LEARNING UNIT 4: OPERATE MOBILE DEVICES

Learning Outcome 4.1: Describe mobile phone parts

4.1.1. Description of mobility
Mobility is the ability to move freely.
4.1.2. Identification of smartphone features and characteristics
Definition
A smartphone is a cellular telephone with an integrated computer and
other features not originally associated with telephones such as an
operating system, web browsing, and the ability to run software
applications.
Smartphones can be used by individuals in both a consumer and a
business context, and are now almost integral to everyday modern life
Brief History
The first smartphone was IBM's Simon, which was presented as a
concept device -- rather than a consumer device -- at the 1992
COMDEX computer trade show. It was capable of sending emails and
faxes, as well as keeping a calendar of events for the user, as opposed
to simply making calls and sending messages.
Consumer smartphones evolved away from personal digital assistants
(PDAs) around the turn of the 21st century when devices such as the
PalmPilot began to include wireless connectivity. Several
manufacturers, including Nokia and Hewlett Packard, released devices
in 1996 that were combinations of PDAs and typical cellphones that
included early OSs and web browsing capabilities.

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BlackBerry released its first smartphones in the mid-2000s, and they
became very popular with consumers and in the enterprise.
In 2007, LG released the Prada and Apple released the iPhone, the first
smartphones to feature a touchscreen. HTC released its Dream
smartphone a year later, which was the first to include Google's
Android OS.
Features
The following are some of the other key features of a smartphone:

 Internet connectivity.
 A mobile browser.
 The ability to sync more than one email account to a device.
 Embedded memory.
 A hardware or software-based QWERTY keyboard.
 Wireless synchronization with other devices, such as laptop or
desktop computers.
 The ability to download applications and run them independently.
 Support for third-party applications.
 The ability to run multiple applications simultaneously.
 Touchscreen.
 Wi-Fi.
 A digital camera, typically with video capability.
 Gaming.
 Unified messaging.
 GPS.

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Characteristics of a Smartphone
Smartphones are distinguished from traditional feature phones by
the way they integrate new and emerging technologies into
mobile devices. While feature phones focus on basic features
such as voice calls and text messaging, the smartphone market
includes the basics but adds many extras, including mobile apps,
screen quality, multimedia capability, wireless
communication and hardware sensors. The technology found
in smartphones is constantly evolving and redefining the mobile
device market. High-end smartphones include the newest
technologies and often portend which features will eventually
become standard in the market.
1. Screen Display
Most smartphones provide a much larger screen than traditional
feature phones. While smartphone screens have been known to
feature resolutions as low as 240 by 320 pixels, most new high-
end smartphones feature high-definition resolutions of up to 1080
by 1920 pixels -- commonly known as full HD.
2. Camera and Video
Cameras on smartphones often boast higher resolutions as well as
the ability to capture mobile video. In addition to higher pixel
resolutions, high-end smartphone cameras feature increased film
speed as well as brighter and faster lenses and advanced noise
reduction.

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Smartphones utilize the display as the viewfinder for the image
and can support image filters, adjustments and custom
resolutions. Captured media can be stored on the device's internal
memory, SD cards or uploaded to cloud storage services such as
Flickr, Google photos, Dropbox and iCloud.
3. Hardware Sensors
Hardware sensors help your smartphone respond intelligently to
the physical world. The accelerometer measures acceleration
which can be used to protect hard disks upon free-fall; it also
allows movement to be used as a form of input. GPS sensors
triangulate a smartphone's location through satellites, cell towers
and Wi-Fi networks. Gyroscopes measure the orientation of the
device -- commonly used to help automatic display rotation. A
magnetometer is used as a directional compass for smartphones
by measuring the strength of the earth's magnet field. Ambient
light sensors, also referred to as lux meters or ALS, measure how
much light is reaching your device and can adjust your screen's
brightness and camera flash settings accordingly.
4. Wireless Data Access
Mobile data networks are provided by wireless carriers for
smartphones. Wireless Internet access is available over-the-air to
smartphone users with mobile data plans via 2G, 3G and 4G
technologies. Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Infrared and Near Field
Communication sensors make it possible to establish wireless
network connections between devices.
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Most high-end smartphones include 4G and NFC. First
introduced in 2013, Li-Fi -- known as Light Fidelity -- represents
the fifth generation of high-speed wireless communication. New
high-end smartphones support Li-Fi, making it possible to create
wireless networks using visible light communication technology.
How do you know what specs to look for when buying a new
Android phone?
 A Strong Processor
 At Least 6GB of RAM
 At Least 128GB of Storage
 A 120Hz Refresh Rate Display
 At Least 5000mAh Battery with Fast Charging
 An Optimized Camera System
 Other Features to Look For:

 Glass protection: It's only a matter of time

before you accidentally drop your phone and
shatter the display. To avoid this, it's
recommended that your phone has at least
Gorilla Glass 5 protection, if not better.
 Clean software: Ideally, you want a clean
software experience that doesn't feel too pushy.

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 For that, you have mainly three options: stock
Android, OneUI from Samsung, and OxygenOS
from OnePlus, although the latter is losing its
charm. Try to avoid MIUI, ColorOS, and
FuntouchOS if you can.

 Water resistance: A prerequisite on most flagship

devices and quality mid-rangers. Water resistance
may not mean you can go swimming with your phone,
but you can drop it in the sink or use it in the rain
without fear.

 Headphone jack: Headphone jacks are disappearing

fast throughout the smartphone industry. But if you
can find it, get it. Without a jack, you have to either
bear the inconvenience of using a USB-C dongle or
buy Bluetooth headphones that will become obsolete
quickly.

 NFC: If you hate carrying cash, NFC (Near Field

Communication) is great for making secure wireless
payments with a touch.

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4.1.3. Configuration of the smartphone settings
Set up internet connections settings for Android
First Step: You need to find your APN settings, but note that for each
of all the types of Android device, there are different ways to access
this:
Go to your Applications >Then Settings > And then goto Wireless
and Networks > Goto Mobile Networks > Goto Access Point names.

Or

Go to Menu > Settings > Mobile Network (Under Wireless &

Networks) > Access Point Names. APN.
or
Goto Application > Settings > More Settings > Mobile Networks
>Tick Mobile Data > Access Point names

Second Step: Now after performing all the above steps for your
phones, now just input all these necessary details in your APN
settings
Tap the left side of the settings in the mobile networks and the tap
New APN then enter the following:
-Name as NEWAPN and Ok.
-APN as internet and Ok.
-Proxy is not set
-Port is not set
-Username is not set

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-Password is not set
-Server is not set
-MMSC is not set
-MMS Proxy is not set
-MMS Port is not set
-MCC as 505
-MNC as 02
-Authentication Type as PAP
-APN Type internet or leave it at default.
-APN protocol (should be greyed out or not displayed):IPv4
-Enable/Disable APN (should be greyed out or not displayed):Box
ticked
-Bearer (if displayed):Unspecified
-Now just press the menu button and then SAVE it after that just tap
the back button.
-Now tap back key.
-Turn on Mobile Networks by tapping on the right hand side of the
screen (OFF to ON)

Conference call from my phone

iPhone (iOS)

1. Dial the first participant and wait for them to answer.

2. Tap the “add call plus” button on your keypad.
3. Dial the second participant and wait for them to answer.

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 4. Tap the “merge calls” button.
5. If you want to add more participants, repeat steps b to d.

Android

1. Dial the first person you want to add to the call.

2. Once they’re connected, press the “add call icon” (it looks like a
little phone with a ‘+’).
3. Dial the second participant you want to add. Wait for them to
answer.
4. Press the “merge" icon (it looks like two little arrows merging
into one).
5. Your screen should now say “conference call”.

Learning Outcome 4.2: Connect mobile phone

4.2.1. Description of wired connectivity
 Shared internet connections
You can share your phone's data connection through USB, Wi-
Fi, or Bluetooth.

Go to Settings, tap More > Mobile network sharing, and then

choose whether to share via USB tethering, Portable Wi-Fi
hotspot, or Bluetooth tethering. If you are going to share your
phone's data connection through USB tethering, you need to first
connect your phone to the computer using the provided USB
cable.

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 Note:

 A data connection such as 3G is required. Contact your

mobile operator for information on data charges. Extended
use of your data connection, Wi-Fi, or Bluetooth may drain
the battery faster.
 Some features may not be available on all phones.
 Airplane mode
Airplane mode is a setting available on smartphones and other
portable devices.
Airplane mode is a setting on cell phones, smartphones and other
mobile devices that prevents the device from sending or
receiving calls and text messages. Airplane mode is also known
as offline mode, standalone mode and flight mode. Airplane
mode varies from one device to another.
 Tethering
Tethering, or phone-as-modem is the sharing of a mobile
device's Internet connection with other connected computers.
Connection of a mobile device with other devices can be done
over wireless LAN, over Bluetooth or by physical connection
using a cable, for example through USB

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 Steps:
1. Connect your phone to the other device with a USB cable. A
notification shows at the top of the screen.
2. On your phone, swipe down from the top of the screen.
3. Touch and hold Hotspot .
4. Turn on USB tethering.
4.2.2. Description of wireless data networks
 Mobile WIFI

Tether by Mobile Wi-Fi

1. Open wifi.
2. Open RQ code .
3. Scan QR code

 Hotspot

Turn on your hotspot

1. Swipe down from the top of the screen.
2. Tap Hotspot .
 If you don’t find Hotspot , at the bottom left, tap
Edit and drag Hotspot into your Quick Settings.

Connect another device to your phone's hotspot

1. On the other device, open that device's list of Wi-Fi options.
2. Pick your phone's hotspot name.
3. Enter your phone's hotspot password.
4. Click Connect.
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If you don't want your hotspot to require a password:
1. Swipe down from the top of the screen.
2. Touch and hold Hotspot .
3. Under "Security," tap None.

Tip: You can share your phone's mobile data with up to 10 other
devices via a Wi-Fi hotspot.
 Bluetooth
Tether by Bluetooth

1. Pair your phone with the other device.

2. Set up the other device's network connection with Bluetooth.
3. On your phone, swipe down from the top of the screen.
4. Touch and hold Hotspot .
5. Turn on Bluetooth tethering.
4.2.3. Description of Cellular communication generations
The aim of each different generation development is to improve the
speed and capability of the wireless connection. It is only data that is
carried by the later generations though, as voice is still mostly carried
using 2G technology

 1G (1st Generation):

 First-time calling was introduced in mobile systems.

 It used analog signals.
 It used an FDD scheme and typically allocated a bandwidth
of 25 Mhz.
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  The coverage area was small.
 No roaming support between various operators.
 Low sound quality.
 Speed: - 2.4 kbps.
 2G (2nd Generation) :

 Shifted from analog to digital.

 It supported voice and SMS both.
 Supported all 4 sectors of the wireless industry namely
Digital cellular, Mobile Data, PCS, WLAN,
 Moderate mobile data service.
 2G WLAN provided a high data rate & large area coverage.
 Speed: - 64 kbps.

 2.5G came after 2G which used the concept of GPRS. Streaming

was also introduced and mail services too. Then came 2.75G or
EDGE which was faster in providing services than 2.5G. It gave
faster internet speed up to 128kbps and also used edge
connection.

 3G (3rd Generation) :

 The Internet system was improved.

 Better system and capacity.
 Offers high-speed wireless internet.
 The connection used was UMTS and WCMA.
 Speed: - 2mbps.
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 4G (4th Generation) :

 IP-based protocols.
 LTE (Long term evaluation) was mainly for the internet.
 Vo-LTE (Voice over LTE) is for both voice and the internet.
 Freedom and flexibility to select any desired service with
reasonable QoS.
 High usability.
 Supports multimedia service at a low transmission cost.
 HD Quality Streaming.
 Speed:-100mbps.

 5G (5th Generation):

 It is yet to come in many countries but here are some

notable points about 5G.
 Higher data rates.
 Connectivity will be more fast and more secure,
 Data Latency will be reduced to a great level.
 Massive network capacity.
 It is 30 times faster than 4G.
 There would be more flexibility in the network.

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Launched time:

Technologies used :

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Learning Outcome 4.3: Connect specialty mobile devices
4.3.1. Connection of Wearable devices

Wearable technology is any technology that is designed to be used

while worn. Common types of wearable technology
include smartwatches and smartglasses. Wearable electronic devices
are often close to or on the surface of the skin, where they detect,
analyze, and transmit information such as vital signs, and/or ambient
data and which allow in some cases immediate biofeedback to the
wearer.

Fitness monitor

An activity tracker, also known as a fitness tracker, is a device or

application for monitoring and tracking fitness-related metrics such as
distance walked or run, calorie consumption, and in some cases
heartbeat. It is a type of wearable computer.

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 Smartwatch

A smartwatch is a wearable computer in the form of a watch; modern

smartwatches provide a local touchscreen interface for daily use, while
an associated smartphone app provides management and telemetry,
such as long-term biomonitoring.
Smartwatch, a small smartphone like device worn on the wrist. Many
smartwatches are connected to a smartphone that notifies the user of
incoming calls, e-mail messages, and notifications from
applications. Some smartwatches can even make telephone calls.
Pairing an Android Wear smartwatch with an Android phone
1. Install the "Wear OS by Google Smartwatch" app on your
phone, available on the Google Play Store.
2. On your watch, turn on Bluetooth.
3. Open the Wear OS app on your phone and follow the initial setup.
Tap on "I agree".
4. You should see a pop-up "Turn on Bluetooth and Location".
Tap on "Turn on".

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 5. Tap the name of your watch. You'll receive a code on your phone
and watch. Tap the "Pair" button on both the devices.
6. You will now see a connection successful message. Now, sign-in
to your Google account.
7. Click on "Allow notifications", "Sync calendar", "Allow
messages", etc. to proceed using your smartwatch.
Pairing an Android Wear smartwatch with an iPhone
1. Download the "Wear OS by Google - Smartwatch" on your
iPhone. The app is available for free on the App Store
2. Turn on Bluetooth on your smartwatch.
3. Go to Settings on your iPhone, tap on Bluetooth. Wait till your
watch shows up on your iPhone.
4. Tap on the watch model you are pairing and accept the Bluetooth
pairing request.
5. Once paired, sign in to your Google account.
6. Enable notifications, location, messages, calendar access, etc.
7. Once the paring and syncing process is complete, you can do a
whole bunch of tasks such as checking notifications, getting
directions, making note entries, etc. In addition, you can use your
smartwatch to track your health and fitness goals, listen to your
favourite music or find new music from Google Play Music.

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 VR/AR headsets

(Augmented Reality/Virtual Reality headset) A head-worn apparatus

that is used for both augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality
(VR) applications. The headset must have an opening to allow the
smartphone camera to view the environment.

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4.3.2. Connection of Specialty devices

E-reader

An e-reader, also called an e-book reader or e-book device, is

a mobile electronic device that is designed primarily for the purpose of
reading digital e-books and periodicals.

You can pair a Bluetooth device via Settings in a Bluetooth-enabled

Kindle. Here's how:
Note: You need to turn the Wi-Fi on and complete the over-the-air
update in order to pair a Bluetooth device.

1. Put the Bluetooth device into pairing mode.

2. Tap the Quick Actions button on the toolbar.

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3. Tap All Settings.
4. Make sure Bluetooth is set to On.
5. Tap Bluetooth Devices.
6. Tap on the device you want to pair.
7. Tap Connect.

8. The Bluetooth device shows as connected.

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 GPS receiver

GPS stands for Global Positioning System by which anyone can always
obtain the position and time information anywhere in the world.

The global positioning system (GPS) is a network of satellites and

receiving devices used to determine the location of something on Earth.
Some GPS receivers are so accurate they can establish their location
within one centimeter (0.4 inches). GPS receivers provide location in
latitude, longitude, and altitude.

Connection Instructions:
1. Most USB GPS receivers come with Standard USB plug. Most
Android tablets or phones come with Micro USB or USB-C plug. You
might need a USB to Micro USB or USB to USB-C adapter to
physically connect the USB GPS with the Android device.

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2. In the Android “play store” download “GPS Connector” App.

3. Open the "GPS Connector" app. Click the "gear" icon.

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4. Click the "GNSS Device.

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5. Select "USB Device". (For Columbus V-800 Mark III GPS, please
select "Prolific" usb driver and choose 38400 baudrate)

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6. Enable "Set GPS Mock Location" option.

7. Switch from the "GPS Connector" app to the main screen of your
device. Select "Settings" --> "System" --> Developer Options" -->
"Select Mock Location app".
(“Developer Options” is hidden by default. To show it, go to Settings -
> About Phone and tap on ‘Build Number’ seven times. )

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8. Select "GPS Connector" app.

9. Now, launch your GPS app & it will start using the location data
received from your usb GPS receiver.
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