Chapter 3

1. Actual destruction of micro-organisms in the root canal is

attributed mainly to:
a. Proper antibiotic thereby.
b. Effective use of medicament.
c. Mechanical preparation and irrigation of the canal. ***
d. None of the above.

2. A tooth very painful to percussion, doesn’t respond to heat, cold

or the electric pulp tester. The most probable diagnosis is:
a. Reversible pulpitis.
b. Irreversible pulpitis.
c. Acute apical periodontitis. ***

3. RCT contraindicated in:

a. Vertical fracture of root. ***
b. Diabetic Pt.
c. Unrestored teeth.
d. Periodontally involved teeth.

4. Gutta percha contain mainly:

1
a. Gutta percha 20%.
b. ZINC oxide 75%. ***
c. ZINC phosphate.
.

5. Single rooted anterior teeth has endodontic treatment is best

treated by:
a. Casted post and core. ***
b. Performed post and composite.
c. Performed post and amalgam.
d. Composite post and core

6. For root canal treated tooth u choose to put post & amalgam this
depend on
remaining coronal structure ***
root divergence-
presence of wide root-
others

7. Which of the following endodontic failure may be retreated only

with surgery:
a. Missed major canal.
b. Persistent interappointment pain.
c. Past and core. ***
d. Short canal filling.

2
8. Which of the following failure may be treated nonsurgically:
a. Post filling that has removed. ***
b. Severe apical perforation.
c. Very narrow canal with a periapical lesion and the apex
can not be reached.
d. None of the above.

9. Amount of G.P should after post preparation:

a. 1 mm.
b. 4-5 mm.
c. 10 mm.
d. None of the above.

10. Post retention depends on:

a. Post length.
b. Post diameter.
c. Post texture.
d. Core shape.
e. Design of the preparation.
f. A and b
g. A, b and c.
h. All of the above.

3
11. The PH of the calcium hydroxide is:
a. 7.2
b. 12 ***
c. 19
d. 5.5
promotes a destructive effect on cell membranes and protein
structure
Dycal (pH of 11) and Pulpdent (pH 12)

12. Hyperemia of the pulp result in :

a. Trauma of occlusion.
b. Pain of short duration.
c. Radiographic changes.
d. All of above.

13. Tooth had trauma resulted in hyperemia:

a) pain increased with cold
b) reverible condition
c)pain of short duration
d) B and c
e) all

In maxillary 1st molar 4th canal is found in:

4
a. MB canal. ***
b. DB canal.
c. Palatal root.

14. The irrigation solution is good because:

a. Lubricate the canals.
b. Flushes the debris and minimizing the No. of micro organism
c. None of the above.
d. All of the above. ***

15. 21years old Pt with pathological exposure in 35. Management:

a. Direct pulp capping.
b. Indirect pulp capping.
c. Root canal treatment. ***

16. During instrumentation, sudden disappear of root canal due to:

a. Bifurcation of main canal. ***
b. Apical perforation.
c. Calcification.

17. Incombined endo-perio problem:

a. Start with endodontic IX. ***
b. Start with periodontic IX.

5
18. AH26 is root canal sealer consist of:
a. ZOE.
b. Epoxy resin. ***

19. Buccal
object role in dental treatment of maxillary teeth:
a. MB root appear distal to P if cone is directed M to D.
b. DB root appear mesial to P if cone is directed M to D.***

we are talking about the position of the MB, or DB root in

relation to the P root if the cone will be directed from M to
D(both options) so , according to the BUCCAL OBJECT RULE
it says Same Lingual Opposite Buccal (SLOB), i think that MB
and DB root is NATURALY on the buccal aspect to the Palatal
root, so IT SHOULD , an MUST MOVE TO THE OPPOSIT
DIRECTION OF THE CONE , because we know that they are
on the buccal of P root , the question stated that the cone
direction is from M to D in RELATION TO PALATAL ROOT,
so the MB and DB roots should move and look in the mesial
aspect of the palatal because again WE KNOW that it is
BUCCAL to P root i think option b(B) is the correct one

20. 20years old male PT came with severe pain on chewing

related to lower molars. Intraoral examination reveals no
caries, good oral hygiene, no change in radiograph. PT give
history of bridge cementation 3 days ago. Diagnosis:
a. Pulp necrosis.

6
 b. Acute apical periodontitis. ***
c. Chronic apical abscess.
d. None of the above.

21. Byaging, pulp tissue will:

a. Decrease in collagen fibers.
b. Increase cellularity and vascularity.
c. Decrease in size. ***

22. Diagnosis prior to RCT should always be based on:

a. Good medical and dental history.
b. Proper clinical examination.
c. Result of pulp vitality test.
d. A periapical radiographs.
e. All of the above. ***

23. Which of the following may be used to disinfect gutta percha

points
a. Boiling.
b. Autoclave.
c. Chemical solutions. ***
d. Dry heat sterilization.

24. to disinfect gutta percha points use:

a- H2O2
b- 5.2% NaOCL
c- CHX

7
 d- All of the above

25. Which one of the following is a disadvantage of autoclaving

endo instruments:
a. It can dull the sharp edges of instruments-cause corrosion- clean
should done before.
b. All forms of bacteria are not destroyed by it.
c. Compared to other technique it takes too long to sterilize.
None of the above.
.

26. The radiographic criteria used for evaluating the successes of

endodontic therapy
a. Reduction of the size of the periapical lesion. ***
b. No response to percussion and palpation test.
c. Extension of the sealer cement through lateral canals.
d. None of the above.

27. If the maxillary first molar is found to have four, the fourth
canal is likely found:
a. In the disto-buccal root.
b. In the mesio-buccal root. ***
c. In the palatal root.
d. None of the above.

8
28. What is the basis for current endodontic therapy of a periapical
lesion:
a. Due to rich collateral circulation system, the perpical area
usually heals despite the condition of the root canal.
b. If the source of periapical irritation is removed, the potential for
periapical healing is good. ***
c. Strong intracanal medications are required to sterilized the canal
and periapical area to promote healing.
Periapical lesions, especially apical cyst, must be treated by
surgical intervention.

29. Bacteria in endodontic pathosis mostly is:

a. Porphyromonas endodontalis obligate anaerobic: ***
b. Streptococcus mutans.
c. Streptococcus anaerobic.

30. Bacteriain root canal:

a) mixed****
b) anaerobes obligatory
c) aerobes only

31. Bacteria in root canal pathosis:

a. Mixed anaerobe and aerobe. ***
b. Single obligate anaerobe.

9
 c. Aerobic.
d. None of the above.
When intact teeth with necrotic pulps were cultured, over 90%
of the bacteria were strict anaerobes. Because bacteria isolated
from root canals are usually a subgroup of the bacteria
found in the sulcus or periodontal pockets, it is believed that the
sulcus is the source of bacteria in root canal infections.

32. Dentin permeability

1- decreases with the increase of cavity preparation.
2- Increase when sclerotic dentin develops under a carious
lesion.
3- Increase with smear layer.
4- Bacterial toxins can pass through before the actual
penetration of bacteria. ***

33. Reparativedentine:
a. Same like secondary dentine.
b. Happen as site if irritation. ***

34. Reparative dentine:

nd
a. 2 dentine.
b. Formed as dentine Bridge above the pulp. ***
c. Highly tubular dentine and it is detective from 1st dentine.
d. Sclerosing dentine with less permeability.

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35. Physiologicalreaction of edema on vital pulp:
a. Decrease tissue fluid by decompression of blood vessel.
b. Increase blood preasure. ***
c. Necrosis of pulp due to hyperoxia and anaryxia

36. Microabscess on vital pulp: start necrosis of small part and

sequela of destruction cycle and full repair:
a. True.
b. False. ***

37. Cementum contain cell like bone. It is yellow in color in vital,

extracted or avulsed tooth. But in non vital tooth, its color is
dark:
a. True. ***
b. False.

38. Dentinecomposition:
a. 60-65 inorganic by wgt . (70% inorganic by volume). ***
b. 25% water by wgt. (13% water by volume).
c. 43% organic by wgt. (20% organic by volume).

11
39. Barbed broach in endodontic is used for pulp examination in
straight canals:
a. True. ***
b. False.

40. Emergency endodontic should not be started before:

a. Establishing the pain.
b. Check restorability of the tooth.
c. Establishing the diagnosis. ***

41. Pulpchamber in lower 1st molar is mesially located:

a. True. ***
b. False.

42. Radiopacity at the apex of a tooth with deep carious lesion

related to lateral surface of root
a. Condensing osteitis (a focal sclerosing osteomyelitis). ***
b. Cemental dysplasia.
c. Perapical granuloma.

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43. Extracanal if present in mandibular incisor will be:
a. Lingual. 45% - upper incisor 60%
b. Distal.

44. Theaccess opening in lower incisor:

a. Round.
b. Oval. ***
c. Triangular.

45. The accesses opening for a maxillary premolar is most

frequently:
a. Oval. ***
b. Square.
c. Triangular.
d. None of the above.

46. The correct access cavity preparation for the mandibular second
molar is:
a. Oval.
b. Quadrilateral.
c. Round.
d. Triangular.

first premolar: ovoid Upper:

second premolar: ovoid central : triangular
first molar: triangle lateral: ovoid
second molar triangle canine: ovoid

13
 Lower:
central: ovoid
lateral ; ovoid
canine: ovoid
first premolar: ovoid
second premolar : ovoid
first molar: trapezoid
second molar: trapezoid

14
47. Acute periapical cyst and acute periodontal cyst are
differentiated by:
a. Vitality test. ***
b. Radiograph.
c. Clinical examination.

48. Acuteperiapical abscess associated with

a. Swelling. ***
b. Widening of PDL.
c. Pus discharge.

49. Themost common cause of endodontic pathosis is bacteria:

a. True. ***
b. False.
Other couses : truma – microleakge

50. Palatalcanal in upper molars is curved:

a. Buccally. ***
b. Palatally.
c. Distally.

15
51. If tooth or root is pushed during surgical extraction into max
sinus:
a. Leave it and inform the Pt.
b. Remove it as soon as possible. ***
c. Follow the Pt for 3 months.
d. None of the above.

52. To obturate the canal the most important step is:

a. Cleaning and shaping of the canal. ***
b. Irrigation of the canal.

53. Themost common endodontic cyst is:

a. Radicular cyst. ***
b. Keratocyst.
c. Acute apical periodontitis.

54. Ptcomplains from severe spontaneous pain related to upper 6. It

respond to vitality test no pain on percussion, diagnosis is:
a. Irreversible pulpitis. ***
b. Reversible pulpitis.
c. Acute apical periodotitis.

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55. Themost important in RCT is seal:
a. Apical 1/3. ***
b. Middle 1/3.
c. Cervical 1/3.

56. Lateralcanal is detected by:

a. Radiograph. ***
b. Tactile sensation.
c. By clinical examination.

57. Disinfection of GP is done by:

a. Autoclave.
b. Dry heat.
c. Naocl

58. Broken instrument during RCT, best prognosis if broken at:

a. Apical 1/3. ***
b. Middle 2/3.
c. Cervical 3/3.

59. Pulpstone:
a. Cause discomfort and pain.
b. Free in pulp chamber. ***
c. None of the above.

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60. Pulp stone can be the following EXCEPT:
a) present freely in the pulp.
b)cause discomfort & pain to the patient. ***
c)In radiographs,Small spheroidal radiopaque.
d)False stone occurs due to dystrophic dentin.

61. Among the reasons that molar teeth are more difficult to treat
endodontically than anterior teeth:
a. Molar have more complex canal configuration.
b. Molar tend to have greater canal curvature.
c. A and b. ***
None of the above

62. The basic difference between K files and reamers is:

a. The number of spirals or flutes per unit length.
b. The geometric cross section. ***
c. The depth of flutes.
d. The direction of the spirals.

63. In case of traumatic intrusion of young permanent incisor, the

treatment of choice is:
a. Surgical repositioning of intruded tooth and splinting.
b. To wait for re eruption of the intruded tooth during months
c. Slow orthodontic extrusion using light force.
d. Only antibiotic prescription and wait for eruption.

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64. Actual destruction of the micro organism in root canal attributed
mainly to:
a. Proper antibiotic therapy.
b. Effective use of medicaments.
c. Natural defenses in healthy person.
d. Mechanical preparation and irrigation of the canal. ***

65. It is recommended to avoid an intraligamental injection when

the planned dental treatment is:
a. Pulp extirpation.
b. Pulpotomy. ***
c. Full crown preparation.
d. A and b.

66. The root canal treated teeth has the best prognosis when the root
canal is instrumented and obturated:
a. To the radiograph apex.
b. 1 mm beyond the radiograph apex.
c. 1-2 mm short of the radiograph apex. ***
d. 3-4 mm short of the radiograph apex.

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67. Pulpal pain may NOT be referred from:
a. The right maxilla to the left maxilla. ***
b. The third molar to the ear.
c. A max molar to the sinus.
d. An incompletely fractured tooth.
e. A max cuspid to ear.

68. Spontaneous pulpal pain is indicative of:

a. Reversible pulpitis.
b. Irreversible pulpitis. ***
c. Neurotic pulp.
d. Hyperplastic pulp.
e. Atrophic pulp.

69. Internal Resorption:

a. Painful.
b. Seldom differentiated external resorption.
c. Can occur in primary teeth. ***

70. Primary teeth had trauma, tooth change in color become white
yellowish ,what should you tell the parents:
a. Pulp is dead
b. Inflammation of pulp.
c. Calcification of dentin.
d. B& c. ***

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[Link] that are discolored as a result of internal resorption of the
pulp may turn:
a. Yellow.
b. Dark brown.
c. Pink. ***
d. Green.

72. Treatment of internal resorption involves:

a. Complete extirpation of the pulp to arrest the resorption process.
***
b. Enlarging the canal apical to the resorbed area for better access.
c. Utilizing a silver cone and sealer to fill the irregularities in the
resorbed area.
d. Filling the canal and defect with amalgam.
e. Sealing sodium hypochlorite in the canal to remove the
inflammatory tissue necrotic in the area of the resorption.

Irrigation with copious amounts of 5 % sodium hypochlorite

may have some effect, but the treatment of choice is to pack the
canal and the resorption lacuna with calcium hydroxide paste.
By the next visit, the calcium hydroxide will have necrotized
any remaining tissue in the lacuna, and the necrotic remnants are
readily removed by irrigation with sodium hypochlorite.

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73. Sensitivity to palpation and percussion indicates:
a. Reversible pulpitis.
b. Irreversible pulpitis.
c. Neurotic pulp.
d. Hyperplastic pulpitis.
e. Inflammation of the periradicular tissues. ***

74. Trauma lead to fracture in the root between middle cervical

and apical third:
a) poor prognosis
b) good prognosis **

:‫صيغة أولى للسؤال‬

75. Tooth with a fracture between the apical and the middle third,
your management
a) RCT for the coronal part only.
b) RCT for both.
c) Splint the two parts together

76. pt presented to u with trauma of the central incisor with open

apex tooth clinical examination revealed cut of blood supply
to the tooth what is the next step:
1-extraction
2-endo
3- observe over time. ***

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 pt came with class IV he had tooth trauma & he brought the
fracture segment & on examination u found that the pulp is
not exposed & only u can see dentine, how u manage:
- to get rid of the fragment & fill with composite.
- to reattach the fragment with composite and latter cover
with veneer. ***

77. Apexification is procedure that:

a. Finds the most apical stop of the gutta percha in RCT.
b. Induce the formation of a mineral barrier in the apical
region of incompletely root. ***
c. Is new in the endodontic field.
d. Involves the surgical removal of the apical region of the
root and placement of a retrograde filling material:

78. The preferred material used in apexification is:

a. Zinc phosphate cement.
b. Zinc polycarboxylate cement.
c. Calcium hydroxide. ***
d. Dycal.

79. what is the time bet. the first onset of HIV virus and the
appearance of acute symptoms :
a)1-5 years.
b)9-11 years. ***
c- No specific time is known.

23
80. What is the estimated incubation period of HIV infection:
a. 4 weeks.
b. 6 months.
c. 3 years.
d. 6 years.
e. 10 years. ***

the absence of antiretroviral therapy, the median time of

progression from infection to AIDS is nine to ten years, and
the median survival time after developing AIDS is only 9.2
months. However, the rate of clinical disease progression varies
widely between individuals, from two weeks up to 20 years.

The normal response of a vital pulp to the thermal testing is:

a. No response.
b. Lingering painful response.
c. Hypersensitive painful response.
d. Painful response that disappears soon after stimulus is
removed. ***

81. The normal response of a inflamed pulp to the thermal testing

is:
a. No response.
b. Lingering painful response.
c. Hypersensitive painful response.
d. Painful response that disappears soon after stimulus is
removed.

24
82. The normal response of a vital pulp to the electric pulp
testing is:
a. No response.
b. Higher than that of the control teeth.
c. Lower than that of the control teeth.
d. In a range similar to that of the control teeth. ***

83. Asymptomatic tooth has a necrotic pulp, a broken lamina

dura, and circumscribed radiolucency of long duration. The
periradicular diagnosis:
a. Acute apical periodontitis.
b. Chronic apical periodontitis. ***
c. Acute exacerbation of chronic apical periodontitis.
d. Abscess.

84. A Pt with severe periradicular pain has a necrotic pulp, a

broken lamina dura, and circumscribed radiolucency of long
duration. The periradicular diagnosis:
a. Acute apical periodontitis.
b. Chronic apical periodontitis.
c. Acute exacerbation of chronic apical periodontitis. ***
d. Abscess.

25
85. A Pt present in severe pain. The periapical area over the
involved tooth is inflamed and swollen. The tooth is mobile
and depressible in its socket with a diffused radiolucency.
The diagnosis is:
a. Acute apical periodontitis.
b. Chronic apical periodontitis.
c. Acute exacerbation of chronic apical periodontitis.
d. Abscess. ***

86. Which of the following is the longest in the dental arch:

a. Maxiliary central incisor.
b. Maxiliary second premolar.
c. Mandibular canine.
d. Maxiliary canine. ***

87. Traumatically fractured crown of central incisor in an 8-

years-old child with pulp exposure (more than 1 mm) half
hour ago, medical history is non- contributory and the tooth is
not displaced. What is your management:
a. Endodontics-pulpectomy and obturation.
b. Direct pulpcap with caoh and composite.
c. Caoh pulpotomy. ***
d. Total extirpation of pulp and CaOH

26
 88. Theuse of the rubber dam in endodontics is:
a- Frequently required.
b- An established rule. ***
c- Not required.
d- Time consuming.
e- Dictated by Pt comfort.

89. Lesion similar to Endo Lesion:

a- Hyperparathyroidism
b- Initial stage of cemental dysplasia ***
c- Ossifying Fibroma
d- Dentigerous cyst.
e- Ameloblastoma.
f- Lateral periodontal cyst.
g- Myxoma & hemangioma.

90. Endomethasone is a root canal sealer that:

a. Dissolve in fluid so it weaken the root canal filling.
b. Very toxic contain formaldehyde.
c. Contain corticosteroids.
d. All the above. ***

27
91. Cause that master G.P not reach working length although it is
the same size of last file:
a. Dentin debris.
b. Ledge formation.
c. A & b. ***
d. None of the above

Couses if Master Cone did Not Fit to Length :

• Dentine chips packed into the apical extent of the root canal
preparation will lead to a decrease in working length, and
consequently the master cone will appear to be short. This can
be avoided by using copious amounts of irrigant during
preparation.
• A ledge in the root canal wall can prevent correct placement of
the cone. If the cone hits an obstruction during placement then
the end may appear crinkled. It may be possible to remove or
smooth a ledge by refining the preparation with a greater taper
instrument.
• If the canal is insufficiently tapered, the master cone may not
fit correctly because it is binding against the canal walls
coronally or in the mid-third. The completed root canal
preparation should follow a gradual taper along its entire length.
Further preparation may be required with Gates-Glidden burs,
orifice shapers or a greater taper instrument.

92. Smallaccess opening in upper centeral incisor lead to:

a. Complete removal of the pulp.
b. Incomplete removal of the pulp. ***
c. Conservative restoration.

28
93. In
sickle cell anemia O2 decreased in oral mucosa:
a. True. ***
b. False

94. We distinguish between periapical and periodontal abscess:

a. X-ray examination
b. Clinical examination
c. Vitality of the pulp. ***

95. Component of Gutta percha:

a. 50% Gp & 50% ZOE
b. 20% Gp & 70% ZOE. ***

inorganic )Gutta percha & barium sulfate( 75%

organic (gutta percha) 23%
transpolyisoprene

96. All are irrigation for canals EXCEPT:

a. Saline.
b. Hydrogen beroxide.
c. Naocl
d. RC prep. ***

29
 [Link] of ideal endo obturation material are all EXCEPT:
a. Biocompatible.
Radiolucent. ***

98. Very
important part in endo treatment:
a. Complete debridement of the canal

99. Perio
endo lesion the primary treatment:
a. Endo treatment. ***
b. Deep scaling and root planning.

[Link] negative response of an electric pulp test given:

a. After trauma
b. Periodontal disease
c. In teenager.

31