### **Oilzapper: Simple Guide**

1. **Problem**:

Oil spills harm animals, plants, farms, and water bodies. Cleaning them is costly and bad for
nature.

2. **What is Oilzapper?**

- A mix of five good bacteria created by scientists at TERI (India).

- It eats oil and turns it into water and air (carbon dioxide).

- It’s put on powdered corncob to spread it easily.

3. **Uses**:

- Cleans oil spills on land and water.

- Fixes farmland damaged by oil, so farmers can grow crops again.

- Cleans rivers and lakes, helping fishermen.

4. **Success Stories**:

- Used by big companies like ONGC, IOCL, and ADNOC.

- Worked in India, Kuwait, and Yemen.

- Cleaned over 1 million tons of oily soil.

5. **Why It’s Great**:

- Saves farms, water, and jobs.

- Helps nature recover.

- Science making life better!

### **Coal Bed Methane (CBM): Simple Guide**

1. **What is CBM?**

- A type of natural gas found in coal beds.

- It’s cleaner than traditional fuels like coal.

2. **Why is it Important?**

- Helps fight climate change by producing cleaner energy.

- Reduces pollution and improves resource efficiency.

3. **How is CBM Enhanced?**

- **Biostimulation**: Boosts microbes already in coal beds to produce more gas.

- **Bioaugmentation**: Adds helpful microbes to coal beds for better gas production.

4. **Benefits of CBM**:

- Cleaner energy source with fewer emissions.

- Economic opportunities from sustainable energy.

5. **Challenges**:

- Needs proper management and advanced technologies.

6. **Future Potential**:

- A key part of the global shift toward cleaner and sustainable energy.

### **Agriculture and Climate Change: Simple Guide**

1. **What is Agriculture?**
 - Growing crops and rearing animals for food and livelihood.

- Key historical milestones:

- **6000 BCE**: Indus Valley grew wheat, cotton, and sugar.

- **1960s Green Revolution**: Mechanized farming tools, better seeds, and irrigation made
India self-reliant in food production.

2. **Problems Agriculture Faces**:

- Causes **17-30% of greenhouse gas emissions** due to fertilizers, pesticides, and methane
from rice farming.

- Environmental damage includes:

- **Acidic soil** from overuse of chemical fertilizers.

- **Polluted water** from chemical runoff.

- **Air pollution** from nitrous oxide and methane.

- Extreme weather (droughts, floods, etc.) disrupts farming, leading to food shortages.

3. **India’s Challenges**:

- Ranked **111th in the 2023 Global Hunger Index** (serious hunger level).

- Climate change threatens food security: availability, access, use, and stability.

4. **Sustainable Agriculture**:

- Aims to protect nature and improve farming by:

- Preserving the environment.

- Boosting soil health.

- Reducing pollution.

- Ensuring enough food for all.

5. **Call to Action**:

- Shift to sustainable farming to balance the environment, economy, and society.

- Responsible resource use is key to saving our future!

### **Benefits of Sustainable Agriculture: Simple Guide**

1. **Key Practices**:

- **Precision Farming (5Rs)**: Right input, amount, place, time, and method.

- **Minimal Tillage**: Protects soil and reduces water use.

- **Water Management**: Efficient irrigation and water-saving crops.

- **Crop Rotation**: Less need for chemical fertilizers, promotes healthy soil.

- **Renewable Energy**: Using clean energy for farming machines.

- **Integrated Nutrient Management**: Natural pest control and balanced nutrients.

- **Organic Farming**: Using manure, biofertilizers, and mulches.

- **Nano-Fertilizers**: Improve nutrient use and reduce chemicals.

- **Deep Nutrient Placement**: Gradual release of nutrients for sustainability.

2. **Challenges for Farmers**:

- **85% are small/marginal farmers** in India.

- Financial constraints make adopting these methods difficult without support.

3. **Government Support**:

- **PKVY (2015)**: Promotes organic farming.

- **PM PRANAM (2023)**: Supports environmental awareness and soil restoration.

- Institutes like ICAR and agricultural universities help through field demos and training.
4. **Why It Matters**:

- Climate change threatens food security.

- Sustainable agriculture supports **SDG 2 (Zero Hunger)** by improving food systems.

- Protecting the environment today ensures long-term agricultural success.

5. **Call to Action**:

- Communities, governments, and farmers must adopt eco-friendly practices to heal the
Earth.

Here’s the updated version with TERI included, simple and clear:

---

### Cities Have Problems

- **Big issues**: Pollution, waste, poor services, and slums.

- **Climate change** makes everything worse.

- **Why it matters**: How we manage cities affects today and the future.

---

### Solution: Participatory Urban Governance

- **What it is**: People, governments, and organizations working together to solve city
problems.

- **Why it's good**: Uses local ideas and makes better plans for everyone.

---
### Key Features of Participatory Governance:

1. **Collaboration**: People share ideas, so solutions match real needs.

2. **Fair and Inclusive**: Everyone’s voice counts, especially the poor and marginalized.

3. **Sustainable Solutions**: Plans last a long time and help the environment, economy, and
society.

4. **Active Citizen Engagement**: Citizens help design and vote on projects for their city.

---

### TERI and Urban Living Labs (ULL)

- **What are ULLs?** Places where people, experts, and governments create and test new
ideas for cities.

- **TERI’s Work**:

1. TERI (The Energy and Resources Institute) started Urban Living Labs in cities like **Goa**
and **Visakhapatnam**.

2. **Vizag Lab (V-PULL)**: Focuses on local problems like climate risks, bringing together all
stakeholders—government, businesses, and citizens—to create tailored solutions.

---

### Why TERI and ULLs Matter:

- They strengthen participatory governance.

- Create long-lasting, innovative solutions for better cities.

Here’s a quick and simple summary for you:

---
### **Sustainable Mobility**

- Focuses on **greener and cleaner ways** to move people and goods.

- Helps reduce **greenhouse gases (GHG)** like CO2 and methane, which cause **climate
change**.

- **Transportation** is the **2nd largest source** of GHG emissions globally (14%).

So, greener transportation is crucial!

---

### **Ways to Support Sustainable Mobility**

1. **Public Transportation**

- Buses, trains, and subways reduce traffic and pollution.

- Using **renewable energy** for transit systems makes them even greener.

2. **Non-Motorized Transportation**

- Walking and cycling produce **zero emissions**.

- **15-minute cities**: Everything you need (shops, offices, recreation) is within a 15-minute
walk, bike ride, or public transit.

3. **Electric Vehicles (EVs)**

- EVs (cars, buses, bikes) run on electricity instead of petrol/diesel = **no tailpipe
pollution**.

- If powered by **renewable energy** (solar/wind), they’re even better for the environment.

4. **Carpooling and Ridesharing**

- Sharing rides means **fewer cars, less traffic, and cleaner air**.
5. **Green Freight**

- Moving goods using **low-emission methods** like railways or EV delivery bikes.

- Railways have **very low emissions** compared to other transport.

---

### **Cool Fact: Delhi Metro Saves CO2!**

- Delhi Metro now shows **how much CO2 you save** by using the metro instead of cars!

- This initiative, backed by **TERI**, encourages passengers to make greener choices.

- Look for your **QR Code ticket** to see your contribution to a cleaner planet.

Here’s a simple and clear summary for your quick revision:

---

### **Waste Management in Cities**

- **Big Problem**: India produces **62 million tons** of waste annually, with half going to
dumpsites.

- Waste includes:

- **Biodegradable** (e.g., vegetable peels).

- **Non-biodegradable** (e.g., plastics, metals, glass).

---

### **Challenges of Waste Management**

- **Urbanization** increases waste from homes, industries, and businesses.

- Improper waste management causes:

- Pollution and climate change.

- More **greenhouse gas emissions** (e.g., methane from biodegradable waste).

- Municipalities must ensure proper waste collection, recycling, and citizen involvement.

---

### **What is Waste Mapping?**

- A method to **study and track waste** in a specific area.

- Helps find problems (like hotspots of waste) and improve waste systems.

---

### **Steps in Waste Mapping**

1. **Data Collection**:

- Gather info on types, volumes, and sources of waste using **surveys, GPS, and audits**.

2. **Data Analysis**:

- Use tools to identify trends, gaps, and problem areas.

- Assess the effectiveness of current waste management.

---

### **How Waste Mapping Helps**

1. **Hotspot Identification**: Find areas with lots of waste and plan solutions (e.g., more bins).

2. **Infrastructure Assessment**: Check how well facilities (like landfills) work and improve
them.
3. **Stakeholder Engagement**: Involve **local authorities, companies, and citizens** to
share ideas and improve systems.

---

### **Simple Example**

- Imagine a kitchen:

- Collect data on types of waste (e.g., food scraps, plastic).

- Identify problem areas (e.g., overflowing bins).

- Involve your family in creating better waste habits.

Here’s a simple summary for you:

---

### **Crafting Sustainable Solutions for Waste Management**

1. **Plan with the Waste Hierarchy**:

- Focus on strategies that **reduce waste** and **maximize resource recovery**.

2. **Key Actions for Municipalities**:

- **Reduce at Source**:

- Use awareness campaigns and policies for **less packaging** and **sustainable
consumption**.

- **Promote Reuse**:

- Identify reusable materials in waste and create programs like **community exchanges**
or partnerships to refurbish items.

- **Enhance Recycling**:
 - Improve **recycling systems**, expand facilities, and educate people on proper recycling.

- Analyze recycling rates to find and fix issues.

- **Energy Recovery**:

- Build **waste-to-energy plants** to turn non-recyclable waste into energy, reducing

landfill waste.

---

### **Kitchen Example: The 3 Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)**

1. **Reduce**:

- Use reusable items (e.g., containers instead of plastic wrap).

2. **Reuse**:

- Repurpose jars or containers (e.g., plant herbs).

3. **Recycle**:

- Sort cans and bottles for recycling. Cities use tools like **waste mapping** to make
recycling easier and more effective.

---

### **Conclusion**

By combining **waste mapping**, good policies, and community involvement, cities can:

- Reduce environmental harm.

- Promote **resource efficiency**.

- Make urban life cleaner and better for everyone.

Here’s a simple and clear summary for Mission LiFE:

---

### **Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment)**

- **Introduced by**: Prime Minister Narendra Modi on **November 1, 2021**, at **COP26** in

Glasgow.

- **First in the World**: Added to India's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) on

**August 3, 2022**.

---

### **Goal of Mission LiFE**

- Promote **mindful and sustainable living** instead of wasteful consumption.

- Encourage people to live in harmony with nature.

- Participants are called **"Pro Planet People"**.

---

### **Objectives of Mission LiFE**

1. Spread a **healthy and sustainable lifestyle** inspired by India's traditions.

2. Mobilize **1 billion people** (Indians and globally) to act for the environment by **2028**.

3. Make **80% of Indian villages and cities** environmentally friendly by **2028**.

---

### **Key Ideas**

- **Mass Movement**: Turn small individual actions into a **global movement** for positive
environmental change.

- **Cultural Roots**: Use India’s sustainable traditions as a foundation for change.

- **Focus on Students**: Through initiatives like **GREEN Olympiad 2023**, students learn
about sustainability and adopt eco-friendly habits.

---