2023 SHOW-ME MORE

Head-Edited by Ganon Evans. Edited by Joy An, Yaj Jhajhria, Michael Menkhus, Joel Miles,
Vedul Palavajjhala, Ben Weiner, and June Yin.
Written by the Editors, Christian Allen, Ethan Ashbrook, Sarah Benner, Andrew Gao, Fred
Garvey, Sky Hong, Neal Joshi, Connor Lee, Yash Mandavia, Reilly Melville, Danny Peelen,
Kylan Powell, Shardul Rao, Cece Shao, Ethan Smith, Vincent Wang, Vik Wei, and Grisha
Zeldovich.

The last tossup of the previous round was on Mozart’s Requiem. If this was not the last tossup,
please contact your tournament director.

SHOW-ME More Packet 2

1. The setup for computers performing this task are represented by the 0x88 (“zero X eighty-eight”)
representation. Shannon’s number provides a lower bound for the complexity of “solving” this task. Alan
Turing developed a program called Turochamp to perform this task. The last seven championships for
programs performing this task have been won by Stockfish, which in 2014, defeated (*) Hikaru Nakamura
despite a handicap. In 1997, IBM’s Deep Blue became the first supercomputer to defeat a world champion in this
activity, grandmaster Garry Kasparov. For 10 points, name this activity, whose final goal is checkmate.
ANSWER: playing chess [accept equivalents like winning a game of chess]
<YJ, Other Academic> [ed. MM]

1. The Soviet linguist Yuri Knorozov listed his cat Asya as the co-author of a paper in which he determined that this
civilization’s writing system was phonetic. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name this civilization centered around the Yucatán peninsula whose “long count” calendar had a b’ak’tun end
in 2012.
ANSWER: Mayan civilization [accept the Maya or Mayans]
[10m] Mayan glyphs are blocks corresponding to a word or phrase, similar to Sejong the Great’s alphabet for this
language which uses strokes that resemble mouth shapes. This language’s Middle form was spoken by the Silla
kingdom.
ANSWER: Korean [or hangugeo or chosŏnmal; accept Middle Korean; prompt on Hangul with “What language
is that alphabet for?”]
[10h] Knorozov’s usage of Diego de Landa’s codices to decipher Mayan symbols has been compared to this
Frenchman’s usage of Greek on the Rosetta Stone to translate hieroglyphs and create the field of Egyptology.
ANSWER: Jean-François Champollion [or Champollion le jeune]
<GE, Misc. History> [Ed. GE]

2. This programming language’s standard library includes the module antigravity, which is a reference to
an xkcd (“X-K-C-D”) comic. In this language, calling a function with an “at” symbol converts it to a decorator.
This interpreted language has only one integer type that can be arbitrarily large. Libraries for this language
include (*) Matplotlib and pandas, making it popular for scientific computing. It's not Haskell, but this language
uses indentation instead of braces to separate blocks of code, and it prioritizes readability in its design philosophy.
For 10 points, name this language that’s actually named for a British comedy group instead of a snake.
ANSWER: Python
<SH, Computer Science> [Ed. JY]
2. A character in this novel can only afford to have one word carved into her baby daughter’s tombstone. For 10
points each:
[10m] Name this novel in which Sethe lives at 124 Bluestone Road after escaping the Sweet Home plantation.
ANSWER: Beloved
[10e] Beloved was written by this American Nobel Laureate, who also wrote Song of Solomon.
ANSWER: Toni Morrison
[10h] This character from Beloved seals memories of his time in a Georgia chain gang in the rusted “tobacco tin” of
his heart.
ANSWER: Paul D [prompt on Paul]
<NJ, Long Fiction> [Ed. JM]

3. A poem by this author was translated in an American style by Allen Ginsberg, who concluded every verse
of that poem with the word “kerplunk.” In a work titled for “Weather-Beaten Bones,” this author pioneered a
style he later used to analogize his thatched hut to a doll’s house. This author, who referred to himself as
“Green Peach” in honor of Lǐ Bái, later renamed himself after a banana tree. This author used the (*) haibun
form in his travelog The Narrow Road to the Deep North. “Cutting words” and seasonal references appear in
thousands of poems by this author, such as one describing the sound of a frog jumping into a pond. For 10 points,
name this Japanese master of haiku poetry.
ANSWER: Matsuo Bashō [accept either underlined portion; or Matsuo Kinsaku or Matsuo Chūemon Munefusa]
<GE, Mixed/Other Literature> [Ed. JM]

3. This process typically begins with the removal of varnish from a painting. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name this process, which is often carried out by conservators. This action can involve surface cleaning,
consolidating loose paint, or repairing damage caused by vandalism.
ANSWER: restoration of paintings [accept word forms of restoring art; prompt on descriptions like conserving
paintings or repairing art or fixing art]
[10h] Daniel Goldreyer controversially tried to use a paint roller to restore a Barnett Newman painting in this
subgenre of abstract expressionist art. A series of black paintings by Mark Rothko are displayed in a Houston chapel
dedicated to this subgenre.
ANSWER: color field painting
[10m] This country’s conservator shortage has resulted in a series of disastrous amateur restorations. A 2012
restoration of a fresco located in a church in this country made Jesus resemble a monkey.
ANSWER: Spain [or Kingdom of Spain or España or Reino de España]
<SB, Visual Fine Arts> [Ed. JM]

4. Models of these locations are paraded in the Caribbean Hosay celebration. In the US, Asra Nomani has
campaigned for the end of gender-segregated spaces in these locations. Older examples of these locations are
centered around courtyards called sahn, which often have fountains for performing wudu. During Jumu’ah
(“JOOM-wuh”), people gather in these locations to hear a (*) khutba delivered from a minbar. These locations are
often devoid of furniture but have spaces for rugs and calligraphy decorations. The mihrab in the qibla (“KEEB-luh”)
wall in these locations indicates the direction of the Kaaba for prayer. Minarets appear outside of, for 10 points, what
Islamic places of worship?
ANSWER: mosques [or masjids]
<GE, Religion> [Ed. VP]
4. The parasite Henneguya zschokkei, which affects salmon, is the only known multicellular organism to lack the
genome for these organelles. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name these structures which contain matrilineal DNA. The unique DNA of plastids and these organelles is
evidence for the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotes.
ANSWER: mitochondria [or mitochondrion]
[10e] Since it has no mitochondria, H. zschokkei’s metabolism relies on the “anaerobic” form of this process. The
“aerobic” form of this process counteracts photosynthesis by converting glucose and oxygen into water and CO2
(“C-O-2”).
ANSWER: cellular respiration [accept aerobic respiration or anaerobic respiration]
[10h] H. zschokkei may have evolved from a transmissible cancer on animals in this phylum. Animals in this
phylum are defined by namesake explosive cells that contain tubule-firing nematocysts.
ANSWER: cnidarians [prompt on cnidocytes by asking “which phylum has those cells?”]
<SB, Biology> [Ed. JY]

5. In this modern-day state, the Welsh Tract was settled after James Logan’s runners swindled Natives out of
their land in the Walking Purchase. Black nurses were employed during a 1793 epidemic in this state due to
Benjamin Rush’s false belief they were immune to yellow fever. This state’s southern border was surveyed by
Charles Mason and Jeremiah (*) Dixon. The first US Postmaster General was a printer who worked in this state
and published Poor Richard’s Almanac. This state was founded as a “Holy Experiment” by Quakers. For 10 points,
name this state home to the print shop of Benjamin Franklin and whose Independence Hall houses the Liberty Bell.
ANSWER: Pennsylvania [or PA; or the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania]
<GE, American History> [Ed. GE]

5. This man named his children Andromache and Agamemnon and read a hundred lines from the Iliad at their
baptisms. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this archeologist whose obsession with the Iliad led him to name a treasure he found at Hisarlik the
“Treasure of Priam.”
ANSWER: Heinrich Schliemann
[10e] Schliemann believed Hisarlik to be the site of this ancient Turkish city, the site of the war depicted in the Iliad.
ANSWER: Troy [accept Trojan War]
[10m] Despite it predating the proposed time of the Trojan War, Schliemann named a funerary mask found at this
site for Agamemnon, one of its mythical kings. This site used Linear B tablets.
ANSWER: Mycenae
<VP, Social Science> [Ed. VP]

6. This good was popularized after a ban on a similar good called madak. This good was imported through
the Lintin system and distributed by boats called “fast crabs” and “scrambling dragons.” An apology to the
sea gods was written after this good was dumped near Hǔmén by Lín Zéxú. This good was at the center of a
series of conflicts that began the “century of humiliation” and resulted in the (*) Unequal Treaties. In 1856, a
cargo ship called the Arrow was seized for possibly carrying free samples of this good bound for its namesake
“dens.” For 10 points, the British launched a series of imperialist wars against Qīng China over the trade of what
addictive drug made from poppies?
ANSWER: opium [accept the Opium Wars; prompt on poppies or poppy tears before end]
<GE, Misc. History> [Ed. YJ]
6. An illiterate Montenegrin peasant named Avdo Međedović ("med-jed-oh-vitch”) earned a reputation as the
“Yugoslav Homer” by accompanying himself on the gusle while performing these works. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name these long narrative poems, examples of which include one titled for Gilgamesh.
ANSWER: epic poems [accept national epics; accept the Epic of Gilgamesh]
[10h] Several lines in the Oxford manuscript of this epic poem end in the letters “AOI,” which likely indicate
important moments in musical performances. In this poem, Thierry defeats Pinabel in a trial by combat.
ANSWER: The Song of Roland [or La Chanson de Roland]
[10m] The musical nature of this epic poem is debated, but it may have been performed by harp-playing bards
known as scops. While being accompanied by Wiglaf, the title hero of this poem is killed by a dragon.
ANSWER: Beowulf
<JM, Mixed/Other Literature> [Ed.]

7. A series of recording sessions led by Ralph Peer in this region kickstarted the career of a musician known
as the “Blue Yodeler.” A singer whose stage name combined “Ernie Ford” with a state in this region produced
a hit recording of Merle Travis’s song “Sixteen Tons.” While leading its namesake “Boys,” Bill Monroe and
Earl Scruggs pioneered a genre from this region. The film (*) Coal Miner’s Daughter details the early career of
Loretta Lynn in this region. Fiddlin’ John Carson produced music in a style from this region that often features
dulcimers and banjos. For 10 points, bluegrass music developed in what mountainous region centered on West
Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee?
ANSWER: Appalachia [or the Appalachian Mountains; accept Virginia or Kentucky or Tennessee or Tennessee
Ernie Ford before mention; prompt on America or the United States of America or the Southeast or the East Coast or
the Eastern United States; prompt on Coal Country before “Coal Miner’s Daughter”] (The “Blue Yodeler” is one of
the many nicknames of Jimmie Rodgers.)
<CA, Auditory Fine Arts> [Ed. JM]

7. This river’s namesake is said to have called it “Disappointment River” because it did not lead to the Pacific
Ocean. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this longest river in Canada, which flows northwest from Great Slave Lake to the Arctic Ocean.
ANSWER: Mackenzie River [or Deh-Cho or Kuukpak or Fleuve Mackenzie]
[10m] The Mackenzie is located entirely within this territory, which is more populous than both of the territories of
Nunavut and Yukon.
ANSWER: Northwest Territories [or les Territoires du Nord-Ouest; prompt on NWT]
[10e] Yellowknife, the capital of the Northwest Territories, was almost completely evacuated in 2023 due to one of
these events. Many of these events in Canada resulted in poor air quality across the US in the summer of 2023.
ANSWER: wildfires [or forest fires; accept reasonable equivalents; prompt on fires]
<RM, Geography> [ed. MM]

8. At the end of this story, the narrator throws a key out a window, where it lands under a plantain leaf. The
narrator of this story notices “an interminable string of toadstools” where she had earlier imagined a figure
with a broken neck and bulbous eyes. In this story, the protagonist hurts her teeth while trying to bite off part
of a bed that is nailed to the floor. This story’s protagonist is (*) prescribed rest by her physician husband John,
leading her to see a woman in the patterns of a hideous decoration. For 10 points, name this short story by Charlotte
Perkins Gillman in which a woman goes insane thanks to the namesake sulfur-colored decoration.
ANSWER: “The Yellow Wallpaper”
<SB, Mixed/Other Literature> [Ed. JM]
8. Description acceptable. Many memes about this event featured discussion of the mid-day outfit switch necessary
to properly partake in it. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name or describe this July 21st, 2023 event, in which two very different films were released on the same day.
Tom Cruise tweeted that “it doesn’t get more explosive (or more pink) than [this event].”
ANSWER: Barbenheimer [or Oppenbarbie or Barbieheimer or Boppenheimer; accept any description of the
films Barbie and Oppenheimer releasing on the same day]
[10m] Barbie actress Margot Robbie and this director of Barbie supported Barbenheimer by posting a picture with
tickets to Oppenheimer. This director also starred as Babette in Noah Baumbach’s 2022 adaptation of White Noise.
ANSWER: Greta Gerwig
[10h] Issa Rae, who plays a Barbie with this profession in the film, was adamant that viewers partaking in the
double feature should see Oppenheimer first and then Barbie.
ANSWER: President of Barbieland
<JA, Pop Culture> [Ed. BW]

9. One structure in this organ usually undergoes atresia and is composed largely of granulosa cells. A
secretion by this organ occurs during an LH surge and may be felt as a slight pinch. Weight gain and excess
body hair can result from increased androgen levels in this organ’s “polycystic syndrome,” and sudden (*)
abdominal pain can result from large cysts bursting in this organ. At birth, about one million arrested gametes are
present in this organ, which are released from its follicle during ovulation. This organ is connected to the uterus by
the fallopian tube. For 10 points, name this female sex organ that releases egg cells.
ANSWER: ovary [or ovaries; accept ovarian cysts or polycystic ovary syndrome]
<JY, Biology> [Ed. JY]

9. Aldehydes with no alpha hydrogens undergo this process in the Cannizzaro reaction to produce a carboxylic acid
and an alcohol. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this type of reaction, which occurs when one species undergoes both oxidation and reduction to form
two different products.
ANSWER: disproportionation [or dismutation or word forms of either; prompt on redox or reduction-oxidation]
[10e] A disproportionation reaction occurs when hydrogen peroxide decomposes into oxygen gas and this molecule,
whose liquid form is often called the “universal solvent.”
ANSWER: water vapor [or H2O (“H-2-O”)]
[10m] The Cannizzaro reaction takes place under this condition. Svante Arrhenius defined this type of solution as
having an excess concentration of hydroxide ions.
ANSWER: basic conditions [or base]
<NJ, Chemistry> [Ed. JY]

10. One of these creatures titles Marie de France’s lai “Bisclavret.” A belief in how to kill these creatures
dates to Jean Chastel’s method of killing the Beast of Gévaudan. Juice from purple aconite flowers were
dripped on arrows to hunt these creatures, leading to its nickname as a (*) “bane.” A term for these creatures
originates from a Spartan king who was punished by Zeus for eating his own son. These creatures could be spotted
from curved fingernails or cutting the flesh to reveal fur. These sufferers of lycanthropy could be hunted using silver
bullets. For 10 points, name these creatures who transform from human to canine under a full moon.
ANSWER: werewolf [accept lycanthropes or lycans until “lycanthropy”; prompt on wolf or wolfsbane]
<GE, Mythology> [Ed. VP]
10. The owner of one of these places, Texas Guinan, greeted her customers by saying, “Hello, Sucker!” For 10
points each:
[10h] Name these places, whose entrances were often obstructed by things such as bookshelves or telephone booths.
These places were also known as blind pigs or blind tigers.
ANSWER: speakeasies [or speakeasy; prompt on bars or clubs]
[10e] Speakeasies began to be established during this period following the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment,
during which alcohol was banned in the United States.
ANSWER: Prohibition
[10m] Many female speakeasy visitors were from this 1920s subculture, whose members wore short skirts, drove
cars, and smoked, pushing back against the traditional gender roles of the time.
ANSWER: flappers
<RM, American History> [Ed. YJ]

11. In one work by this playwright, substitutes review a scene comparing the hours of the night to
philosophers after the original cast gets food poisoning. A character created by this author chooses not to go
to Agriculture School because he’s found “a person [he’s] very fond of.” Sabina breaks character numerous
times while serving the (*) Antrobus family in a play by this author that begins during an ice age. A character
created by this author asks to relive her 12th birthday and is earlier married to George Webb by the Stage Manager.
For 10 points, name this author of The Skin of Our Teeth and Our Town.
ANSWER: Thornton Wilder
<NJ, Drama> [Ed. JA]

11. This daimyo laid siege to Takamatsu Castle by diverting a nearby river. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this retainer of Oda Nobunaga, who rose to prominence after Nobunaga was forced to commit seppuku
in the Honnō-ji incident. The unification of Japan was completed under this daimyo.
ANSWER: Toyotomi Hideyoshi [or Toyotomi Hideyoshi]
[10h] In an earlier military river diversion incident, troops under this Chinese dynasty redirected the Yellow River to
stop an advancing Jurchen army during its war against the Jīn dynasty.
ANSWER: Sòng dynasty [or Sòngcháo]
[10e] The Sòng dynasty was succeeded by the Yuán dynasty, which was established by this empire. This empire’s
founder Genghis Khan legendarily destroyed the capital of Khwarezmia by destroying the Gurganj dam.
ANSWER: Mongol Empire [or Mongols]
<SB, World History> [Ed. YJ]

12. One of these people, a mistress named Esterka, is rumored to have convinced Casimir the Great to enact
policies defending cemeteries. Thomas of Monmouth sparked the first panic against these people in England
after the death of William of Norwich. One story describes a clay guardian that would protect these people in
Prague against charges of child sacrifice that were called (*) blood libel. Thousands of these people migrated to
Poland to escape blame for poisoning wells during the Black Death. The term “ghetto” originates from the district
where these people were forced to live in Venice. For 10 points, European pogroms targeted what religious group
whose Ashkenazi population speak Yiddish?
ANSWER: Jews [accept Jewish people or Yehudim; accept Sephardic Jews or Romaniote Jews or Mizrahi Jews;
accept Ashkenazi Jews or Askhenazic Jewis or Ashkenazim until read]
<GE, European History> [Ed. YJ]
12. An Akseli Gallen-Kallela painting of this figure’s mother depicts her raking his body out of a river. For 10 points
each:
[10h] Name this man who dies trying to kill the Swan of Tuonela (“TOO-oh-nay-lah”). This man’s mother realizes
he is dead after seeing a bleeding comb.
ANSWER: Lemminkäinen (“LEM-in-kye-nen”) [or Lemminki]
[10e] After Lemminkäinen drowns while trying to kill the Swan of Tuonela, his mother tells one of these insects to
go retrieve honey from Ukko’s halls to resurrect him.
ANSWER: bees [accept bumblebees]
[10m] Elias Lönnrot (“EL-ee-as LOON-rot”) collected the story of Lemminkäinen in this national epic of Finland.
ANSWER: Kalevala (“KAH-leh-VAH-lah”)
<VP, Mythology> [Ed. VP]

13. Two answers required. These philosophical concepts can also describe directions relative to a hill, as seen
in various place names. These concepts emerged from a state translated as "limitless" and collectively form
the "Great Ultimate." These abstract concepts underlie a set of five elements including wood and metal.
These concepts name respective forms of (*) qì that must be maintained equally in the body. These concepts are
depicted on the Tàijítú, a diagram containing two dots. One of these concepts represents masculinity and light while
the other represents femininity and darkness. For 10 points, name these two opposing concepts in East Asian
philosophy.
ANSWER: yin AND yang [or yin-yang; accept answers in either order; prompt on partial answers]
<JY, Philosophy> [Ed. VP]

13. These mathematical structures can come in “directed” and “undirected” variants. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name these structures. These structures can be called a “tree” if any two of their vertices have only one
uniquely connecting path.
ANSWER: graphs
[10e] One problem in graph theory is testing whether a graph can be embedded in one of these constructs. These
constructs are flat, two-dimensional surfaces.
ANSWER: Euclidean plane [accept planar graph or planarity testing]
[10h] This property is equal to 0 for all planar graphs. Toruses have a value of 1 for this property, which can be
thought of as the number of holes in a surface.
ANSWER: genus
<SH, Math> [Ed. JA]

14. This architect placed concrete columns that flank a tapestry of the Pointe du Hoc promontory in his
Eisenhower Memorial. This architect and Vlado Milunić designed a rock tower and a glass tower for
Prague’s Dancing House. A smashed guitar inspired this architect’s design for Seattle’s Museum of Pop
Culture. The Founders Room was sanded after its (*) reflectivity overheated sidewalks in a building designed by
this architect. This architect pioneered digital design with his style of twisting metal sheets that grace a Spanish art
museum. The Walt Disney Concert Hall was designed by, for 10 points, what architect who created the Guggenheim
Bilbao?
ANSWER: Frank Gehry [or Frank Owen Gehry]
<AG, Visual Fine Arts> [Ed. JM]
14. Answer the following about the complex life of Alban Berg, for 10 points each.
[10m] Berg may have used a series of musical ciphers to depict an affair in a “Lyric” work of this type. These
broadly multi-movement works include Gustav Holst’s The Planets.
ANSWER: suites
[10h] Berg dedicated his Violin Concerto to “the memory of an angel” after the death of this woman’s daughter. This
woman married Walter Gropius after the death of a composer who failed to avoid the “curse of the ninth” with his
Das Lied von der Erde.
ANSWER: Alma Mahler-Werfel [or Alma Gropius; or Alma Margaretha Maria Schindler; prompt on Mahler]
[10e] Berg interrupted his orchestration of one of these works called Lulu to write his Violin Concerto. These
narrative musical works may use leitmotifs to represent different characters and include many arias.
ANSWER: operas
<JA, Auditory Fine Arts> [Ed.]

15. This element partly names a class of polymer used in stain-resistant coatings and firefighting foam that
does not break down naturally, leading to their nickname of “forever chemicals.” This element and carbon
comprise a polymer with the lowest known coefficient of friction, which is used in nonstick cookware and is
called (*) Teflon. This is the lighter of two elements bound to carbon in Freon and other refrigerants of a class
known by a three-letter name that degrades the ozone layer. The anion of this element hardens enamel and is added
to drinking water and toothpaste. For 10 points, name this lightest halogen whose atomic symbol is F.
ANSWER: fluorine [accept F before mention; accept fluoride; prompt on polyfluoroalkyl substances or PFAS]
(The polymers are PFAS, the refrigerants are CFCs)
<JY, Chemistry>

15. Answer the following about cathedrals in Latin American literature, for 10 points each.
[10h] Santiago Zavala and Ambrosio have the title conversation at a bar called the Cathedral in a novel by this
author. Marito feels lonely while working at the radio station Panamericana in another novel by this author.
ANSWER: Mario Vargas Llosa [prompt on Vargas or Llosa alone] (The unnamed novel is Aunt Julia and the
Scriptwriter.)
[10e] Alejo Carpentier wrote about three Creole orphans in his novel Explosion in a Cathedral, which is set in the
wake of this event. Sydney Carton is guillotined at the end of A Tale of Two Cities, which is set during this event.
ANSWER: French Revolution [or Révolution française; accept Reign of Terror or La grande terreur]
[10m] Carpentier’s Explosion in a Cathedral is often considered to be an early novel in this genre. Mario Vargas
Llosa used elements of this predominantly Latin American writing style in Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter.
ANSWER: magical realism [or realismo mágico; reject “realism” alone]
<AG, Long Fiction> [Ed. JM]

16. A character with this name is caught accepting bribes as a civil servant at the Scholarship Board after
funding an abortion for an osu named Clara. Another character with this name describes himself as a
“drunken giant walking with the limbs of a mosquito” and drinks only palm wine for two days. In the novel
(*) No Longer at Ease, Obi has this last name. After a man with this name decapitates a kotma, he realizes that
Umuofia will not go to war. A man with this name hates his “lazy” and “feminine” father, so he assists in killing his
adopted son, Ikemefuna. For 10 points, give the name of the protagonist of Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart.
ANSWER: Okonkwo [prompt on Obi before mention by asking “what is his last name?”]
<SB, Long Fiction> [Ed. JM]
16. In one poem, this concept is described as a “beautiful spark of Divinity” and the “daughter of Elysium.” For 10
points each:
[10e] What concept titles an “Ode” by Friedrich Schiller that was set to music in the last movement of Beethoven’s
Ninth Symphony?
ANSWER: joy [accept “Ode to Joy”]
[10m] Friedrich Schiller was close compatriots with this other German poet and collaborated with him on the
collection Xenien. This author also created a character who is buried under two linden trees after shooting himself
with Albert’s pistols.
ANSWER: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (“gerr-tuh”)
[10h] Goethe and Schiller were early proponents of this German artistic movement named for a Friedrich Klinger
play. Works from this movement often depict extreme actions driven by love, anguish, and other strong emotions.
ANSWER: Sturm und Drang [accept Storm and Stress]
<VP, Poetry> [Ed. JA]

17. In this game, the achievement “Transmission Received” is unlocked by finding hidden radios that play an
upbeat version of the song “Still Alive.” Throughout this game and its sequel players can find deranged
paintings and messages in “dens” belonging to the Rat-Man. In this game, the first to be set at the (*) Aperture
Science Enrichment Center, the protagonist Chell (“shell”) is forced to incinerate a Companion Cube and is
repeatedly told that “The Cake is a lie”. GLaDOS is the main villain of, for 10 points, what Valve game in which
players solve puzzles by using the title blue and orange gateways to teleport?
ANSWER: Portal [reject “Portal 2”]
<CL, Pop Culture> [Ed. BW]

17. bell hooks critiques the emulation of Whiteness in these spaces in the movie Paris is Burning. For 10 points
each:
[10h] Name these events, which emerged in opposition to mainstream pageant circuits as safe spaces for the Black
and Latino queer community.
ANSWER: drag balls [accept ballroom scene; accept ballroom culture; prompt on balls; reject “drag shows”]
[10m] Ballroom culture often includes competition in this genre of stylized dance. This dance style was inspired by
ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics and models in a namesake fashion magazine.
ANSWER: vogue [or voguing]
[10e] Voguing is characterized by moving from one of these static positions to another. A documentary detailing the
lives of queer dancers on Madonna’s 1990 Blond Ambition tour is titled “Strike a [one of these positions].”
ANSWER: poses [accept Strike a Pose]
<VWe, Other Fine Arts> [ed. MM]

18. Protestors in this country conducted an “eggupation” at an ovate building in its capital. That series of
speeches occurred during this country’s 17 October Revolution, partially sparked by a so-called “WhatsApp
tax.” Christians and Muslims were given equal representation in Parliament under this country’s (*) Taif
Agreement. A disaster in this country was caused by the unsafe storage of cargo aboard the MV Rhosus. Prime
Minister Hassan Diab resigned following an ammonium nitrate explosion that devastated this country’s capital in
August 2020. For 10 points, name this country governed from Beirut.
ANSWER: Lebanon [or Lebanese Republic or Al Jumhuriyah al Lubnaniyah or Lubnan]
<YJ, Current Events> [ed. MM]
18. Answer the following about influential women in Christine de Pizan’s 1405 Book of the City of Ladies, for 10
points each.
[10e] A notable figure is Theodora, an unlikely empress of this empire who married Justinian I. This empire was
considered the Eastern Roman Empire.
ANSWER: Byzantine Empire [or the Byzantines; accept Byzantium]
[10m] Another appearance is Valentina Visconti, a duchess of this city who feuded with the Queen of France for
decades. Because she helped lift a siege, Joan of Arc is nicknamed the “Maid” of this city.
ANSWER: Orléans [accept the Maid of Orléans]
[10h] A woman with this name, whose sexual assault resulted in the end of Roman kings, is presented as an example
of virtue. A noblewoman with this first name may have used poison to murder several of her husbands with the help
of her brother Cesare (“cheh-zar-ay”).
ANSWER: Lucretia [accept Lucrezia or Lucrezia Borgia]
<GE, European History> [Ed. GE]

19. A paramilitary force called the Corncob backed this country’s Federalist faction against the Unitarians. A
caudillo of this country titles the novel Facundo, which was written by this country’s second President,
Domingo Faustino Sarmiento. In the late 1800s, this country’s capital was nicknamed the “Paris of South
America” and accepted 2 million (*) Italian immigrants. Along with its western neighbor, this country’s southern
expansion conflicted with the Mapuche people. This was the first country that José de San Martín liberated out of
the then-Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. For 10 points, name this South American country governed from Buenos
Aires.
ANSWER: Argentina [accept the Argentine Confederation; prompt on answers containing Río de la Plata before
mention]
<GE, World History> [Ed. YJ]

19. Pope Pius IX solidified the doctrine of this woman’s Immaculate Conception in the bull Ineffabilis Deus. For 10
points each:
[10e] Name this woman, who gave birth to the son of god, Jesus Christ, as a virgin.
ANSWER: Virgin Mary [reject “Mary Magdalene”]
[10m] The doctrine of Immaculate Conception claims that Mary was born without this taintedness, which originates
from Adam and Eve’s disobedience of God. It can be cleansed in a baptism.
ANSWER: original sin [prompt on sin]
[10h] In Ineffabilis Deus, Pius supported the doctrine of Immaculate Conception by borrowing an argument from
Duns Scotus, a thinker from this medieval school of philosophy. The “father of” this school introduced an argument
for the existence of God in his Proslogian.
ANSWER: scholasticism [or scholastic movement or scholastic philosophy or scholastic school; prompt on
Scotism by asking “What larger philosophical tradition was that thinker a part of?”]
<VP, Religion> [Ed. VP]

20. An acrobot brings one type of these systems from one equilibrium point to another. A special type of these
systems will flip over if the value “3 times cosine of theta-1 plus cosine of theta-2” is greater than 2. A
harmonograph uses these physical systems to draw Lissajous curves. Two of these systems connected
end-to-end exhibit (*) chaotic behavior. The small-angle approximation allows these systems to be modeled as
simple harmonic oscillators. One of these systems with a length just under 1 meter will have a period of 2 seconds,
which is how grandfather clocks keep time. For 10 points, name these systems consisting of a bob on a string.
ANSWER: pendulums [or pendula; accept double pendulums or double pendula; prompt on simple harmonic
oscillators before mention]
<SB, Physics> [Ed. JY]
20. Dust storms caused by these clouds are called haboobs. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name these dense, convective clouds that may develop into supercells. Vertical updrafts cause these clouds to
grow very tall.
ANSWER: cumulonimbus [or cumulonimbi; prompt on thundercloud or storm cell; reject “cumulus” or “nimbus”
or “nimbostratus”]
[10e] Cumulonimbus clouds can produce these electrostatic discharges, which may occur between clouds and the
ground. They are often accompanied by a loud boom.
ANSWER: lightning [reject “thunder”]
[10h] Cumulonimbus clouds form flat, anvil-shaped tops as they cross this boundary. Temperature starts to increase
with altitude above this boundary as a result of ozone photolysis.
ANSWER: tropopause [reject “troposphere”]
<SH, Earth Science> [Ed. JY]