Republic of the Philippines
PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY
Goa, Camarines Sur
_______Tinambac___________
Name of Campus/ College
Module 9
CELL METABOLISM
Name of Student: _______________________Week No: _____14-15_____________________
Course Code: _____CSBIO1______________Name of Faculty: YOLDA T. ABANTE_______
Course Title: _ General Zoology_________________________________________________
I. OBJECTIVES
This topic will help you understand the complexity in form and function of life on the cellular
and tissue level. Life in its simplest form called cells evolves into a diverse form making life
on earth a perfect place to live with all the intricacies of life forms from microscopic from like
the bacteria to the most complex form like the animals and plants.
II. LESSON
Cellular Metabolism:
- sum of all chemical changes that take place in a cell through which energy and basic
components are provided for essential processes, including the synthesis of new
molecules and the breakdown and removal of others.
- chemical reactions in the body cells that changes food into energy. Our bodies need this
energy to do everything from moving to thinking to growing. Specific proteins in the
body control the chemical reactions of metabolism.
- is the set of chemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life.
- Cellular metabolism involves complex sequences of controlled biochemical reactions,
better known as metabolic pathways. These processes allow organisms to grow and
reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to environmental changes.
- The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which
one chemical is transformed into another by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial
to metabolism and allow the fine regulation of metabolic pathways to maintain a constant
set of conditions in response to changes in the cell's environment, a process known as
homeostasis.
- Cellular metabolism has two distinct divisions: anabolism and catabolism.
a. Anabolism is a constructive metabolic process in which a cell uses energy to
construct molecules such as enzymes and nucleic acids and perform other
essential life functions. Anabolism involves three basic stages:
1. Production of precursors such as amino acids, monosaccharides,
isoprenoids and nucleotides;
2. Activation into reactive forms;
3. The assembly of these precursors into complex molecules.
b. Catabolism is the metabolic process by which the cell breaks down complex
molecules. The purpose of catabolic reactions is to provide the energy and
components needed by anabolic reactions. Catabolic reactions are normally
exothermic and are further subdivided according to their substrate into
carbohydrate, fat, and protein catabolism.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
- The most important chemical reaction here on earth.
Republic of the Philippines
PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY
Goa, Camarines Sur
- Equation of the chemical reaction: carbon dioxide + water + sunlight -> oxygen and glucose.
6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2
(six carbon dioxide molecules and six water molecules, are converted by light energy
captured by chlorophyll into a sugar molecule and six oxygen molecules, the
products.6O2 = six molecules of oxygen).
This means that carbon dioxide reacts with water and, using the sun's energy,
produces glucose and gives off oxygen gas.
Cellular respiration is a metabolic pathway that uses glucose to produce adenosine triphosphate
(ATP), an organic compound the body can use for energy. A molecule of glucose can produce
30-32 ATP.
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are direct opposite reactions. Energy from the sun enters a plant and
is converted into glucose during photosynthesis. Some of the energy is used to make ATP in the mitochondria
during cellular respiration, and some is lost to the environment as heat.
Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6+ 6O2 C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
Occurs in chloroplasts Occurs in mitochondria
Makes glucose Glucose is used to make ATP
Food made Food broken down
Glucose is converted to carbon dioxide Oxygen is combined with hydrogen to
and is used for photosynthesis form water
In the presence of chlorophyll (plants All living organisms
only) CO2 and H2O given off
Water is broken down into oxygen No light needed
Light needed Requires oxygen and releases carbon
Requires carbon dioxide and releases dioxide
oxygen ATP is synthesized by the breaking down
ATP is produced through light energy of organic molecules through oxidative
and it gets transformed into organic phosphorylation
molecules
Republic of the Philippines
PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY
Goa, Camarines Sur
III. ACTIVITIES
Reinforce this topic by watching and understanding the video that were recently
uploaded.
IV. ASSESSMENT
Recitation next meeting.
References:
[Link]
[Link]
lesson/connecting-cellular-respiration-and-photosynthesis-ms-ls/
Campbell NA., Reece JB., Urry LA., Cain ML., Wasserman SA., Minorsky PV., Jackson RB.,
2010. Biology, Ninth Edition,
Raven P., Johnson G., Mason G., Singer S., Losos J. 2010 Biology Ninth Edition. McGraw-Hill
Companies
Storer, Tracy I., Usinger, RL., Stebbins, RC., Nybakken, JW. 1979. General Zoology, Sixth
Edition. McGraw-Hill Book Company