EGLM07-Power Systems with Project, example

• Although this example is done using Mathcad, similar software such as Matlab is also
acceptable.
• This example uses Newton-Raphson-Fast Decoupled Power Flow, however, other
methods such as Gauss-Seidel is also acceptable.
• In your project report you need to demonstrate understanding through explaining each
step in detail.

V2 = 0.85∠δ 2 pu

j0.1 pu P2 = 1 pu

V1 = 1∠0 pu
1 Q2 = ?
(PV bus)
P1 = ? ~
Q1 = ? ~ j0.2 pu j0.2 pu
(Slack bus) 2

V3 = ?
3
P3 = 2 pu
Q3 = 1 pu
(PQ bus)

Solve the load flow problem for the power system shown above:

Admittance matrix is:

 Y1 , 2 + Y1 , 3 −Y
1, 2
−Y
1, 3 
AD :=  −Y1 , 2 Y
1, 2
+Y
2, 3
−Y
2, 3

 
 −Y1 , 3 −Y Y +Y 
 2, 3 1, 3 2, 3 
 −15i 10i 5i 
AD =  10i −15i 5i 
 
 5i 5i −10i 

Using Fast Decoupled Power Flow, the susceptance matrix is:

B := Im( AD)  −15 10 5 

B =  10 −15 5 
 
 5 5 −10 

Bus-1 is slack bus:

−1  −0.08 −0.04 
BIδ := submatrix( B, 1 , 2 , 1 , 2) BIδ =  
 −0.04 −0.12 
 EGLM07-Power Systems with Project, example

Bus-2 is PV bus:
BIδ = −0.12
1, 1

Initial definitions:

 1 
 0 The bus voltage (pu)
The phase   MV :=  0.85 
of bus voltage δ :=  0   
 1 
 0

 0 Load  0 
Generated   Powers LP :=  0 
Powers GP :=  1  (pu)  
(pu)  0 2 + j

By considering x as bus phase and y as bus amplitude, the following functions

may be defined:

Function of Bus voltages:

 y ei⋅ x0 
 0 
 i⋅ x 
fV( x, y ) :=  y e 1 
1
 
 y ei⋅ x2 
 2 
Function of Bus currents:

fI ( x, y ) := AD⋅ fV( x, y )

Function of Transmitted

Power:  fV( x, y ) ⋅ fI ( x, y ) 
 0 0

fT ( x, y ) :=  fV( x, y ) 1⋅ fI ( x, y ) 1 
 
 fV( x, y ) ⋅ fI ( x, y ) 
 2 2
Note that Bus-1 is slack bus and bus-2 is PV bus. Hence:

Active power ( ) ( )
 Re fT ( x, y ) 1 + Re LP1 − Re GP1 
 
( )
fP ( x, y ) :=
Function
( 2) ( 2)
 Re fT ( x, y ) + Re LP − Re GP 
 ( 2) 

Reactive power
Function ( ) ( )
fQ ( x, y ) := Im fT ( x, y ) + Im LP − Im GP
2 2 2 ( )
A loop is defined until convergence is achieved:
 EGLM07-Power Systems with Project, example

fVOLT ( D , V) := for K ∈ 0 .. 15
D  D 
 1  ←  1  + BIδ⋅ fP ( D , V)
 D2   D 
   2
V ← V + BIδ ⋅ fQ ( D , V)
2 2 1, 1
V

 1 
fVOLT ( δ , MV) =  0.85  (p.u.)
 
 0.7533 
A new bus voltage matrix is defined:

MVn := fVOLT ( δ , MV)

fδ ( D , V) := for K ∈ 0 .. 15
 D1   D1 
  ←   + BIδ⋅ fP ( D , V)
 D2   D 
   2
V ← V + BIδ ⋅ fQ ( D , V)
2 2 1, 1
D

 0 
 
−
fδ ( δ , MV) =  7.9823 × 10 3
 −0.2874 
 

A new bus phase angle matrix is defined:

δn := fδ ( δ , MV)

Hence:
Bus bars voltages (p.u.):
 1 
 
−
fV( δn , MVn ) =  0.85 + 6.7849i × 10 3
 0.7224 − 0.2136i 
 
Bus bars transmitted powers (pu):
 1 + 2.8882i 
fT ( δn , MVn ) =  1 − 0.7252i 
 
 −2 − i 