is repeated with another test
stick. Following this procedure, 10 mg/l nitrate can be deter-
Test sticks and reagents for the semi-quantitative determina- mined even when 1000 mg/l nitrite are present. Store nitrate
tion of formaldehyde in solutions test sticks in a cool and dry place, protected from sunlight and
moisture.
Range: 10 – 200 mg/l HCHO
Other aldehydes such as e. g. acetaldehyde or glutardialde-
hyde only react at higher concentrations, resulting in a discol-
oration which deviates from the colour scale. Acetone does QUANTOFIX® Nitrite Cat. No. 913 11
not react. Strong oxidising and reducing agents cause low re-
sults. Test sticks for the semi-quantitative determination of nitrite
(NO2–) in solutions
Range: 1 – 80 mg/l NO2–

QUANTOFIX® Iron 1000 Cat. No. 913 02

Test sticks and reagents for the semi-quantitative determina-
tion of iron (Fe2+/Fe3+) in solutions
Range: 5 – 1000 mg/l Fe2+/Fe3+
Some heavy metals, when present in larger concentrations,
can cause slight discolorations. These can be eliminated by
addition of a small quantity of cadmium powder.

QUANTOFIX® Iron 100 Cat. No. 913 08

Test sticks and reagents for the semi-quantitative determina-
tion of iron (Fe2+/Fe3+) in solutions
Range: 2 – 100 mg/l Fe2+/Fe3+
Cobalt > 50 mg/l Co2+ produces a yellow-brown colour, which
can be eliminated by boiling with sodium dithionite. Iron in
hexacyanoferrates is not determined unless it is first decom-
posed with conc. sulphuric acid.
Between pH 1 and 13 the reaction is independent of the pH
QUANTOFIX® Molybdenum Cat. No. 913 25 value of the test solution. Strongly acidic solutions (pH < 1)
Test sticks and reagents for the semi-quantitative determina- should be buffered with sodium acetate, and strongly alkaline
tion of molybdenum solutions (pH > 13) are adjusted to about pH 3 – 5 using citric
acid.
Range: 5 – 250 mg/l Mo6+
Store nitrite test sticks in a cool and dry place, protected from
Store molybdenum test sticks in a cool and dry place, protect-
sunlight and moisture.
ed from sunlight and moisture (storage temperature below +
30 °C).

QUANTOFIX® Nickel Cat. No. 913 05 QUANTOFIX® Nitrite 3000 Cat. No. 913 22
Test sticks for the semi-quantitative determination of nickel Test sticks for the semi-quantitative determination of high
(Ni2+) in solutions concentrations of nitrite (NO2–) in solutions
Range: 10 – 1000 mg/l Ni2+ Range: 0.1 – 3 g/l NO2–
If the reaction colour does not appear on the colour scale, Between pH 2 and 12 the reaction is independent of the pH
larger quantities of interfering ions (Co2+, Hg+) are present. value of the test solution. Adjust strongly acidic solutions with
To eliminate these interferences, follow the procedure given dilute sodium hydroxide solution and strongly alkaline solu-
in the instructions for use provided with the test sticks. tions with dilute sulphuric acid to a pH of about 4 – 6.
Store nitrite test sticks in a cool and dry place, protected from
sunlight and moisture.

QUANTOFIX® Nitrate/Nitrite Cat. No. 913 13

Test sticks for the semi-quantitative determination of nitrate
and nitrite in solutions
Range: 10 – 500 mg/l NO3–, 1 – 80 mg/l NO2–
Because nitrite interferes with the determination of nitrate, the
test sticks contain an additional test field for nitrite. If this up-

24 MN
 Test sticks and test papers for semi-quantitative determinations

Description of QUANTOFIX® test sticks in alphabetical order

QUANTOFIX® Peroxide 100 Cat. No. 913 12

QUANTOFIX® Peroxide 25 Cat. No. 913 19
Test sticks for the semi-quantitative determination of hydro-
gen peroxide (H2O2) and peroxides in solutions
Ranges:
QUANTOFIX® Peroxide 100: 1 – 100 mg/l H2O2
QUANTOFIX® Peroxide 25: 0.5 – 25 mg/l H2O2
QUANTOFIX® Peroxide is also suited for the determination of
peracetic acid and other organic and inorganic hydroperox-
ides.
For the determination of hydroperoxides in organic solvents
the test field is moistened with a drop of water after evapora-
tion of the solvent.
Between pH 2 and 9 the reaction is independent of the pH val-
ue of the test solution. Strongly acidic solutions should be
buffered with sodium acetate, alkaline solutions are adjusted
to pH 5 – 7 using citric acid. Strong oxidising agents interfere.
Store peroxide test sticks in a cool and dry place. Avoid ex-
posing the sticks to sunlight and moisture. Store unopened
packs in a refrigerator!

QUANTOFIX® Phosphate Cat. No. 913 20

Test sticks and reagents for the semi-quantitative determina-
tion of ortho-phosphate (PO43–) in solutions
Range: 3 – 100 mg/l PO43–
Only ortho-phosphate is determined. Other phosphates, such
as poly-, pyro-, and metaphosphates, have to be decom-

MN 25
 Test sticks and test papers for semi-quantitative determinations

Description of QUANTOFIX® test sticks in alphabetical order

posed for the determination of total phosphates. Silica (SiO2) QUANTOFIX® Tin Cat. No. 913 09
contents above 10 mg/l react in the same way giving a blue
coloration. Larger amounts of sulphide ions (S2–) cause a Test sticks for the semi-quantitative determination of tin(II)-
brown colour of the test field, smaller concentrations cause ions in solutions
low results. Range: 10 – 500 mg/l Sn2+
The following ions do not interfere: Tetravalent tin has to be reduced. To do this, add 0.5 ml hy-
< 1000 mg/l Ag+, Al3+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cr3+, Mg2+, Mn2+, NH4+, drochloric acid 37 % and some magnesium turnings to 5 ml of
the test solution and heat to boiling temperature. Hexacyano-
Ni2+, Zn2+, Cl–, F–, NO3–, SO42–, citrate, oxalate, tartrate, ferrates interfere > 10 mg/l (yellow-brown colour) and must
< 500 mg/l Ca2+, < 250 mg/l Pb2+, < 50 mg/l Cu2+, be decomposed by evaporation with sulphuric acid 96 %.
< 25 mg/l Fe3+, 5 mg/l Fe2+, < 2 mg/l NO2–

QUANTOFIX® Potassium Cat. No. 913 16

QUANTOFIX® Zinc Cat. No. 913 10
Test sticks and reagents for the semi-quantitative determina-
Test sticks and reagents for the semi-quantitative determina-
tion of potassium (K+) in solutions
tion of zinc (Zn2+) in solutions
Range: 200 – 1500 mg/l K+
Range: 2 – 100 mg/l Zn2+
Sodium ions > 3000 mg/l cause low results.
The following ions only interfere in larger concentrations:
The following ions do not interfere:
> 1000 mg/l Ag+, Al3+, Bi3+, Ca2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Fe3+,
< 1000 mg/l Al3+, Ba2+, Bi3+, Ca2+, Fe2+/Fe3+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Mn2+, NH4+, Pb2+, Sn2+, Sn4+, Cl–, CrO42–,
Sr2+, Zn2+; < 200 mg/l NH4+, Hg+/Hg2+, Tl+; < 25 mg/l S2–
NO2–, NO3–, PO43–, SCN–, SO32–, SO42–, ace-
Protect test sticks from sunlight and moisture. Store package
in a cool and dry place (storage temperature below +30 °C). tate, ascorbate, citrate, oxalate, tartrate
The following ions will cause low results:
> 500 mg/l Cr3+,
> 200 mg/l CN–,
QUANTOFIX® Sulphate Cat. No. 913 29 > 100 mg/l Mg2+,
Test sticks for the semi-quantitative determination of sulphate > 50 mg/l S2–,
in solutions > 25 mg/l Ni2+.
Range: 200 – 1600 mg/l SO42– The presence of Cu2+, > 10 mg/l Hg+/Hg2+ (precipitation with
QUANTOFIX® sulphate uses the same general principle as iron or cadmium powder in weakly acidic solution) and
the AQUADUR® test sticks (see page 29). > 50 mg/l MnO4– (destroy with hydroxylammonium chloride
Between pH 4 and 8 the reaction is independent of the pH val- in acidic solution) cause a brown coloration of the test field.
ue of the test solution. Strongly acidic samples have to be ad-
justed with sodium acetate, alkaline solutions are adjusted
using tartaric acid.
The following ions only interfere above the indicated concen-
trations:
> 1000 mg/l BrO3–, ClO3–, CrO42–, SO32–, S2O52–, SeO32–,
> 500 mg/l S2O42–, > 100 mg/l CN–, S2–

QUANTOFIX® Sulphite Cat. No. 913 06

Test sticks for the semi-quantitative determination of sulphite
in solutions
Range: 10 – 1000 mg/l SO32–
Strongly or weakly acidic solutions have to be buffered with
solid sodium acetate prior to testing, since the test paper does
not react with sulphites in acidic media. Sulphide ions inter-
fere since they also produce a red reaction colour of the test
paper in neutral solution. This interference can be eliminated
by the addition of an excess of nickel(II) ions. The NiS formed
can be removed by filtration. Larger amounts of reducing
agents, such as hydroxylammonium chloride or ascorbic ac-
id, interfere, causing low sulphite results.

26 MN
 Test sticks and test papers for semi-quantitative determinations

QUANTOFIX® Multisticks for aquarium owners

Cat. No. 913 26 / 913 27
Test sticks for the semi-quantitative determination of the total
hardness (Ca2+, Mg2+), carbonate hardness (HCO3–, CO32–)
and the pH value of aquarium water
Ranges:
total hardness 5° – 25 °d
carbonate hardness 3° – 20 °d
pH value 6,4 – 8,4
The total hardness of a water is caused by its content of cal-
cium and magnesium salts (Ca2+, Mg2+). When measuring
the total hardness, the sum of these salts is determined.
The carbonate hardness is a part of the total hardness and
is caused by that portion of alkaline earth metals which are
equivalent to the carbonate and hydrogen carbonate ions
(CO32–, HCO3–) present in the water. The carbonate hard-
ness is thus a measure for the buffer properties of the water.
Water with a low carbonate hardness is not sufficiently buff-
ered, therefore the pH value can fluctuate easily.
The pH value indicates whether the water is acidic, alkaline
or neutral. Water with a pH of 7 is called neutral. Towards low-
er pH values the water becomes increasingly acidic, towards
higher pH values it becomes more alkaline.
The QUANTOFIX® multisticks are a convenient tool for ori-
enting measurement of these three parameters, which are
very important for aquarium waters.

27 MN
 Test sticks and test papers for semi-quantitative determinations

Other test sticks and test papers for semi-quantitative determinations

Test paper / test stick Determination Gradation Presentation Cat. No.

of
Ag-Fix (test paper) silver 0–1–2–3–5–7–10 g/l Ag+ reel of 5 m length 907 40
Ag-Fix (test sticks) silver and pH 0–0.5–1–2–3–5–7–10 g/l Ag+ / box of 100 test sticks 6 x 95 mm 907 41
pH 4–5–6–7–8
AQUADUR® water hardness < 3, >5, >10, >15, >20, >25 °d box of 100 test sticks 6 x 95 mm 912 01
AQUADUR® water hardness < 3, > 4, > 7, > 14, > 21 °d box of 100 test sticks 6 x 95 mm 912 20
Fluoride test fluoride ions 0–2–5–10–20–50–100 mg/l F– box of 30 test disks + reagent 907 34
INDIQUAT QUATS customers request reel of 5 m length 90900-2
Moisture indicator relative humidity 20–30–40–50–60–70–80 % different presentations 908 01
in air
OZON test sticks ozone content in < 90, 90–150, 150-210, > 210 box of 12 test sticks 10 x 95 mm 907 36
air µg/m3 O3
SALTESMO halide ions 0–0.25–0.5–1–2–3–4–5 g/l NaCl box of 30 test disks 906 08
Swimming pool test free chlorine 0–0.5–1–3–5–10 mg/l (ppm) Cl2 box of 50 test sticks 6 x 95 mm 907 52
alkalinity 0–80–120–180–240 mg/l (ppm)
CaCO3
pH 6.4–6.8–7.2–7.6–8.4

Description of semi-quantitative test sticks / test papers in alphabetical order

Ag-Fix test sticks Cat. No. 907 41 Gradation test sticks:
Ag-Fix test paper Cat. No. 907 40 Silver: 0 – 0,5 – 1 – 2 – 3 – 5 – 7 – 10 g/l Ag+
pH: 4–5–6–7–8
During operation of a fixing bath it is necessary to check the Gradation test paper:
silver content as well as the pH in regular intervals to insure
proper operation. A decrease in fixing capacity is noted as an Silver: 0 – 1 – 2 – 3 – 5 – 7 – 10 g/l Ag+
increase in silver concentration of an alteration of the pH val- 0 – 1/8 – 1/4 – 3/8 – 5/8 – 7/8 – 11/4 oz. per US gallon
ue. The convenient Ag-Fix test sticks from MACHEREY- Colour reactions:
NAGEL allow a simultaneous semi-quantitative determination Silver: ochreous → brown
of silver and the pH value in photographic solutions. pH: yellow → blue
With these sticks two paper zones are sealed onto the lower
end of a plastic strip, one for the determination of the silver
concentration and one for pH measurement. After dipping the
test sticks in the test solution the colours of the test zones are
compared with the colour scale on the container. Ag-Fix
comes in packages of 100 test sticks. The length of the sticks
has been chosen for safe and convenient handling.
The plug of the container is filled with a desiccant resulting in
a shelf life of 2 1/2 years for Ag-Fix sticks.
The determination is very simple: remove only as many sticks
as are required and close the container immediately. Do not
touch the test paper zone. Dip the test stick briefly into the fix-
ing bath and strip of excess liquid. After 30 seconds compare
the test fields with the colour scale and read off results. Ag-
Fix test sticks and Ag-Fix paper are not suited for fixing baths
with pH values below 4. Concentrations above 10 g per litre
can be determined after dilution of the fixing bath.
Iron and copper ions interfere and show a falsely positive re-
action. These ions can be determined with the test sticks
QUANTOFIX® Iron 100 (Cat. No. 913 08), QUANTOFIX® Iron
1000 (Cat. No. 913 02) or QUANTOFIX® Copper (Cat. No.
913 04).

28 MN
 Test sticks and test papers for semi-quantitative determinations

Description of semi-quantitative test sticks / test papers in alphabetical order

AQUADUR® test sticks Cat. No. 912 01/ 912 20

Test sticks for determination of the water hardness
The hardness of water depends on its content of calcium and
magnesium salts. When measuring the total hardness, the
sum of these salts is determined.
It is expressed in mmol/l or in the older common unit degrees
of hardness, whereby it is important to differentiate between
German, English and French values:
in Germany: 1 °d = 10 mg/l CaO = 17,8 mg/l CaCO3
in England: 1 °e = 14.3 mg/l CaCO3
in France 1 °f = 10 mg/l CaCO3
Conversion factors: 1 °d = 1.25 °e = 1.78 °f = 0.178 mmol/l
In the USA, the water hardness is simply expressed in terms
of mg/l CaCO3.
Apart from the above values, water is often simply classified
as "soft water", or "hard water" etc. The following values gen-
erally apply to these terms:
below 90 mg/l CaCO3 – very soft water
90 – 180 mg/l CaCO3 – soft water
180 – 270 mg/l CaCO3 – medium hard water
270 – 450 mg/l CaCO3 – hard water
above 450 mg/l CaCO3 – very hard water
The hardness of water is often of importance where no labo-
ratory facilities for the analytical determination exist. In these
cases AQUADUR® provides a quick method for an indicative
reading. Its sensitivity is adequate for textile establishments Fluoride test Cat. No. 907 34
of moderate size, in dyeing, laundries, small water works,
boiler rooms as well as in pisciculture, aquaria and also for Test disks and reagent for the semi-quantitative determina-
household use. tion of fluoride ions
Sensitivity: AQUADUR® allows the determination of the water Gradation 0 – 2 – 5 – 10 – 20 – 50 – 100 mg/l F–
hardness from 0 to over 21 °d, i.e. up to about 540 mg/l (each kit contains a colour comparison scale)
CaCO3. Standard gradations are: The reaction is based on the bleaching action of fluoride ions
0 – 5 – 10 – 15 – 20 – 25 °d or 0 – 4 – 7 – 14 – 21 °d on an aluminium colour complex.
Other sizes and other gradations are available (bulk package The fluoride test is especially suited for rapid control of fluo-
with 5000 sticks or single-sealed [pack of 1000]). ride concentrations. Its purpose is to define concentration
ranges and to detect values which fall short of or exceed giv-
en limits. Chlorates and bromates cause white discoloura-
tions of the test paper. Addition of sodium dithionite
I II III IV
< 3¡d > 4¡d > 7¡d > 14¡d > 21¡d (Na2S2O4) will circumvent this interference without affecting
0-0.3 0.7-1.2 1.4-2.5 2.8-3.7 >4.0 the fluoride test.
mol/m3 mol/m3 mol/m3 mol/m3 mol/m3
Large concentrations of sulphate also cause discolorations.
Addition of barium chloride (BaCl2) eliminates this interfer-
ence.
When testing intensely coloured solutions the colour of the
sample must be taken into account for evaluation.

INDIQUAT Cat. No. 909 00 – 909 02

This paper is used for the semi-quantitative determination of
the concentration of quaternary ammonium compounds
↑↑↑ ↑↑↑ ↑↑↑ ↑↑↑ ↑↑↑ (QUATS) in disinfectant solutions.
1 ¡d = 1.78 ¡f = 1.25 ¡e = 17.8 mg/l CaCO3 Since concentration and composition of these solutions vary
widely from one product to the next INDIQUAT papers are tai-
lored to each individual disinfectant. This is why we supply
INDIQUAT papers only to manufacturers. Consumers can
Colour reaction: green → red purchase INDIQUAT papers from the producer of the respec-
Method of application: Dip the stick briefly into the water and tive disinfectant.
shake off excess. After 1 minute compare with the colour Presentation: reels of 5 m length and 10 mm width in black
scale. The stick should be held by the end and care should be plastic dispensers with colour scale. Special designs for la-
taken not to touch the area covered by the test papers. bels or scales on request.

MN 29
 Test sticks and test papers for semi-quantitative determinations

Description of semi-quantitative test sticks / test papers in alphabetical order

Moisture indicator Cat. No. 908 01 OZONE test sticks Cat. No. 907 36
This represents a simple method for the determination of the Ozone is a colourless toxic gas. It is irritating to eyes and mu-
relative atmospheric humidity. It consists of a series of ab- cous membranes and can cause respiratory complaints. An
sorbent papers impregnated with various chemicals which ozone content of 180 µg/m3 is considered as critical value
change the colour or the paper from blue to pink or vice versa, above which sensitive persons should avoid stronger physi-
according to the relative moisture of the air. cal exertion. The ozone values published by public media like
The illustrated moisture indicator is supplied as pack of 12 ad- press, radio or TV represent the ozone concentrations in the
hesive labels 50 x 100 mm and permits readings for a range vicinity of the measuring stations. However, actual ozone val-
from 20 to 80 percent relative atmospheric humidity. It should ues in other locations can considerably deviate from these
be read at the point where the transition colour from pink to published values due to meteorological and chemical influ-
blue appears. ences such as wind, solar radiation, exhaust gases from ve-
hicles etc. For this reason a local measurement of ozone
Indicator for relative atmospheric humidity concentrations is recommended.
OZON test sticks are a convenient test for orienting deter-
% 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 % mination of the ozone concentration in air. Similar to the
QUANTOFIX® test sticks they consists of plastic strips
10 mm wide, onto which a test paper has been sealed at the
lower end. This allows easy handling of the test.
comparison colour Ranges and gradation:
< 90, 90 – 150, 150 – 210, > 210 µg/m3 ozone
Method of application: Place a test stick in the open air, pro-
tected from wind; if necessary, fix the test stick with a piece of
Limit of sensitivity: about ±5 % relative moisture. Where tem- adhesive tape. After 10 minutes compare the test field with
peratures are substantially above or below 20 °C, corrections the colour scale on the container.
have to be made as follows: add 2.5 % relative moisture per Interferences: Other oxidising reagents (e. g. chlorine) cause
5° temperature increase, or subtract 2.5 % relative moisture a similar colour change and simulate higher ozone values.
per 5° temperature decrease. The measuring ranges are valid for a relative atmospheric hu-
Note: Special sizes and presentations can be produced to midity of 30 to 60 %. Humidity values below 30 % can cause
customer’s specification and design. low ozone results, humidity above 60 % can result in higher
ozone values.

example

30 MN
 Test sticks and test papers for semi-quantitative determinations

Description of semi-quantitative test sticks / test papers in alphabetical order

SALTESMO Cat. No. 906 08 Swimming pool test Cat. No. 907 52
Test paper for the quantitative determination of halide ions This swimming pool test consists of test sticks for the semi-
This test is based on a reaction between the halide ions Cl–, quantitative determination of free chlorine, alkalinity and the
Br–, I– and a coloured silver salt, which is decolourised by the pH value of swimming pool water.
reaction. Although the paper will react with all of the above hal- Parameter: Ranges: Colour change
ides, it is most frequently used for the determination of chloride Free chlorine 0.5 – 10 mg/l Cl2 yellow → violet
and thus, indirectly, for the detection of NaCl. It is for this pur- Alkalinity 80 – 240 mg/l CaCO3 light green → dark green
pose that SALTESMO paper is specially recommended. pH 6.4 – 8.4 yellow → red
SALTESMO is most commonly used in the analysis of food- (1 mg/l = ^ 1 ppm)

stuffs1). It is an accepted practice to calculate the total halide These test sticks are a convenient tool for orienting measure-
content of a given sample, converted to the equivalent NaCl ment of three parameters which are very important for swim-
value, as the chloride content of the sample. The determina- ming pool water.
tion of the chloride content is important for the quality control
and also permits comparison between different brands of the Now with easier application:
same product, e. g. tomato products1). Dip test stick with all test fields into the swimming pool water
The SALTESMO reaction is a "micro-titration on paper"2). As and make 5 back-and-forth movements. Shake off excess liq-
such, it is particularly suited for rapid checks on halogen ion uid. Compare to colour scale immediately test field for free
or halide concentrations. Its purpose is to define concentra- chlorine and after 30 seconds test fields for pH and alkalinity.
tion ranges and to detect values which fall short of or exceed The gradation and evaluation of the values for free chlorine,
labelled amounts. alkalinity and pH on the colour scale follow the rules and lim-
Cyanide and thiocyanate also bleach the brown colour. Fluo- iting values valid for the USA.
ride ions do not interfere.
Limit of sensitivity: SALTESMO permits the semi-quantitative
determination of NaCl.
Concentration gradations:
0 – 0,25 – 0,5 – 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 g NaCl/litre
(each package is supplied with a comparison scale).
1) A Schaller, Fruchtsaftindustrie 9 (1964) 147 – 161
2) F.J. Förg und M. Staub, Chem. Rdsch. (Solothurn, Swit-
zerland) 17 (1964) Nr. 19

MN 31