Belimo Energy Valve™

Application Guide

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General
Information
This is the Belimo Energy Valve™ application guide, a central source
of information for the planning, selection, and application of the Belimo
Energy Valve™. It is intended to provide educational and practical support
on this flagship Belimo product to consulting engineers, system integra-
tors, HVAC contractors, commissioning engineers, facility managers and
building owners worldwide. Belimo Energy Valve™ is a registered trademark
of Belimo. For easier reading, it is also referred to as Energy Valve or EV
throughout this guide.

Table of contents

In this guide, you will find information on the following topics: PART A Introduction to the Belimo Energy Valve™ 4

• Development of valve technology

PART B Belimo Energy Valve™ HVAC Applications  60
• The difference between pressure-dependent and pressure-independent technology
• Mechanical versus electronic pressure-independent technology
• An overview of the Energy Valve and its features PART C Installation and Configuration 114
• Common applications
• Best practices, including installation and commissioning tips
• Supporting tools, resources and FAQs This guide can be printed or downloaded as required. It serves as a resource for standard questions and solutions, and
to increase your knowledge of the Belimo Energy Valve™ and its most common applications. However, it does not replace
professional engineering work. If questions that are more complex arise, please consult your local Belimo contact person
or use the Belimo support hotline (see [Link]).
part a

Introduction
to the Belimo
Energy Valve™

overview of key functions and features

1 Evolution of Control Valves6

2 Pressure-independent valve technology10

3 What is a Belimo Energy Valve™?20

4 Control Modes of the Belimo Energy Valve™30

5 Feature overview of the new Belimo Energy Valve™48

6 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART A Introduction to the Belimo Energy Valve™ – 1 Evolution of Control Valves 7

1
1.1 CCV (Characterized Control Valve)
Globe valves dominated the HVAC control valve market for decades, but,
in 1999, Belimo released its Characterised Control Valve (CCV). Thanks
to the innovative characterised disc, which achieves an equal-percentage
characteristic curve, this product perfectly combines the air-bubble-tight
shut-off of a ball valve with the optimum controllability of a heat exchanger.
The CCV is also air-bubble tight, i.e. it does not allow water to flow through
the closed valve.

1.2 Pressure-Independent Characterised Abb. 1: CCV

Control Valve (PICCV)
In 2003, the first pressure-independent characterised control valve
(PICCV) from Belimo came onto the market. Using the same valve
technology found in the CCV, a robust mechanical pressure regulator
was integrated to compensate for pressure changes in the system. This
allowed the desired flow rate to remain constant, despite differential
pressure fluctuations.

1.3 Electronic pressure-independent Abb. 2: PICCV

characterised control valve (EPIV)
In 2010, after four years of development, Belimo launched the electronic
pressure-independent characterised control valve (EPIV). The EPIV

Evolution of
enables real-time flow measurement directly integrated in the valve unit.
The EPIV combines an accurate, wet-calibrated ultrasonic flow sensor with
a characterised control valve in one device. This combination allows for
precise control of the flow rate with the capability of reading the actual

Control Valves
flow rate at all times.

1.4 Belimo Energy Valve™ Abb. 3: EPIV

In 2012, the first version of the Belimo Energy Valve™ was introduced. The
Energy Valve is an enhancement of the EPIV, with temperature sensors in
Control valve technology has evolved significantly over the last two the supply and return for measuring the differential temperature (known
as delta T) across the heat exchanger. This, along with the built-in software,
decades – from the simple actuation on a valve to truly smart valves. allows the valve to continually monitor and enhance the efficiency of the
Smart valves can actuate to more than just different opening positions. heat exchange.

They have various flow and/or temperature sensors installed within The Belimo Energy Valve™ marks a new chapter with advanced
the valve body, and/or in the water stream. connectivity. In addition to the analogue and bus interfaces (Modbus,
BACnet and MP-Bus), the Energy Valve has an integrated web server. This
simplifies commissioning and supports the operator during operation. In
Abb. 4: Energy Valve
The combination of valve, actuator, and sensors allows the smart valve addition, the Energy Valve can be connected to the Internet, making it the
first IoT (Internet of Things) control valve for HVAC applications.
to automate many processes that would otherwise be difficult or too
time-consuming to implement.
8 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART A Introduction to the Belimo Energy Valve™ – 1 Evolution of Control Valves 9

1.5 Quick Compact Valve (QCV) 1.8 Belimo set the new industry standard
In 2013, the ZoneTight™ QCV was introduced for zone applications, twice, for innovative valve and actuator
allowing more accurate control of small water volumes. It combines the
air-bubble tight ball valve design from Belimo with an extremely power- technology
saving actuator and fast, tool-free actuator mounting.
CCV and Zone Valves: In the space of just ten years, Belimo had clearly
established the new industry standard for control valves with the

1.6 Pressure-Independent Quick Compact Abb. 5: QCV

Characterised Control Valve (CCV). Beginning in 2013, ZoneTight™ QCV
also experienced an exponential growth spurt with high volumes for zone
Valve (PIQCV) applications. It is foreseeable that in the coming decade, a large number of
outdated short-stroke zone valves will be replaced by energy-efficient and
In 2016, the ZoneTight™ product family became pressure-independent. ‘air bubble tight’ Belimo QCV zone valves.
The PIQCV combines mechanical pressure independence and ZoneTight™
technology for zone applications. PI-Valves: Pressure-independent valves have experienced strong
growth over the last five years. This is driven by compact, mechanically
pressure-independent PIQCV zone valves, which are replacing the
1.7 Belimo Energy Valve™ – bringing pressure-dependent short-stroke globe valves that are outdated in many
applications. Nonetheless, the fast market penetration of electronic
together what belongs together pressure-independent valves, such as the EPIV and Belimo Energy Valve™,
continues.
In 2021, a new product range of certified thermal energy meters and the
Abb. 6: PIQCV
Belimo Energy Valve™ 4 were launched. It offers seamless and direct
integration in building management systems (BMS) and in third-party
IoT platforms, and provides valuable data on current operation modes,
temperatures, flows or energy consumption, which can then be used
directly for energy billing.

All these Belimo innovations have helped solve severe problems and
inefficiencies in the hydronic control of HVAC systems, including leaking Characterised control valves
Energy Valve 4
valves, discomfort from pressure fluctuations, and of course reduced Certified Metering,
Mechanically pressure-independent
efficiency from the producer due to low delta T syndrome. Ready for Energy Billing
(based on CCV)

Electronically pressure-independent
characterised control valve ( based on CCV)
Energy Valve
Power control with
delta T management

EPIV
Real flow rate
control

PIQCV
Pressure-Independent
Pro Tip Abb. 7: Belimo Energy Valve™ 4
PICCV Zone Valve
Pressure-independent
control*

Retrofit of obsolete valve and actuator technology is the first

step to energy efficiency. Combining the latest air-bubble tight, CCV
Characterized QCV
pressure-independent valve with modern, efficient variable- control CCV-based Zone
speed pumps, significantly reduces current consumption while Control
simultaneously increasing occupant comfort. Consult your
local Belimo representative for assistance.

2000 2010 2020

*PICCV has since been replaced by PIQCV and EPIV.

10 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART A Introduction to the Belimo Energy Valve™ – 2 Pressure-Independent Valve Technology 11

2
2.1 The traditional approach
Pressure-dependent valves
In pressure-dependent systems, the typical arrangement consists of a
manual balancing valve in series with a pressure-dependent control valve.
Typically, the balancing valves have a machined orifice, which allows the
technician to measure differential pressure (known as delta P) to obtain the
flow value. The flow is determined either by calculation from measured
differential pressure and flow coefficients (Cv/Kv) or with the aid of flow/
delta P tables.

Although variable flow systems save building operators substantial

pump energy cost every year, complex flow issues caused by pressure
fluctuations can arise, resulting in system instabilities. Even the best-
designed systems still make it challenging to optimise operations,
especially during partial load operation.

Pressure-dependent valves can suffer from differential pressure

fluctuations due to differential pressure changes in the system. These flow
fluctuations thereby result in excessively high or excessively low power
output at the heat exchanger.

2.2 Pressure-independent valves

Maintain the flow, independent of pressure fluctuations
Since 2003, when Belimo was one of the first manufacturers to produce a
pressure-independent control valve, these valves – often referred to as PI
valves, PIV or PICV – have significantly changed the way HVAC systems
are designed, installed, and commissioned in buildings. They offer savings
at virtually every stage of a building's life cycle.

For nearly two decades, pressure-independent valves have demonstrated

the ability to mitigate costly problems associated with systems with
pressure-dependent valves. This has provided huge improvements in
flow consistency irrespective of system pressure fluctuations. PI valves

Pressure-independent
maintain the flow rate through each coil/heat exchanger, permitting flow
changes only when commanded to do so by the control signal. The result:
No fluctuations in heating or cooling output due caused by differential
pressure variations.

valve technology
The drive towards greater HVAC efficiency led to variable flow systems and 2-way
control valves, thus requiring control valves to operate under dynamic conditions.
However, conventional control valves continue to be sized to static design condi-
tions, making valve selection, balancing, and control problematic. To address this,
Belimo released the first pressure-independent valve designed for the HVAC
industry.

Abb. 8: PICCV, the first Belimo pressure-independent valve.

12 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART A Introduction to the Belimo Energy Valve™ – 2 Pressure-Independent Valve Technology 13

2.3 Mechanical PI valves

The key components How mechanical PI valves work Advantages of mechanical PI valves over flow calculations as its geometry moves with
A mechanical PI valve, sometimes also referred to as a dual valve, combines PI valves require a minimum differential pressure-dependent valves the controller as a result of pressure changes. If
a control valve with a differential pressure regulator. The pressure regulator pressure to operate. This differential pressure By controlling flow and eliminating the effects of pressure fluctuations, you intend to verify flow with an external device,
maintains a constant pressure across the control element, which results in is required to load the spring, which positions pressure-independent valves eliminate the need for extra balancing valves. careful attention should be paid to the combined
a defined flow at a specific position. Furthermore, the differential pressure the diaphragm. If a hydronic system provides This not only minimises the installation costs, but also significantly reduces tolerance of both the valve and the measuring
across the entire valve can be measured by means of P/T connections a differential pressure below this minimum, the costs for commissioning, as labour-intensive hydronic balancing is no station. For example, if both devices have a
(optional). This enables optimisation of the pump setting when at full load. the pressure regulator mechanism is unable to longer required. PI valves can be preset to the calculated maximum flow stated tolerance of +/- 10%, a measured value
respond to pressure changes effectively, making value on site. They can also be set to full flow to allow higher flow rates of anywhere between 80% and 120% of design
the valve pressure-dependent and making it during system flushing before being set to the design flow. should be considered acceptable.
behave like one of that type. If the maximum
differential pressure of the valve is exceeded, The key to the success of the mechanical PI valve is simplicity during There are several PI valves on the market that
the diaphragm will experience additional stress, planning, installation, and commissioning, increased room comfort thanks attempt to display a theoretical or calculated
P/T connections which can damage the pressure regulator if to correct flow rates, and flexibility for future conversions. PI valves are flow based on the valve position. This is often
left for extended periods. Usually, hydronic selected on flow, and do not require flow coefficient (kvs value) or valve based on the assumption that the delta P over
systems are designed such that they deliver the authority calculations. Future changes to the building's existing hydronic the valve is within the required range, and
differential pressure within the required range, system will not affect PI valves that have already been installed, preventing that sufficient flow is available. Unfortunately,
with little or no additional equipment or design costly rebalancing or comfort problems. mechanical PI valves do not report delta P or the
Pressure Control element (ball) overhead. diaphragm position.
controller
Value added to the system with PI valves
Building owners realise the benefits of PI valves with energy savings and
increased occupant comfort. Installers save considerable amounts of work
by not having to install balancing valves and by the reduced commissioning
effort.

In summary, pressure-independent valves stabilise the control of variable

flow systems, offering greater efficiency and worry-free, dynamic
balancing, thus making installation and commissioning significantly easier
tasks.
Abb. 9: Components of a mechanical PI valve, e.g. a PIQCV.
Challenges with mechanical PI valves
If you wish to measure the flow through the valve, you need an additional
device such as a machined disc. Although many PI valves are equipped
with P/T connections, they should be used only to measure differential
pressure. The pressure drop across the PI valve body is not suitable for

re
su
es Ball valve
Pr

Flow
w
Flo

Flow setpoint
Abb. 10: Stabilising pressure and flow changes with a
mechanical PI valve, e.g. a PIQCV.

Minimal delta P Differential pressure Maximal delta P

Abb. 11: Improved sturdiness with mechanical PI valves.

14 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART A Introduction to the Belimo Energy Valve™ – 2 Pressure-Independent Valve Technology 15

2.4 Electronic PI valves How does the EPIV work?

The electronic pressure-independent valve (EPIV) uses
For almost a decade, Belimo electronic PI valves have
technology very similar to the pressure-independent VAV unit
registered fast growth as more and more customers enjoy
used in air-side applications. By using algorithms, the control
the peace of mind and comfort they have with this innovative
signal is interpreted into a flow requirement that positions the
product.
valve to provide the correct flow rate at all times. This is even
the case with differential pressure fluctuations and at partial
What are the components of an ePIV?
load.
An electronic PI valve combines a flow sensor with patented
glycol concentration measurement, a high-resolution
Thanks to the innovative control logic in the electronic valve,
actuator and a flow control logic unit in a single device.
very high control accuracy is achieved.
Flow measurement data from the meter can be recorded via
analogue interfaces or digital communication via Belimo MP-
Like mechanical PI valves, electronic PI valves also require
Bus and BACnet or Modbus. This provides valuable data for
a minimum differential pressure to overcome the resistance
your building management system and gives insight into your
of the fully opened valve unit. However, since no internal
hydronic system.
differential pressure controller needs to be activated, the
minimum required differential pressure is typically lower with
an electronic solution. This enables further savings in pump
operation.

Sensor module with control logic

Electronic actuator Flow

Tolerance in %

Flow setpoint
Minimal delta P, mechanical PI valve Differential pressure
Minimal delta P, electronic PI valve Maximal delta P

Abb. 13: Electronic PI valves can typically maintain the flow rate at lower delta P than can
sure
Pres mechanical PI valves.

Supply and return

Flow temperature sensors
Control valve based
on CCV technology

Abb. 12: Belimo electronic PI valve, e.g. an EPIV.

16 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART A Introduction to the Belimo Energy Valve™ – 2 Pressure-Independent Valve Technology 17

2.5 What advantages do electronic 2.6 Optimised pump operation based on

PI valves offer over mechanical PI the position of the electronic PI valves
valves? An electronic pressure-independent control valve automatically adjusts
the valve opening to ensure the flow required by the building automation
Commissioning
system (BMS).
Continuous true flow measurement has removed all the
flow verification frustrations associated with mechanical PI
• Increasing differential pressure across the valve is compensated by
valves, either from an assumed flow using valve position or
reducing the valve opening.
trying to read flow from an external device. By reporting the
actual flow rates to the building management system, there • Decreasing differential pressure across the valve is compensated
is no need for hydronic balancing and therefore no long and by increasing the valve opening.
costly commissioning.

Operation transparency
Product longevity and reliability should go hand in hand.
Control valves, once commissioned, are rarely checked again
during a building's lifetime. Both pressure dependent and
mechanical PI valves can, and often will deviate from design.
This can be either due to the difficulty in adjusting the flow
during commissioning, or due to not knowing whether the
regulator is working correctly in the case of mechanical PI
valves. An electronic valve will always report its flow, ensuring
Abb. 14: Electronic PI valves have a simple flow path,
your piece of mind over the lifetime of the device. A failed
which enables changes in the direction of flow to be
valve will become obvious to an operator and can be alarmed
dispensed with while at the same time significantly
on the BMS, or become an alert on your analytics software.
improving dirt tolerance.

Improved dirt performance

Differential pressure
By eliminating the mechanical differential pressure regulator,
the risk of blockage due to contamination is also considerably
reduced. For example, even with the smallest nominal Flow
diameter of the EPIV, particles with diameters of up to 6 mm
can still pass through the open valve unit.
Valve opening

Abb. 15: Compensation of pressure fluctuations by changing the valve opening.

Pro Tip

Using the data provided from

Energy Valves, you can optimise
this process. Section 5.7 of this
guide explains more.
18 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART A Introduction to the Belimo Energy Valve™ – 2 Pressure-Independent Valve Technology 19

The valve opening as a function of the setpoint and the This innovative control of the pump head enables extremely
differential pressure across the Energy Valve can be read out energy-efficient operation for every load case.
via the BMS. The bad point in the system can be determined
by recording the feedback signals of all of the Energy Valves.
The pump head can be controlled, based on the valve that is
widest open in the current operating state.

Speed
n = 60%

Flow
V' = X

Speed
n = 100%

Flow α = 60° α = 94° Opening angle α = 78°

V' = X

α = 40° α = 70° Opening angle α = 55° BMS

Abb. 18: Optimised operation

BMS
Mechanical vs. electronic PI valve – effects on pump head
In order to ensure a constant flow rate, the differential
pressure across the regulating device of a mechanically
Abb. 16: Compensation of pressure fluctuations
pressure-independent valve is maintained by a pressure-
by changing the valve opening.
reducing valve integrated in the same valve body. Activation of
the integrated differential pressure controller always requires
the same minimum differential pressure. Accordingly, no
pump control can be implemented that is based on the
feedback of the valve position of a mechanical pressure-
independent control valve.

Unlike the use of a differential pressure sensor at the bad

point for pump control, shifting of the bad point in the system 100
Raise the pump head to ensure flow
is therefore not a problem, as it can be easily detected. rate, even when demand increases.
Energy Valve opening at the bad point %

97
Pump control can be carried out, based on the largest valve
opening.
94
Maintain the pump head.
• If none of the Energy Valves are almost completely open, Optimum pump operating point Pro Tip
then the pump head is currently too high. The pump speed 91 for current load case.
can be reduced.
88
• If one or more Energy Valves are completely open,
If you are planning pump control based on the opening of the
then the pump head is currently too low. The pump speed
Reduce the pump head. Energy Valves, you will need a BMS that is able to
must be increased.
communicate quickly with the installed valves, analyse data,
and make control decisions.
Abb. 17: An example of pump control using the Energy Valve
at the bad point.
20 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART A Introduction to the Belimo Energy Valve™ – 3 What is a Belimo Energy Valve™? 21

3
3.1 Main features
The Belimo Energy Valve™ is a smart, pressure-independent control valve Valve communicates its data to the building
for HVAC applications. It is based on Belimo characterised control valve management system (BMS) via Belimo MP-Bus,
technology (CCV), which ensures air-bubble tight shut-off and thus reliably BACnet or Modbus communication. The built-
prevents activation losses. The flow through the valve is permanently in web server makes the Energy Valve easy to
measured with an ultrasonic flow sensor. The sensor measures accurately parametrise and enables clear visualisation of
and incorporates a patented method to detect and compensate for glycol. the valves’ operation in real time. Performance
The accurate flow information is used to electronically compensate for any data is stored for 13 months on the actuator.
pressure fluctuation in the system. In combination with the temperature The Belimo Cloud provides the option of lifetime
sensors in the flow and return, it is also used to measure the energy data.
delivered that is given off via a consumer.

The Energy Valve has integrated power control and Belimo delta T
manager logic for monitoring power and optimising heat exchange by
maintaining a minimum, freely adjustable differential temperature. In
addition to the standard analogue signal and feedback wiring, the Energy

Overview of the most important features of the Belimo Energy Valve™

IoT-ready

What is a Belimo
Measures Controls Ensures optimal
energy Power delta T

Electronically compensates for pressure fluctuations

Energy Valve™? Includes all the advantages of a characterised control valve

Abb. 19: Key features of the Energy Valve solution.

22 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART A Introduction to the Belimo Energy Valve™ – 3 What is a Belimo Energy Valve™? 23

3.2 Energy valve strengths 3.3 Delta T, and why it’s important
CCV strengths Efficiency gains and pump savings
Thanks to its design, the characterised control valve (CCV) has an equal- While the formula for heat exchange is exact, the reality of the buildings’
percentage characteristic curve. This ensures stable control even in the operation is far from exact. Our quest for comfort has made modulating
low flow range. The CCV is also ‘air bubble tight’, meaning it does not control valves and variable air volumes a reality. However, this turns
permit any water to pass through the valve when closed. optimum heat exchange into a moving target, as ideal air volume and
water flow rates are interdependent and non-linear.
Compensates pressure electronically
Using a flow sensor and a modern high-resolution actuator, the Energy The temperature spread between the water entering and leaving a heat
Valve regulates itself to provide the required flow rate. Energy Valves sense exchanger is commonly referred to as delta T. This is a measure of
pressure changes as changes in flow. They react to pressure changes by how much energy the water has given up as it passed through the heat
moving the actuator until the correct flow is achieved, remaining there exchanger. If this is lower than expected, less energy is being given up.
until either another pressure change is experienced, or the required flow This is inefficient because a considerable amount of energy is put into
is changed. the water and a further amount of energy is expended moving the water
around the building.
Measure energy
Flow through the valve is measured continuously using a wet-calibrated, A low delta T also means that too much water is flowing through the
ultrasonic flow sensor. In conjunction with two temperature sensors (flow heat exchanger. The Energy Valve prevents these large amounts of water
and return), the valve measures the energy delivered to the heat exchanger. by throttling the water flow until the heat exchanger delivers the desired
amount of energy. This is a crucial feature of the Energy Valve.
Power control
Not only can the valve measure energy, it can also control it. The control Reducing the flow rates to optimise the heat exchange has significant
signal is converted into a power demand (heating or cooling capacity), impacts on the pumps and the system. For this reason, many district
which makes the valve control independent of all other system parameters heating providers charge users who supply too high a return temperature
(e.g. differential pressure, water temperatures, air-side conditions, etc.). due to the delta T being too small.

Manage delta T Figure 20 shows the pump affinity law, which shows us that the relationship
Delta T is an excellent indicator of the efficiency of the heat exchange. between pump power consumption and flow is cubed. A 30% reduction in
The Energy Valve offers two options for ensuring Delta T: One for fixed flow corresponds to a reduction in energy consumption of around 65%.
supply temperatures and the other for systems with fluctuating supply Abb. 20: Pump affinity law
temperatures. A low delta T is not just about pump power savings either. A delta T that is
too low also has a negative impact on the generation of cooling or heating
Digital-ready energy. A return temperature that deviates from the ideal state, resulting
In addition to the standard analogue signal and feedback wiring, the from the low delta T syndrome, reduces the efficiency of energy generation
Belimo Energy Valve™ can transmit its data to the building management in many cases (e.g. cooling units or condensing boilers).
system (BMS) via Belimo MP-Bus, BACnet or Modbus communication.
The integrated web server facilitates parametrisation of the Energy Valve
and enables a clear visualisation of the operation of the valves in real time.
Performance data is stored for 13 months on the actuator. The Belimo
Cloud provides the option of lifetime data.
24 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART A Introduction to the Belimo Energy Valve™ – 3 What is a Belimo Energy Valve™? 25

3.4 Components of the Belimo Energy Valve™ 3.5 Product range and key specifications

Ultrasonic flow
sensor with
Belimo Energy Valve™
The electronic
temperature
actuator positions Nominal diameter [mm] 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150
and glycol Supply and return
the valve precisely Nominal diameter [in] 1/2 3/4 1 11/4 11/2 2 21/2 3 4 5 6
compensation. temperature sensors
2-way
according to the V′nom [l/min] 25 41.7 58.3 100 166.7 250 480 660 1200 1860 2700
for recording the
characterised
flow requirement. V′nom [GPM] 6.6 11 18.2 28.5 44 100 127 180 317 495 713
differential temperature
control valve
Adjustable maximum water
(delta T).
with air-bubble volume at 100% demand DN 15...50 / DN 25...100 DN 30...100
(V'max) in % of V'nom
tight shut-off
and 0% leakage.

Abb. 21: The components of the Belimo Energy Valve™.

26 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART A Introduction to the Belimo Energy Valve™ – 3 What is a Belimo Energy Valve™? 27

3.6 Belimo Energy Valve™ features

Energy Monitoring Simplified Troubleshooting

7-year warranty
Permanently measures and logs the The on-board web server provides statuses for the connected
energy consumption of the application, If the Energy Valve is permanent- temperature sensors, the flow sensor, and the actuator. It will even Embedded Web Server
the flow rate and the differential tem- Characterised control valve ly connected to the cloud, the tell you if there is too much air in the water. The Energy Valve is also
The embedded web server delivers a single, easy-
perature across the coil. This provides technology warranty period is automatically a useful tool for troubleshooting the overall system and provides
to-understand point of access, which details the
full system transparency. extended by an additional two information regarding flow, supply and return temperature, heating
Improves controllability at par- status of the valve, alarms and warnings. This
years, for a total of seven years. or cooling capacity, etc.
tial load, prevents contamination makes the Belimo Energy Valve™ easy to set up,
thanks to self-cleaning ball techno- commission, and troubleshoot, even for non-
logy and prevents leakage thanks technical personnel.
to air bubble tightness.
Glycol Monitoring
An advanced, patented algorithm determines the
percentage glycol content in the fluid. This enables
Delta T Optimisation and Flow Setpoints
continuous monitoring during system operation.
In addition, energy measurement always takes Optional cloud analysis provides recommended delta T,
place with the correct flow values. Available only flow and power setpoints that can be updated remotely or
for non-MID certified products. automatically to further improve energy efficiency. The
data of the web server can be downloaded.

Power control
The power control redefines the control
Performance reports
possibilities of a control valve. This dynamic
mode provides the only truly linear relationship Key performance indicators are available on the
between control signal and power output. web server and via the field bus and include current
This control mode makes the Energy Valve and historical power data. When connected to the
independent of both the differential pressure cloud, a detailed report with the annual heat energy
and the supply temperature, thereby providing data is generated quarterly.
more comfort and minimising control oscilla-
tions while at the same time increasing system
efficiency.

KPI Data
Delta T manager
Important data such as delta T, flow rate, valve
This function continuously monitors the coil
position, heat transfer, and thermal performance
delta T and compares it to the desired delta T
can be stored on the device for up to 13 months,
setpoint. If the actual delta T falls below the Startup Assistant
and even for its lifetime if connected to the
setpoint for a pre-determined period, the mode
The Belimo Assistant App offers Belimo Cloud.
is activated and adjusts the flow until the delta
simple parametrisation, fast com-
T is at or above the set minimum.
missioning, and programming
Bus communication / NFC options.

NFC and bus communication enable

IoT-ready
the reading of current values and the
Low Minimum Pressure Drop
writing of settings or parametrisation By "opting in" on the web server and opening an outgoing port on your firewall, your
Electronic PI valves typically have a much via handheld tools, BACnet IP / MS/TP, Energy Valves can connect securely to the Belimo Cloud. Doing so offers a wealth of
lower pressure drop that mechanical PI valves, Modbus RTU / TCP/IP, Belimo MP-Bus benefits, including product updates, online technical support, archiving of data, and
and therefore require significantly lower differ- networks and via an integrated web the capability to use our expertise to check your current settings are optimal.
ential pressures to achieve the designed flow. server.
This allows the use of smaller pump types and
energy savings.
28 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART A Introduction to the Belimo Energy Valve™ – 3 What is a Belimo Energy Valve™? 29

3.7 User benefits with Belimo Energy Valve™

System integrators and

Investors / end users Consulting engineers Installer/Mechanical Contractor control contactors Energy Service Company Facility Manager

• Increase the energy efficiency of your •  rovide your clients with an industry-
P •  ave material and labour costs with the
S •  rovide transparent systems that allow
P •  rovide a reliable and proven way to
P •  reas with no flow or insufficient
A
building, reduce operating costs, leading product, proven to save energy Belimo Energy Valve™, which integrates a full visualisation of energy save substantial energy in an HVAC pressures are easily identified before
increase the capital value of the and provide valuable insight into the control valve, a balancing valve, an consumption, through a single, easy-to- system, with a relatively low initial occupant comfort is compromised.
building, and attract better rental yields. operation of the building. actuator, and an energy meter. integrate device. investment.
•  se the data available on the Belimo
U
•  nsure consistent comfort and the
E •  ffer continuous commissioning with
O •  educe the time for water-side
R •  olve your customers' problems with
S •  ave your customers utility and energy
S Energy Valve™ to identify, diagnose, and
availability of peak energy performance minimal costs. commissioning by using a valve that low delta T, reduce the operating costs costs and penalties due to low delta T resolve complex and often intermittent
of your plant all year round. measures the water flow for you. of their pumps, and free up plant values below the agreed level. problems.
•  erform remote flow verification by
P
capacity – all while maintaining
•  nsure that the hydronic circuits are
E checking 100% of the Energy Valves •  educe the risk of late handover by using
R •  ake use of the recommended delta T
M •  onitor glycol content to maintain the
M
comfort.
correctly and continuously balanced installed in a building in the time it the possibility of using simple tools to and flow setpoints via cloud correct glycol concentration and improve
and that tenant improvements or would take to check a single valve. check flow rates earlier in the project. •  educe installation time and complexity
R connection, to save time and to improve overall heat transfer pump efficiency.
occupancy changes do not have a by combining several units into one. efficiency.
•  nsure hydronic balancing under all
E •  olve problems and simplify
S •  educe operating costs for pumps and
R
negative effect on comfort. Commissioning is quick and easy with
operating conditions. troubleshooting with on-board diagnostic •  rovide advanced solutions for clients
P chillers/boilers by increasing the
the help of the setup help.
•  educe the operating costs of pumps
R tools. incorporating cloud-based analytics, to efficiency of the system.
•  implify troubleshooting with 13
S
and chillers/heaters by increasing the •  asily investigate and troubleshoot
E benchmark and optimise system
months of stored data and an easy-to- •  ffer your customers a reliable product
O •  rovide reliable operation and occupant
P
efficiency of the system and preventing local problems with on-board performance.
use Excel tool for visualising it. with an industry-leading warranty for comfort.
operation in the loss range. diagnostics, and system-wide hydronic
complete peace of mind. •  btain graphically illustrated
O
•  nsure full system capacity at peak
E problems using data stored in the •  nsure coils are dynamically balanced to
E
•  ake informed decisions about
M performance reports from each Energy
times and achieve savings for the rest •  implify glycol dosing by using the
S Energy Valve. offer true flow control.
upgrading or replacing equipment Valve with current and historical data
of the year by preventing operation with integrated glycol monitoring of the
based on historical data stored on the •  onitor glycol levels and report them
M on flow rates, energy consumption, •  he integrated web server allows easy
T
excessively low temperature spreads. Energy Valve. This eliminates the risk of
Energy Valve or in the cloud. on BMS. delta T, and other relevant data. troubleshooting to find problems with
overdosing, saves chemical costs, and
•  emove the usual 10% commissioning
R valves or equipment based on 13
•  et the most out of your current plant.
G enables the pump's peak performance •  etermine the planned water flow rates
D
tolerance and reduce pipe work and months of installed data.
Eliminating low delta T syndrome and efficiency to be maintained. and set up the system correctly, even
unnecessary pump head.
ensures that reported capacity when no design data are available. •  uickly and easily check the
Q
•  he support engineers at Belimo are
T
problems are not a result of overflowing •  rovide your clients with a product that
P performance of the heating or cooling
always at hand when you bring your •  he Energy Valve delivers ideal
T
coils or "ghost energy". has an industry-leading warranty, with system by reporting back the actual flow
Energy Valve online. Remote support to information for your cloud analytics
service and support available around rate of the Energy Valves, either directly
•  howcase your building by utilising
S help maintain the product throughout its platform to make better customer
the globe. or via the BMS.
state-of-the-art technology. life is just a few clicks away. recommendations, thus increasing
savings and value for your customers.
 在此模式下，控制訊號直接轉換為閥門位置。 這相當於傳統閥門的壓力相關操作。 這只能在非常特殊的情況下使用
30 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART A Introduction to the Belimo Energy Valve™ – 4 Control Modes of the Belimo Energy Valve™ 31
： a) 在調節過程中，必須確定基本流量 b) 確定閥門所服務的熱交換器的最佳工作點 c) 建立特定流過的流量一段時

4
間，以評估啟用流量控制時可實現的節能效果為什麼要使用此功能？
如果您想確定能量閥將提供的節省，請進行基準測試。 例如，在偵錯過程中，您可以比較系統在位置控制模式下
的能耗與功率控制模式下的能耗。

4.1 Position control

In this mode, the control signal is converted directly into What is required at the valve?
a valve position. This is equivalent to pressure-dependent The Energy Valve is delivered from the factory in flow control
operation as with a conventional valve. This should be used mode. To enable position control, a change in the settings is
only in very specific situations: required. The position control is not pressure-independent
and should be used only for short periods of time.
a) During adjustment, in which a base flow must be
determined Figure 22 shows an equal-percentage characteristic curve
(blue line), and the other lines above represent control
b) To determine the optimum operating point of the heat distortions that can occur when the valve is left in position
exchanger(s) served by the valve control. Energy Valves are physically characterised by an
equal percentage curve. However, in position control mode,
c) To establish flow over a particular period of time, to the valve is not pressure-independent and will most likely
evaluate energy savings achievable when flow control is experience a change in the valve characteristic curve due to
enabled valve authority as shown in the diagram.

Why use this?

For benchmarking if you want to determine the savings
that the Energy Valve will provide. For example, during
commissioning you can compare the energy consumption of
the system in position control mode with the consumption in
power control mode.

100

Percent flow
90

Control Modes
80

70

60

of the Belimo
50

40

Energy Valve™
30

20

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
The Belimo Energy Valve™ offers various control modes. Percent travel
These can be selected during commissioning and changed at any Abb. 22: The distortion of the characteristic curve that could occur if the valve is left in
time in the valve's setting function. position control.
 Belimo能量閥™將流量控制信號解釋為流量設置點。閥門調節以維持所需的流量，使得閥門的物理位置取決於流量和當前的壓
力條件。所需的流量速率自動保持。 這個功能獨特地允許在通常無法利用這個功能的建築物中實現可變流量溫度。例如，在冷卻應用中，如果有一個需要非常精確控制的房間，當
流量控制是一種控制算法，它在控制信號和流量之間建立了一個定義的關係。能量閥將控制信號解釋為通過能量閥的指定流量
32 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART A Introduction to the Belimo Energy Valve™ – 4 Control Modes of the Belimo Energy Valve™
供水溫度上升時，本地流量控制信號區域控制器通常會有一個反應延遲。當啟動功率控制時，能量閥比流量控制信號對供水溫度的上升反應快 33
的0%到100%。在流量控制模式下，控制是壓力獨立的。 得多，從而保持所需的性能，並且如果啟動了，Delta T管理器會防止低Delta T。
為什麼要使用這個功能？
閥門需要什麼？ 由於溫度和壓力的獨立性，功率控制提供了控制閥之前未曾見過的控制穩定性。儘管影響換熱公式的變量發生變化，熱交換器的功率輸出仍然
設計流量速率——這是閥門的最大允許流量速率，也稱為V'max。這個值應該與盤管的設計流量速率值相匹配。 保持不變。理想情況下，你應該在所有地方使用功率控制，但它特別適用於對溫度或性能要求嚴格的應用，否則可變供應溫度將不適用。
圖23顯示了PI閥通常可用的特性曲線以及流量和控制信號之間的關係。圖24顯示了控制特性以及閥門如何在整個壓力範圍內保

4.2 Flow control

持正確流量在允許誤差範圍內的恒定。 Flow control signal

This feature uniquely allows variable flow temperatures Power

Flow rate (V')

The Belimo Energy Valve™ interprets the flow control 100% V'nom in buildings that would not normally be able to utilise this
signal as a flow setpoint. The valve modulates to maintain
function. If, for example, in a cooling application, there is a
the required flow, making the physical position of the valve
room that needs to be controlled very precisely, then there
dependent on flow and current pressure conditions. The
usually will be a time delay before the local flow control signal
desired flow rate is automatically maintained.
zone controller reacts when the water supply temperature
rises. When power control is activated, the Energy Valve
Flow control is a control algorithm that establishes a defined
reacts much faster to a rise in supply temperature than
relationship between the control signal and the flow. The
the flow control signal, so that the required performance is
Energy Valve interprets the control signal as 0 to 100% of
maintained and, if activated, the delta T manager prevents a
the specified flow through the Energy Valve. The control is
low delta T.
pressure-independent in flow control mode. 25% V'max

Why use this?

What is required at the valve?
Being both temperature and pressure independent, power
Design flow rate – This is the maximum permissible flow 100% Abb. 25: Power control of the energy input to a
control offers a control stability not previously seen from a
rate of the valve, also referred to as V'max. This value should consumer.
Flow control signal (Y) control valve. Heat exchanger power output remains constant
match the design flow rate value of the coil.
despite changes in the variables on which the heat exchange
Abb. 23: Flow characteristic in relation to the formula is based. Ideally, you should use power control
Figure 23 shows the characteristic curves typically available

Power
flow control signal. everywhere, but it is particularly useful for temperature-
for PI valves and the relationship between flow and control P'max
critical or performance-critical applications for which a
signal. Figure 24 shows the control characteristics and how
variable supply temperature would otherwise not be suitable.
the valve keeps the correct flow constant within the tolerance
across the entire pressure range.
What is required at the valve?
The following information needs to be considered:

Design flow rate (V'max) – this is the maximum flow rate the
Flow

valve will allow. Maximum flow limiting is still active in power 50%

Tolerance in % control mode.

Maximum design power (P'max) – this is the maximum

Flow setpoint

power the valve will allow.

Pro Tip
50% 100%

Power control signal

V'nom is the maximum flow through the valve,

Abb. 26: Control characteristics in power control mode.
and V'max is design setting. The required
maximum flow in the application (V'max) must Min. delta P Differential pressure Max. delta P
be less than the catalogue value V'nom.
Abb. 24: Control characteristics in flow control mode.

4.3 Power control Pro Tip

The power control is a control algorithm that creates a linear
relationship between the control signal and the power output.
The Belimo Energy Valve™ interprets the control signal in Use the digital settings in the Energy Valve's web required. You can limit the power or give preference
0-100% as the required power output at the consumer. Power interface to set the power control and to adjust or to certain areas.
control outperforms flow control because the function is not limit the coil's power. Use the analogue input signal
affected by air volume, water temperature changes or the to vary the power between the minimum and
characteristics of the heat exchanger. Power control is the maximum of the control signal. Uniquely, you can
only method that provides a truly linear relationship between reduce the maximum power output from the coil if
control signal and heating or cooling output.
34 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART A Introduction to the Belimo Energy Valve™ – 4 Control Modes of the Belimo Energy Valve™ 35

Example of a coil using power control When the delta T manager is active, the overflow 100
Figure 27 shows an example of a 293 kW air handling unit to situation with delta T below the setpoint is 90 11
be monitored. Here it is easy to understand the linearity of detected and the delta T manager takes control. 80 1
power control. If you require 293 kW, which represents 100% Now, the Delta T Manager restricts the flow 70 8.8
Delta T °C Design delta T
of the coil power, then that means that 10 V or 100% of the of the valve to keep the delta T from dropping 60 7.7

Delta T K
control signal is required. If the required power now changes below the setpoint, as shown by the solid red 50 6.6

Flow setpoint (%)

to 30%, this means 88 kW and the required control signal is and green lines. 40 5.5
3 V. 30 4.4
What does a low delta T do? 20 3.3
The excessive amount of water is conveyed by Flow control signal 2.2
10
Flow SW
the pumps. The relationship between flow and 0
Time
power consumption is cubed, so a small flow
saving equates to a big power saving.
Abb. 28: When the demand increases and the flow changes,
293 [1000] Example: AHU power Generation also benefits from the increased the actual delta T starts to decrease.
delta T. Due to an increased flow through the
83 tons ~ 293 kW ~ [1000 kBTU/h] coil
system, the delta T is too small, which leads to a
3 VDC = 88 kW ~ [300 kBTU/h] output lack of power at peak times.
Coil power

220 [750]
100
7.5 VDC = 220 kW ~ [750 kBTU/h] output
Optimising with the active delta T manager via 90 11
10 VDC = 293 kW ~ [1000 kBTU/h] output the heat exchangers increases the efficiency of 80 10
the system. 70 8.8
(P'max) Delta T °C
60 7.7

Delta T K
50 6.6

Flow setpoint (%)

40 Delta T 5.5
88 [300] 30 Manager 4.4
not active
20 3.3
Flow control signal 2.2
10
Flow SW
3V 7.5 V 10 V 0
Time
Power control signal
Abb. 29: If the delta T manager was not active, the flow
Abb. 27: Example of a coil using power control mode.
setpoint drives the demand so high that the delta T falls
Pro Tip below the desired setpoint of 7.7 K.

4.4 Delta T manager 100

The Delta T Manager monitors the delta T across the coil. What is required at the valve? The Energy Valve will throttle the 11
90
When the delta T drops below the setpoint, the delta T The following information needs to be considered: flow down only to 30% of the design Delta T 10
80
flow. This ensures that, even after a flow
manager logic throttles the valve position for lower flow, 70 Delta T °C SW 8.8
V'max – the design flow of the heat exchanger device. downtime, the system will start up
to increase delta T closer to the setpoint. The Energy Valve 60 7.7

Delta T K
therefore offers a simple-to-understand method of reducing Delta T limit value – this is the ideal differential temperature again without any problems. If 6.6
50

Flow setpoint (%)

flows when the water is moving too quickly in order to enable between supply and return. required, the lower limit value of 5.5
40 Delta T
optimum heat transfer. the monitored range can be set Manager 4.4
30 active
easily and quickly using the web 3.3
20
Why use this? Example of fixed delta T setpoint operation server or the Belimo Assistant App. Flow control signal 2.2
10
Flow SW
This mode reduces high flows through your heat exchangers in The diagrams in Figures 28-30 explain the function of the delta 0
Time
situations where the delta T of a heat exchanger falls below the T manager on a valve controlling a cooling coil. The blue line
required setpoint. The delta T manager is best used for fixed represents the cooling demand and the flow setpoint comes
supply temperatures. If you vary your water temperature, you from the flow control signal. The green line is the measured Abb. 30: The delta T manager detects a low delta T, becomes
should consider using delta T scaling (see chapter 4.5). delta T from the coils supply and return temperature. The black active, and reduces the flow to ensure the minimum delta T.
line is the desired delta T value of 7.7 K.
36 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART A Introduction to the Belimo Energy Valve™ – 4 Control Modes of the Belimo Energy Valve™ 37

Case Study 4.5 Delta T manager

scaling
100
Actual
90 delta T (°C) 11
80 Delta T 10
The effect of the Delta T Manager The scaling delta T manager provides an flow
70 8.8

Flow setpoint (%)

A case study was conducted in the HVAC facility of a global Figure 31 shows all operating points (delta T and thermal alternative to the fixed limit value delta T SW
60 7.7
technology company to determine the effects of different load) of the control valve in the three different control modes. manager function explained in section 4.4.

Delta T K
50 6.6
Energy Valve control modes on the heat exchange process After testing and collecting all the data for the generation of
40 5.5
in an air handling unit (AHU) and their effects on energy 211 kW cooling load, the results were as follows. This function automatically adjusts the delta Delta T
30 Manager 4.4
consumption. T limit value to the operating conditions. The active
20 3.3
The conclusion of this study was as follows: valve will allow lower waterside delta T at lower
10 Flow control signal Flow 2.2
For a given power requirement to generate 211 kW cooling A closer look at the diagram shows that the Belimo Energy flows, enforcing stricter delta T as you get closer SW
0
load at the AHU, the Energy Valve settings were varied as Valve™ with the delta T manager enabled requires around to design. The controlled delta T is no longer a Time
follows: 2.5 times less water to achieve a cooling capacity of 211 kW single setpoint, but a band of possible delta T
compared to operation as a conventional control valve. The values, as shown in Figure 32.
Abb. 32: 'Scaling delta T manager' scales the delta T setpoint,
1. Position control - functions as a pressure-dependent ball delta T value increased from about 3 K in conventional control
depending on the current flow rate.
valve. On average 54.5 m3/h to reach 211 kW. mode to 9 K when the delta T manager was used. With the This band of delta T values illustrates the
Belimo Energy Valve™, the performance of the ventilation unit concept of scaling delta T. The flow that results
2. F low control - functions as an electronic pressure- can be optimised without compromising user comfort. in the coil/heat exchanger depends on the
independent valve. On average 32.7 m3/h to reach 211 kW. design. With changing inlet temperatures, flow
A 3rd party company was in charge of analysing the data limit is usually not sufficient and fluctuations
3. F low control with delta T manager - works like an collected during the pilot programme. Although use of the occur in the system.
electronic, pressure-independent valve with delta T limiting Belimo Energy Valve™ has yielded tremendous energy and cost
set to 9 K. On average, 21.8 m3/h to achieve the same load savings of potentially $1.5 million per annum, the real lesson Why use this?
of 211 kW. of this particular test was how the valve could be used as a The higher the supply temperature (for cooling
preventive maintenance tool, and its importance in creating applications), the less energy the chiller needs to
long-term sustainability. introduce into the water. This offers significant
energy savings from the chiller. However, higher
supply temperatures are closer to the entering
air temperature of the heat exchangers, so the
maximum possible energy transfer is reduced,
therefore reducing the maximum delta T
Delta T (K) Control ON Control OFF achievable from the heat exchanger. Delta
20 T scaling helps to find the balance between
economy at the plant during periods of low load,
18 and ensuring delta T is maintained when loads
Delta T manager
are higher.
21.8 m3/h
16
What is required at the valve?
14 Delta T flow saturation value – assuming that
you are unlikely to have any design values,
12
simply enter the planned flow.
Flow control
32.7 m3/h
10
Delta T limit value – this is the ideal differential
temperature between supply and return at
8
design flow. Pro Tip
Position control
54.5 m3/h
6

4
If you want to adjust the supply temperatures to
the demand when delta T scaling is activated,
2
make sure you use the flow control signal to
determine the demand, as all other variables are
0
0 160 170 180 190 200 211 220 230 240 misleading.
kW
Abb. 31: Operating conditions (delta T and load) of the valve in different control modes.
38 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART A Introduction to the Belimo Energy Valve™ – 4 Control Modes of the Belimo Energy Valve™ 39

4.6 Control modes summary

Delta T manager OFF Delta T manager ON

Position Control Position control and delta T manager

The Energy Valve works as a normal pressure The Energy Valve works as a pressure-dependent
position control

dependent valve. The actuator is positioned valve. If the measured delta T is lower than the
based on the flow control signal. Use this only delta T setpoint, the flow will be reduced by the
for troubleshooting or benchmarking purposes. Delta T Manager logic to achieve the setpoint,
regardless of the control signal Y.

Note: Only the delta T manager can be selected

for position control. The scaled delta T manager
Y Signal controls the valve position, as long is not available.
Y Signal controls the valve position as the delta T is above the delta T setpoint

Pressure-Independent Flow Control Pressure-Independent Flow Control

The Energy Valve works as an EPIV (Electronic and Delta T Manager
Pressure-Independent Valve). The valve The Energy Valve works as an EPIV. However, if
responds to all pressure changes and positions the measured delta T is lower than the delta T
Flow rate

the actuator to maintain the flow setpoint based setpoint, the flow will be reduced by the Delta T
control

on the flow control signal. Manager logic to achieve the delta T setpoint,
regardless of the control signal Y.

Y Signal controls the flow, as long as the

Y Signal controls the flow delta T is above the delta T setpoint

Power Control Power Control and Delta T Manager

The Energy Valve adjusts flow to maintain the The Energy Valve adjusts flow to maintain the
thermal power setpoint. If the measured coil thermal power setpoint. If the measured coil
power control

power is below setpoint, flow will be increased. power is below setpoint, flow will be increased.
If the measured coil power is above the setpoint, If the measured coil power is above the setpoint,
the flow will be decreased, as long as the defined the flow will be decreased, as long as the defined
V'max value is not exceeded. V'max value is not exceeded. If the measured
delta T is lower than the delta T setpoint, flow will
be reduced by the Delta T Manager logic and this
will override the thermal power control setpoint.
Y Signal controls the thermal power
Y Signal controls the coil thermal power setpoint, as long as the delta T is above
setpoint (BTU/h or kW) the delta T setpoint
40 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART A Introduction to the Belimo Energy Valve™ – 4 Control Modes of the Belimo Energy Valve™ 41

4.7 Belimo Energy Valve™ as an IoT device

A Belimo Energy Valve™ can be easily integrated Your data, where you want them. Optimisation of delta T and flow settings.
into a BMS. The Energy Valve can also be As your Energy Valve data are already securely The data stored in the Belimo Cloud can be used
connected with the Internet. By integrating uploaded to the Belimo Cloud, your other to determine optimal flow and delta T setpoints,
the Energy Valve into the Belimo Cloud, users preferred cloud-based services can be given and can automatically set the valve for efficient
can create their own account and benefit from permission to access your data stored at Belimo. operation or report the settings to the user. With
numerous free services. For example, you get full We are working with hundreds of organisations, the online form, as shown in Figure 34, the user
transparency about the energy consumption of big and small, to ensure it’s easy for them to can send a request to Belimo to optimise the
the cooling and/or heating power supplied by the make use of your data, should you request it. delta T and flow settings.
Energy Valve. Data is accessible from anywhere
with an internet connection. Access to the Belimo
online services also allows you to request the
recommended individual settings for all the
Energy Valves you own, and our servers base
that recommendation on your valves individual
historical data. As you’d expect, your data is
encrypted and stored for the lifetime of the valve,
or until you ask us for it to be removed.
Abb. 34: Online form to
request the optimisation of
The connection of the Belimo Energy Valve™ to
delta T and flow settings.
the Belimo Cloud offers many advantages.

Abb. 35: Once logged in,

a series of services are
available to the registered
users.

Abb. 33: Simple login procedure to

the Belimo Cloud and access to the
Energy Valve digital platform.
42 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART A Introduction to the Belimo Energy Valve™ – 4 Control Modes of the Belimo Energy Valve™ 43

Performance reports Online support Software upgrades Increase warranty to 7 years Lifetime data access
Upon request, a quarterly performance report Being connected to the cloud gives the user the Any firmware or software upgrades If an Energy Valve is online and With online Energy Valves, the
is prepared and sent electronically to the possibility to get online technical support, such can be directly sent to the Belimo connected to the Belimo Cloud, most important operating data are
owner of the Belimo Energy Valve™. The report as a personal live view of the valve operation Energy Valve™. The settings the warranty for that valve will stored permanently in the Belimo
contains important information about the and settings. Giving Belimo access to your data allow for automatic download automatically be increased from 5 Cloud. On request of the owner
operation of the Energy Valve. Energy usage and on a request-by-request basis allows quicker or notification with download on years to 7 years. of the valve, this data can also be
comparative analysis over previous years, along and more accurate diagnostics of the valve, and command. Just like your mobile deleted.
with operational data and possible errors in the confirmation that the settings for the application phone, the Energy Valve can always
system is included. are correct. be updated with the latest safety
and performance improvements.

Abb. 38: Overview of the Energy Valves.

Abb. 37: Device overview (online)

for technical remote control.

Abb. 36: Example of

a performance report of the
Belimo Energy Valve™.
44 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART A Introduction to the Belimo Energy Valve™ – 4 Control Modes of the Belimo Energy Valve™ 45

4.8 Belimo Digital Ecosystem 4.9 Energy Valve settings

Figure 39 gives an overview of the Belimo Digital Ecosystem, which applies
to all current and future Belimo devices that are, or will be, IoT ready.
Flow control Flow control
The Energy Valve is one of Belimo’s devices that can be connected to a
Position control Flow control DT fixed DT scaling Power control
BMS and/or to the Internet. The internet connection can be direct (via IP
connectivity) or indirect (via a technician’s mobile phone). Connected V’max – Design flow rate Design flow rate Design flow rate Design flow rate
Belimo IoT devices will communicate with the Belimo Core Cloud, in which
all essential data of an installed device is securely stored.
P’max – – – – Design power output

Client Application Programming Interface (API)

With explicit permission of the device owner, 3rd party IoT companies Delta T limit
– – Fixed Scaled Fixed
can be given access to data from devices connected to the Belimo Cloud settings
through a Client API. This allows for an easy and seamless integration of
Belimo device data to any other building IoT solution. Delta T limit Calculated delta T Calculated delta T Calculated delta T
– –
value for coil for coil for coil

Flow rate in connec-

Delta T flow tion with the delta T
– – – –
saturation value limit value or design
flow V'max

Despite pressure fluc-

Despite pressure tuations in systems,
fluctuations in this mode ensures In this mode, the
Despite pressure
systems, this mode the correct amount valve regulates
Third-party fluctuations in
Pressure fluctuations ensures the correct of water at all times, based on power
application systems, this mode
Influence will directly impact amount of water at even in the partial output requirements,
ensures the correct
of the valve the flow through the all times, even in the load range. Moreover, independent of
amount of water at
valve partial load range. In compliance with pressure, flow, and
all times, even in the
addition, compliance a minimum delta temperature
partial load range.
with a fixed minimum T under dynamic fluctuations.
delta T is ensured. operating conditions
is ensured.

Real-time flow, Real-time flow, Real-time flow, Real-time flow, Real-time flow,
Data
temperatures, and temperatures, and temperatures, and temperatures, and temperatures, and
collected
power output power output power output power output power output

Pro Tip

Abb. 39: Belimo Digital

Flow control already offers many advantages such as For existing buildings, it is recommended to operate
Ecosystem overview.
pressure independency. the valve for a short period of time to collect data and
determine the correct values for flow saturation and
You can take the control to the next level by using the the new delta T values. Data collected during this
power control. Energy valves are the only control period can be used to optimise coil performance.
valves that offer a truly linear response between
flow, control signal, and heat exchange performance.
You can go even further by selecting a delta T
management option.
46 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART A Introduction to the Belimo Energy Valve™ – 4 Control Modes of the Belimo Energy Valve™ 47

4.10 Summary of features and benefits of the Energy Valve

Feature Benefits

Air-bubble tight valve Circulation and energy losses are prevented.

Excellent resistance to contamination and smooth operation even

Self-cleaning ball valve
after a long time in closed position.

High resolution actuator Improved controllability even at low load.

– Quick and safe valve selection according to flow rate

Pressure-independent – No calculation of flow coefficient (Cv/Kv)
– Ideal room comfort due to the right flow rate at all times

Automatic and permanent hydronic Fast commissioning, no balancing valves or measuring stations
balancing needed.

– Delta T management by experts from Belimo

– Transparency due to regular performance reports
– Remote maintenance and diagnostics
Connection to the Belimo Cloud – Support via Belimo Cloud
– Free software updates
– Data storage over the entire life cycle
– Extension of the warranty to 7 years

Compact size Maximum efficiency in space and design freedom.

Variable V’max setting Maximum flexibility in planning, installation, and accommodation.

Pressure independent flow rate due to

Simple commissioning without time-consuming hydronic balancing.
dynamic balancing

Accurate flow measurement Real-time flow-rate information.

Continuous measurement provides certainty of glycol concentration

Gylcol Measurement – an interface to the BMS can be used for alerts in case of concen-
tration deviations.

Five functions: Measurement, control, dynamic balancing, shut-off

All-in-one solution
and energy monitoring.

Temperature and differential pressure-independent power control

Power control
at a coil.

– Prevents low delta T syndrome

– Prevents an increased flow through the coil/
Delta T manager
heat exchanger with a too-small delta T
– Efficient operation of pumps and heat generator or chiller

– Full system transparency shows potential for optimisation

Recording of all system data from the – Changes in system performance are detected
past 13 months – Helps preserve value of the entire system
– Aids with system troubleshooting

NOTES
48 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART A Introduction to the Belimo Energy Valve™ – 5 Feature Overview of the new Belimo Energy Valve™ 49

5
5.1 Key features at a glance

Thermal energy meter Belimo Energy Valve™ 4

Certified energy metering with MID approval Energy monitoring

The thermal energy meter meets the requirements The Energy Valve accurately measures and records
of EN1434, and has type approval according to the the thermal energy supplied to the coil. The logged
European Measuring Instruments Directive data helps identify optimisation potential.
2014/32/EU (MI-004).

Energy cost billing Automatic balancing

Thanks to compliance with EN 1434/MID, the Hydronic balancing is no longer needed, thanks to
meters can be used for billing energy consumption the pressure independent flow control of the valve.
with tenants. This is mandatory in many countries.

Power control
Digitally supported workflows By measuring the temperature and flow rate, the
The Belimo Assistant App guides you Energy Valve regulates the heating or cooling power
through the setup process. supplied to a coil in accordance with the setpoint.

Power over Ethernet (PoE)

The devices can be connected with one standard Delta T Management
PoE/Ethernet cable that provides power and data An integrated logic prevents the occurrence
transmission. of the low delta T syndrome and thus ensures
maximum comfort with the lowest possible energy
consumption.

Feature overview
Simple integration
Using BACnet/IP and MS/TP or Modbus TCP and €
RTU, the thermal energy meter can be integrated Glycol measurement and compensation
directly into the building management system. No Belimo's patented glycol measurement and
extra communication gateway is required. compensation guarantees precise energy

of the new Belimo

measurement at all times. With MID certified
heating power measurement, where glycol is not
IoT-based billing
permitted, an alarm is triggered upon detection
Thanks to the integrated web server, the thermal
presence of glycol.
energy meter can be securely connected to the

Energy Valve™
Belimo Cloud. From there, authorised third-party
billing platforms can access the available energy data
and use it for tenant billing.

In 2021, Belimo launched a completely new generation (4) of Energy Valves

in sizes DN 15 to DN 50. This new Energy Valve product range includes a certified
thermal energy meter with a number of highly innovative features. The thermal
energy meter also contains the logic for controlling the connected CCV valve,
which is available both with and without fail-safe. The certified meters are also
available as 'standalone' devices, without the valves.
50 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART A Introduction to the Belimo Energy Valve™ – 5 Feature Overview of the new Belimo Energy Valve™ 51

5.2 Generation overview 5.3 Reliable certified metering,

Since its release in 2013, the Energy Valve's functions and performance enabling IoT-based billing
have been continuously expanded. The following table shows the
development over time over four product generations. High-quality measurement
Belimo thermal energy meters use ultrasonic time-of-flight technology, and
are dirt-resistant, wear-free, and able to detect air in the water, as well as
offering very precise measurement by using a fast measuring cycle. Our
multi-point wet calibration of each individual meter during production
ensures high accuracy across the entire flow measurement range.
Belimo Energy Valve™ generations
Multi-application device
1 2 3 4 Belimo Thermal Energy Meters are designed as multi-application devices,
i.e. they can be used as heat meters, cooling meters or combined heat/
Release Date 2012 2014 2017 2021
cooling meters. They can be installed either in the return or the supply
of heat exchangers. The application and installation positions are made
Internal thread DN 15...50 available to the valve during commissioning via a smartphone and the
Belimo Assistant app or via a laptop and the integrated web server.

Certified energy metering

Belimo’s certified thermal energy meter models meet the requirements
Flange DN 65...150
of EN1434, and have type approval in accordance with the European
Measuring Instruments Directive 2014/32/EU (MID). This certification
is mandatory in many countries if the meter data are used for billing
Control mode Position
purposes. They provide validated data for billing purposes that can be
Flow used for direct billing. The thermal energy meters are approved according
to MID for heat metering in pure water systems. Due to MID requirements,
Power
no glycol may be used in the system. Accordingly, an alarm is issued by the
Delta T manager Fixed device if glycol is detected in the water.
Scaled
Accurate thermal meters without certification
Belimo cloud Glycol in a hydronic system can falsify the measurement of thermal energy
NFC Assistant App by up to 30%. Meters from Belimo (non-MID version) offer the possibility of
precisely measuring thermal energy quantities, even in hydronic systems
Gylcol Measurement with glycol. The glycol compensation automatically compensates the
MID Approval influence on the flow rate measurement. In addition, the substance data
used for the output calculation are determined correctly at all times, thanks
to the integrated glycol measurement.

Simplified energy billing

The thermal energy meters and the Belimo Energy Valve™ are designed
for remote reading and IoT-based billing. Authorised users can access
the measured energy data, either via the bus (BACnet, Modbus, MP-Bus
or M-Bus) or via the meter's IoT interface in the Belimo Cloud. From there,
the metering data can be made available to other authorised platforms.
This gives building operators maximum flexibility in their choice of energy-
billing service providers. These important data can be used for various
other applications.
52 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART A Introduction to the Belimo Energy Valve™ – 5 Feature Overview of the new Belimo Energy Valve™ 53

5.4 Digitally supported commissioning 5.5 Seamless integration of metering data

workflow with a totally open approach
Simple commissioning and activation through NFC Easy integration to the BMS or metering systems
The NFC interface (Near Field Communication) on the thermal energy Connectivity has always been an important feature of our products. The
meter enables easy commissioning, parametrisation, and maintenance Belimo Energy Valve™ and the thermal energy meter supports a number
via smartphone. With the Belimo Assistant App, devices can be configured of building automation protocols (BACnet IP and MS/TP, Modbus TCP
intuitively, and the final configuration and activation is securely logged. and RTU, Belimo MP-Bus, and M-Bus via a converter). Parallel operation
Optionally, your smartphone can act as a gateway for the devices to the of BACnet IP or Modbus TCP with M-Bus (with converter) is also possible.
cloud, where the settings are stored for the entire life of the device. The key Bus communication can also be used for monitoring, controlling and even
performance indicators (KPIs) of a meter or valve, which are also visible overriding when using an analogue signal to control the Belimo Energy
in the app, make it easier to determine the status of the device and thus Valve™.
ensure reliable operation in the long term. Pro Tip
Troubleshooting using NFC
Our devices provide numerous diagnostic parameters to the Assistant
app via the NFC interface, so you can see how the app interacts with Should it be required,
the system during operation. This makes it your tool of choice for NFC can be ermanently
troubleshooting. As an added benefit, you can get direct support for your disabled.
device by using your smartphone to upload your devices’ data to the cloud.
With your permission, Belimo engineers can look at the data and help with Power over Ethernet (PoE)
your troubleshooting. The Belimo Energy Valve™ 4 and the thermal energy meter are the first
Belimo products to offer PoE connectivity. This allows the device to be
Connected, secured, and working for you – what a cloud connection powered, and the data to be transmitted simultaneously with one single
can do Ethernet cable. This simplifies installation, avoids wiring errors and
In addition to the usual integration of meters and Energy Valves into a BMS eliminates the need for a local power supply.
(via BACnet or Modbus), they can optionally be securely connected to the
Belimo Cloud. The cloud connection offers access to all stored data as Integration into any building IoT platform
well as other functions to users who are authorised by the device owner. Belimo's IoT-enabled products, such as the thermal energy meter and the
For example, when requested, our servers can analyse historical flow and Belimo Energy Valve™, can optionally be connected to the Belimo Cloud
temperature data for recommending the ideal delta T setting, allowing for and from there to other authorised, third-party IoT platforms for buildings
an even more energy-efficient operation. Online software updates ensure or energy analysis applications. You or your customers can benefit from
that the device is always up-to-date and secure. the possibilities of a networked digital ecosystem.

• Take full control of your data

Modular design – makes re-calibration and replacement easy
The thermal energy meter consists of two main parts, the sensor module • Implement effective optimisation and energy saving strategies
with the connected temperature sensors and the integrated calculator in buildings
on the one hand, and the logic module with the NFC interface and all the
• Reduced maintenance costs
connectors for the external power- and bus-wiring on the other.
•  lways vendor independent, allowing you to select any BMS and energy
A
The sensor module is available as a spare part and must be replaced billing providers, and change them later
periodically for recalibration in certain countries according to national
• Transparency and secure data access throughout the entire life cycle
regulations. When this is the case, only the lower sensor module needs
to be replaced. The upper part with the complete electrical installation
remains connected and no new integration work is required. This is a
significant labour saving in the maintenance cycle of the meter.
Abb. 40: All wiring is to the logic
module, allowing the EN1434/MID
sensor module to be recalibrated
without disturbing the wiring.
54 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART A Introduction to the Belimo Energy Valve™ – 5 Feature Overview of the new Belimo Energy Valve™ 55

5.6 Available Belimo thermal energy 5.7 Total system optimisation

meters with the Belimo Energy Valve™
The new thermal energy meters from Belimo are currently available in sizes If you plan to use Energy Valves throughout the building, you will have a lot
Abb. 42: An Energy Valve
DN 15 to DN 50. Depending on the application and national regulations, of data, and that data can be used to help provide building optimisation.
that does not meet its flow
MID-approved or non-MID-approved Thermal Energy Meters are available With all the products on the market, it can often be challenging to design
requirements and has
from Belimo. The energy meters with MID approval meet the requirements a holistic system that enables genuine energy savings. Several data points
insufficient differential
according to EN 1434 and have a type approval according to the European from the valves are required to use the energy-saving strategies described
pressure.
Measuring Instruments Directive 2014/32/EU (MID). This is mandatory for in this guide. Therefore, a bus connection is required and the implemented
heating applications in many countries, ie. most of the member states of network should be able to deliver data to the building management
the EU, where the measured energy data is used for direct billing or heat technology in a timely manner.
cost allocation to tenants.
Common Problem: Pump optimisation using mechanical PI valves
Thermal energy meters without MID approval can used in all heating or Mechanical PI valves have a regulator or diaphragm that alters the
cooling applications where no tenant billing is foreseen, or in countries pressure drop across the valve. This constant adaptation of the valve Cv/
where no mandatory codes on energy cost billing exist. This type of Kv ensures perfect valve authority, but also means that the valve positions
meter is particularly useful in cooling systems where the systems are to are not related to the pressure drop of the circuit.
be operated at sub-zero temperatures, and therefore work with water-
glycol mixtures. In this case, the thermal energy meters automatically and A typical solution involves using pressure sensors to control pump
continuously measure the glycol content of the fluid, and compensate it to speeds, detection of pressure changes caused by movement in valves or
ensure that the thermal energy can always be measured reliably. diaphragms, and pump speeds altered accordingly. However, positioning of
these sensors is troublesome. If the sensors are placed close to the pump,
the decreasing pressure drop in the pipes is not taken into account during
Abb. 43: An Energy Valve
partial load operation. This results in too great an increase in pressure.
that meets its flow
When placing the sensors far away from the pump, the problem arises
requirements and has a low
that the bad point in a system often shifts during partial load operation.
differential pressure.
Undersupply to consumers is possible.

Solution: Pump optimisation using electronic valves

As there is no diaphragm, the position of an electronic valve is an indication
of flow and pressure. A valve with a small opening angle indicates that
Abb. 41: Thermal energy meter from Belimo. the differential pressure is higher than necessary. A valve in a fully open
position is unable to satisfy the current flow requirement with the available
pressure.

Since Energy Valves automatically compensate for excessive differential

pressure across the valve, the system can be readily optimised. With the
help of a BMS, which collects and checks all control signals from the Energy
Available Belimo thermal energy meters Valves, the line can be identified according to which the pump optimisation
for the current operating point is to take place. For optimisation, the pump
compensation
Autom. glycol

pressure can be reduced until the Energy Valve has typically reached an
EN1434/MID
according to
Glycol alarm

opening degree of 90%. Now the pump delivers just enough pressure so
Approved

Nominal
Display

that the Energy Valve can also ensure the required amount of water at the Abb. 44: An Energy Valve
diameter
Version Type code DN 3
Nominal flow [m /h]
bad point. that meets its flow
requirements and has a
high differential pressure.
With meter display 22PEM
15...50 1.5...15
Without meter display 22PE Now, if the bad point in a building changes, whether due to a change of
season, changes or extensions to the hydronic system or the behavioural
pattern of the occupants, you will be ready for it.
56 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART A Introduction to the Belimo Energy Valve™ – 5 Feature Overview of the new Belimo Energy Valve™ 57

primary side, the water flows via the hydronic deflector. Most
modern systems are variable flow on both sides, however,
legacy systems have a fixed speed primary. When a system
Problem: Secondary energy savings due to short circuit of is to be optimised, we often focus on the secondary part, but
Primary Side Secondary
the primary circuit by the hydronic deflector only optimising the primary part (i.e. in energy production) Side
Hydronic systems are often split into two, a primary circuit increases the efficiency of the system.
serving the main plant, and a secondary circuit that carries
the energy out to the consumers. This is necessary because Possible solution: Monitor the flow through the hydronic
the heating/cooling system needs a minimum flow. If the deflector and the delta T of the primary part with an Energy
secondary side flow is below the minimum flow of the Valve
By monitoring the flow over the hydronic deflector, the BMS
Abb. 46: Simple representation of a primary/secondary circuit
can be programmed to prevent unwanted flows via the
10% 80% 32% 18% 5% with a hydronic deflector.
hydronic deflector. For example, you can allow the cold water
reset to take the thermal index valve to 100% opening, or you
can lock the index valve. You could even elect to overflow
a number of valves to ensure the secondary flow remains
above the primary minimum.

If there is a flow via the hydronic deflector when there should

not be, an alarm can be sent so that the cause can be
checked.
Primary Side Secondary
Side

Abb. 45: The largest thermal load is at the valve with the widest opening.

Abb. 47: An Energy Valve that monitors the temperature

spread of the primary part and the flow via the hydronic
deflector.

Pro Tip

If your pipelines of the hydronic deflectors

are very large, you can install a thermal
energy meter in the secondary return.
This is usually smaller in size. A control
damper can be installed in the hydronic
deflector. Most chillers report the flow
through the meter so that the total flow
can be compared with the secondary
return. It requires a few separate
components, and a bit more setup, but
delivers significant energy savings.
58 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART A Introduction to the Belimo Energy Valve™ – 5 Feature Overview of the new Belimo Energy Valve™ 59

5.8 Belimo Energy Valve™

The new generation of Belimo Energy Valve™ 4 are currently available in
sizes from DN15 (1/2”) to DN50 (2”). For larger nominal diameters from
DN 65 (2.5") to DN 150 (6"), the Energy Valve 3 is available. These offer
the same basic functions such as electronic pressure-independent flow
FEATURES
control, power control, delta T management, and IoT connectivity. There are
product variants for 2-way or 3-way applications and with or without fail- •  ensors for measuring the
S
safe. Depending on the desired application, the requirements according to temperature spread, the flow
EN 1434 are fulfilled thanks to a type approval according to the European rate, and thereby the power
Measuring Instruments Directive 2014/32/EU (MID). Glycol compensation and the energy
ensures precise measurement at all times.
•  egulation of the valve position,
R
flow or power, for optimal
operation of the heat exchanger

•  utomatic compensation of
A
differential pressure changes at
full and partial load

•  bsolute tightness in the closed

A
position, thanks to ball-valve
technology

• Ready for IOT-based billing

•  imple setup and parame-

S
trisation with the Belimo
Assistant App

•  eamless integration in the

S
building management system
via bus communication

• 
Device can be powered and data
can be transferred directly via an
Ethernet cable (PoE)
Abb. 48: The Belimo Energy Valve™ 4.

Available Belimo Energy Valves™ 4

compensation
Autom. glycol

EN1434/MID
according to
Glycol alarm

Approved

Nominal
Display

diameter Adjustable flow

Version Type code DN V'max [l/min]

2-way EV..R2+BAC

EV..R2+KBAC
15...50 6.3...288
EV..R2+MID

3-way EV..R3+BAC

Energy Valves sized DN65 to DN150 are available as Belimo Energy Valve™ 3 NOTES
1
PART B Evolution of Control Valves Quick Selection of
Valve Control Mode
Based on our application experience, we suggest

Belimo Energy
setting your Belimo Energy Valve™ as shown in the
table below. Details can be found in the examples
on the following pages.

Valve™ HVAC
Applications
initial setup
expert choice

er

er

er
selection

ag

ag

ag
l

an

an

an
ro
(if power demand is known)

a ol
a ol

in T l
a l lt a r o
m

m
nt

lt t r
lt t r
ro

T
Sc de nt
co

de n
de n
nt

h co
h co

h co

g
on

co

w er
w low

w ow
ti
Control mode

ow

ge
w
si

Fl
it

it

Po
it
F
Po

Pa
Fl
Part B of this guide presents a selection of common HVAC applications where the
Belimo Energy Valve™ comes into use. After a short description of each application, 1 Air handling unit 62
common reasons for poor efficiency or performance are identified. It explains how
the Energy Valve can be used to address these problems and which control modes District heating or cooling/plate
2 70
and settings are recommended for optimal performance. heat exchanger

3 Fan coil 76
Note that this application guide is only a general guide on using the Energy Valve
and does not replace the work of a professional engineer.
4 Chilled beams 84

5 Heating/cooling changeover 90

Distribution and
6 94
delta T management
Computer room air-conditioning
7 100
unit

8 Central heating system 104

9 Monitoring chillers and heat pumps 110

62 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART B Belimo Energy Valve™ HVAC Applications – 1 Air Handling Unit 63

1
1.1 Application description
An air handling unit (often referred to as an AHU) is a machine AHUs are at the heart of these systems. They provide the supply
used to prepare and circulate air as part of a heating, ventilation, air in the required quantity and quality. An AHU may include
and air-conditioning system. Ventilation and air conditioning the following air handling stages: Air delivery, filtration, heat
systems significantly contribute to ensuring comfort in rooms recovery/cooling recovery, heating, cooling, humidification, and
and providing healthy air. In addition, sensitive processes and dehumidification.
production facilities place high demands on the room climate
and indoor air quality.

Abb. 49: Schematic of an air handling unit (AHU)

Icon Job function Component Icon Job function Component

- Prevent entering out- Damper - Transport supply air Fan
door air - Transport extract air
- Prevent damage when
the system is switched
off

- Filter outdoor air Air filter - Preheat outdoor air Heat exchanger
- Filter supply air - Heat supply air Air heater
- Filter extract air - Reheat supply air

- Reduce sound distri- Sound attenuator - C ool supply air Heat exchanger
bution - Dehumidify supply air Air cooler

- Recover heat Heat recovery system (HRS) - Humidify supply air Humidifier
- Recover energy
Plate heat exchanger
Rotary heat exchanger
Run-around coil system

Air handling unit

- Adiabatic humidifica- Humidifier
tion
and cooling of extract
air
- Add recirculation air Damper
64 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART B Belimo Energy Valve™ HVAC Applications – 1 Air Handling Unit 65

1.2 Common problems in 1.3 Applying the Belimo Problem: Low delta T syndrome
If a heating or cooling system is operated with an excessively
ventilation and air-conditioning Energy Valve™ high water flow, this cannot be converted into a higher • N o increase in power
output
applications
Delta T
heating or cooling capacity. The carrier fluid cannot transfer • Reduced delta T
Problem: Differential pressure fluctuations in the hydronic Power Output Q*
the energy, resulting in a reduced delta T. This results in the • Reduced efficiency
system lead to an unwanted change in the heating or
In practice, many air handling units cannot ensure the desired low delta T syndrome, a clear indicator that too much water is
cooling output. This in turn leads to discomfort in the areas
air conditions in the building at all times. Furthermore, being pumped in the system. Another negative effect is that
supplied with air.
problems that arise during the operation of the ventilation too much pump current is needed and the efficiency of the Heat
During operation, the demand for cooling or heating power in
and air-conditioning system lead to a deterioration in the system suffers as a result. exchanger
a building changes frequently. As a rule, the maximum power saturation
efficiency of the overall system.
according to which the system was designed is not required.
Solution: Delta T Manager
•  ifferential pressure fluctuations in the hydronic system lead
D However, hydronic balancing when using pressure-dependent
The delta T manager, integrated in the Belimo Energy Valve™,
to an unwanted change in the heating or cooling output. This valves is implemented precisely for this rarely occurring full-
is a function that continuously measures the temperature Flow
in turn leads to discomfort in the areas supplied with air. load case. The differential pressure ratios change in part-load
spread and compares it with the system-specific limit value.
operation. This is additionally reinforced by the reciprocal Abb. 51: Low delta T syndrome
•  versized or improperly balanced pressure-
O If it falls below this, the Belimo Energy Valve™ automatically
influence of the hydronic consumer circuits. This results
dependent valves lead to unstable control, as a slight valve adjusts the flow so that only the amount of water actually
in pressure fluctuations in the system, which can lead to
movement leads to large changes in the output delivered. needed to achieve the desired power is used. As a result,
performance fluctuations on the heat exchangers and thus to
the integrated logic prevents the occurrence of low delta T
•  educed air volumes at partial load lead to water flow rates
R discomfort.
syndrome and ensures maximum comfort with the lowest • N o increase in power
that are not matched to the heat exchanger characteristics.
possible energy consumption. Delta T output
Solution: Dynamic balancing of the hydronic system. Power Output Q* • Reduced delta T
•  he performance of heat exchanger coils can decrease over
T
By using the Belimo Energy Valve™, the flow through the • Reduced efficiency
time due to damage or contamination. Summary of the main Energy Valve benefits in an AHU
valve is permanently measured and pressure fluctuations are
application
•  iverting circuits with 3-way valves cause water to flow
D compensated for immediately. This maintains the transfer Operation in the
directly from the supply to the return at zero or partial load. behaviour of the heat exchanger at a constant level and •  ynamic balancing by the Belimo Energy Valve™ ensures
D saturation zone
detected and
This has a negative effect on the differential temperature makes hydronic balancing unnecessary. Belimo recommends the correct amount of water at full and partial load
prevented by
between the flow and return. This in turn has a negative using Energy Valves in all air heaters and air coolers in AHUs,
•  eciprocal influence between valves is eliminated, due to
R Lower delta T
Delta T Manager
effect on the efficiency of cooling or heating generation. as they can detect, display, and compensate for pressure
the dynamic balancing limit value
fluctuations and temperature changes in the system.
•  he power control provides an identical heating or cooling
T Flow
output for each control signal
Abb. 52: Improved energy efficiency with the Energy
•  he Energy Valve's monitoring functions provide full system
T Valve™ delta T manager enabled.
transparency (flow, temperatures, heating or cooling
capacity) with data recording and optional archiving in the
Belimo Cloud

• Pump optimisation is possible via the valve position

Flow

Tolerance in %
Flow setpoint

Min. delta P Differential pressure Max. delta P

Abb. 50: Dynamic balancing ensures an accurate flow rate.

66 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART B Belimo Energy Valve™ HVAC Applications – 1 Air Handling Unit 67

1.4 Application example

The indoor air system with variable air volume 3 bar [43 PSI] 7 °C Fig. 56 now shows that the air volume 2.7 l/s [43 GPM]
3 bar
shown in Figure 53 supplies a number of VAV requirement has decreased. This also reduces [43 PSI] 7°C
2 bar [29 PSI] 14°C
units with cooled air. Because of the high the need for cooling power. The delta T of the 2 bar [29 PSI] 9°C
3.0 l/s [45 GPM]
outside air temperature, a high air volume and a water circuit is now only 2 K. The flow rate of 2.7
high cooling capacity are required. Accordingly, l/s is still too high to increase the delta T to the
the water volume through the cooling coil Supply Air design value of 7 K.
Exhaust Air 18.1°C Supply Air
controlled by the control valve is close to the 2,500 Pa Exhaust Air 18.2°C
design water volume. The built-in delta T manager of the Belimo Energy 2,500 Pa
Outdoor Air Valve™ detects that the delta T is too small and
Extract air
Due to a decreasing cooling demand in the 36°C starts to close the valve to the preset value of 7 K. Outdoor Air
36°C Extract air
building, the VAV units reduce the air volume.
This is done by reducing the damper position As can be seen in Fig. 57, the delta T manager
accordingly. The increasing static pressure Abb. 53: AHU at design operation. reduced the flow until the delta T of 7 K was
leads to a reduction of the fan speed. reached. Now the heat exchanger only requires Abb. 56: AHU without valve overflow.
a flow of 0.8 l/s.
Fig. 54 shows how the flow across the valve
0.8 l/s
increases to 3.5 l/s. This happens because heat 4 bar [43.5 PSI] 7 °C [13 GPM]
3 bar
exchanger valves in other air handling units 7°C
2 bar [29 PSI] 9°C [43 PSI]
close in the hydronic network and the pressure
2 bar [29 PSI] 14°C
is distributed to other systems. The delta T of 3.5 l/s [55 GPM]
the heat exchanger drops to 2 K.
Supply Air
Fig. 55 shows the same AHU with an Energy Exhaust Air 18.2°C Supply Air
Valve installed, which is operated at high outside 2,500 Pa Exhaust Air 18.2°C
2,500 Pa
air temperatures and thus drives the system
close to the design values. Outdoor Air
Extract air
36 °C Outdoor Air
Extract air
32°C
During the day, the AHU starts to handle the load
in the room. The VAV units reduce their damper
Abb. 54: AHU with valve overflowing.
position and the fans reduce their speed,
Abb. 57: AHU with delta-T-optimised flow rate.
resulting in a reduction in requested power.

While the outside temperature is still high, the

3.0 l/s [45 GPM]
controller keeps the valve open and requires 3
3 bar [43 PSI] 7°C
l/s.
2 bar [29 PSI] 14°C

Supply Air
Exhaust Air 18.2°C
2,500 Pa

Outdoor Air
36 °C Extract air

Pro Tip
Abb. 55: AHU at design operation.

The Energy Valve does not require the

installation of control loops/control valves
or additional temperature sensors and flow
sensors – it is all included in a single product.
68 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART B Belimo Energy Valve™ HVAC Applications – 1 Air Handling Unit 69

1.5 Success story achieved in the facility was approximately 14.5 °C. After the
Energy Valves were installed, discharge air temperature as
Belimo Energy Valves™ play an integral role in Land O’Lakes,
low as 11°C was observed.
Inc. corporate facility upgrade
Founded in 1921, Land O’Lakes, Inc. is one of America’s premier member-
Benefits
owned cooperatives. Its members include 3,200 direct producers and
1,000 affiliated cooperatives, which together represent more than 300,000 • I ncreased pumping efficiency and reduced energy
agricultural producers in more than 60 countries. consumption. Land O’Lakes, Inc. was able to achieve an
average of 15 percent less kiloWatt usage in July and
The Land O'Lakes Inc. headquarters consists of several buildings, the two August.
largest of which are a four-storey, 12,500 m² office building and a two-
•  he intelligent use of Energy Valve feedback data to
T
storey, 5,000 m² R&D building/analytical research laboratory. The two
control pumps with variable frequency
buildings, constructed in 1980, provide space for around 1,100 employees.
drives allowed for more precise control of the cold water
circuit without compromising the cooling capacity of the
The majority of the headquarter's chilled water needs are handled by a
Abb. 58: Office building, retrofit and energy air-conditioning units during peak periods.
single, closed loop that is driven by a central chilling plant. The plant has
savings of 15%.
Pro Tip
two 1 MW centrifugal chillers (2 MW in total). A total of six air handling units •  iagnostic capabilities allowed for visibility into individual
D
(AHUs) are responsible for handling the cooling load at the headquarters – buildings and cooling coil performance, which helped
four in the office building and two in the R&D building. When examining make projections regarding future energy consumption.
the operation of HVAC systems and equipment to identify where efficiency With the setting of delta T scaling
could be gained, Land O’Lakes, Inc. energy officials uncovered a costly for the delta T manager, the
problem in the cooling coils of the ventilation system. Much of the time, designed flow, V'max, can be
delta T across the coils was lower than its design specifications. In entered at the point "DT flow
addition to increasing electricity costs due to over pumping, this resulted in saturation value".
sub-optimal heat transfer and significant inefficiency at the building level. By installing the Energy Valves and improving
After conducting a thorough review of piping, valves and instrumentation, the building infrastructure, the responsible
officials concluded that in order to solve the problem, various infrastructural persons at Land O'Lakes, Inc. aimed to have the
improvements would have to be made. They then began the process of temperature of the recirculated water deviate
searching for a solution, which eventually led them to the Belimo Energy only slightly from the design temperature of
Valve™. the chillers. In doing so, the amount of flow
required to provide cooling to the building Ramsey Co. Arden Hills 3,200 direct producer 300,000 agricultural
Minnesota, United States members producers 1,100 employees
Customer Requirements: Save energy, improve occupant comfort and would be substantially reduced, and energy
enhance operational visibility consumption at the central chilled water plant
The following objectives were formulated for the retrofit: could be decreased. In addition, the responsible
employees use the diagnostic capability of
1. Increase delta T in chilled water coils to their design specifications and
the Energy Valve to gain improved insight into
achieve energy savings through increased pumping efficiency
the operation of the cooling system and, in
2. Improve occupant comfort, particularly in the summer months particular, to determine the specific power per Land O'Lakes, Inc. was looking to upgrade Constructed
3.  ain visibility into the operation of air handlers and chilled water coils.
G
ventilation system. their facilities in order to increase efficiency
and reduse energy consumption. 1981
In recent years, the chilling plant had been unable to adequately cool the
Results
facility. Energy officials at Land O’Lakes, Inc. wanted to determine if that
The supply of cold water via the Energy Valves
was due to insufficient chilling capacity or inefficiency at the building
was monitored over a period of 31 days. The
level
corresponding data were recorded for the
numerical evaluation of the impact on the
The Solution: Belimo Energy Valve™ chilled water system.
After various meetings with a Regional Application Consultant (RAC) of To summarise, the data collected from the six Belimo Energy Valve™

Belimo Americas, Land O’Lakes, Inc. made the decision to install Belimo Belimo Energy Valves included in this study 2x 350-ton
Centrifugal chillers
Energy Valves™ on all six of the AHU’s chilled water coils (AHU-1 through indicate a potential flow saving of 6,210,964 6x AHUs
to AHU-6). These were to replace the outdated, pneumatic 3-way valves gallons of pumped water over the time period,
installed when the facilities were originally commissioned in 1980. As from June to August. Measurements also show
part of the project, all cooling coils in the ventilation systems were also that the valves had increased delta T closer to
replaced and improvements were made to the piping. New motors and the design specifications of the chilled water
frequency converters were added for more precise control of the chilled plant, resulting in optimal heat transfer and more
water circuit. Two Energy Valves were also installed on the heating coils to efficient chiller operation. In previous years, the Abb. 59: Land O’Lakes retrofit
Energy savings of Energy monitoring via 135,000 sq ft & 56,000 sq ft
supply heat to the R&D buildings. lowest extract air temperature that could be roughly 15% web server 12,542 m2 & 5,202 m2 project infographic.
70 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART B Belimo Energy Valve™ HVAC Applications – 2 District Heating or Cooling / Plate Heat Exchanger 71

2
2.1 Application description
Plate heat exchangers are often used to separate primary and secondary
circuits in HVAC systems. Those circuits may have different medium or
static pressure conditions. Flow can take place in direct flow or contraflow.
Heat exchangers are extensively deployed in tall buildings to reduce the
gravitational pressures provided by large water columns. Plate heat
exchangers are also very common in district heating and cooling, or in load
circuits, to heat potable hot water with a boiler.

Abb. 60: Heat exchange station

2.2 Schematic

District heating or
cooling / plate heat
exchanger Abb. 61: Supply side (green) and consumer side (blue).
72 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART B Belimo Energy Valve™ HVAC Applications – 2 District Heating or Cooling / Plate Heat Exchanger 73

2.3 Common issues in buildings, and how Typical design problem: Low transmission power and low delta T
syndrome
the Belimo Energy Valve™ addresses them A traditional setup plate heat exchanger will have an energy meter and a
conventional balancing valve controlling the maximum flow through the
Problem: Incorrect direction of flow through heat exchangers
heat exchanger.
Sometimes flow directions through the heat exchangers have not been
chosen correctly, as shown in Figure 62. As a consequence, the heat
However, as Figures 66 and 68 show, pressure fluctuations on the primary
transfer capacity is reduced.
side lead to oversaturation of the heat exchanger, resulting in a low delta T
and a lower heat exchange performance.
Solution: Contraflow design
The two figures below show two possible flow installations, while the
contraflow setup shows much better heat transfer. It results in larger delta
T, and therefore higher energy efficiency, as shown in Figure 64.

The Energy Valve is able to recognise false flow directions. If this is

detected, an alarm will be sent to the BMS, and this can be discovered
during commissioning.

WRONG CORRECT CORRECT SATURATION

12 °C 14°C 10°C 14°C

Primary Side Secondary Side Primary Side Secondary Side Primary Side 6°C 7°C Secondary Side Primary Side 6°C 9°C Secondary Side

1.0 l/s 1.5 l/s

Abb. 62: Cooling transfer station connected in direct current. Abb. 64: Cooling transfer station connected in contraflow. Abb. 66: Typical design flow (cooling application). Abb. 68: Overflow caused by pressure fluctuations.

Secondary side Secondary side

Temperature

Temperature

Temperature
Secondary side Secondary side
14 ºC supply 14 ºC supply
supply supply

∆ 𝒗𝒎 ∆ 𝒗𝒎 ∆ 𝒗𝒎
Secondary Side Primary Side
Secondary side Secondary side
Return Return
Secondary 7 ºC return Primary side 9 ºC return
12 ºC
Temperature

∆ 𝒗𝒎 Primary side 10 ºC
Side supply return
Primary Side Return
Return

Primary side Primary side 6 ºC Primary side 6 ºC

water flow return supply
Primary
side supply

Heat transfer path Heat transfer path Heat transfer path Heat transfer path

Abb. 63: ∆ϑm average differential temperature for direct flow. Abb. 65: ∆ϑm average differential temperature with contraflow. Abb. 67: ∆ϑm average differential temperature with design flow. Abb. 69: ∆ϑm mean differential temperature with saturation.
74 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART B Belimo Energy Valve™ HVAC Applications – 2 District Heating or Cooling / Plate Heat Exchanger 75

Possible solution: Dynamic balancing 2.4 Success story

By replacing the traditional balancing and control valve with a WRONG
The Tennessee State Office Building reduced
pressure-independent valve, we solve the problem of pressure
district energy chilled water usage by 49% by applying the Belimo
fluctuations in the system. This is a step forward, but still
Energy Valve™.
requires the use of multiple devices, including a separate 12 °C 14°C Founded in 1939, Jones Lang LaSalle (JLL) is one of the world’s premier
thermal energy meter, as shown in Figure 70.
commercial real estate firms. The company is an industry leader in
property and integrated facility management services, with a portfolio of
Better solution: Dynamic balancing with delta T monitoring
Primary Side Secondary Side 4.6 billion square feet [427.4 million square meters] worldwide.
As shown in Figure 71, we use a single Energy Valve to
dynamically balance the system, monitor energy consumption 1.0 l/s [15.8 GPM]
6 °C 7 °C Since its inception, JLL has been committed to delivering value to its
for billing, and record the delta T achieved.
occupants and stakeholders, by putting sustainability at the heart of
its services and operations. In Nashville, Tennessee, an example of this
This reduces the number of devices to be installed and
commitment produced positive results. The company was able to improve
simplifies the installation.
energy efficiency by using the modern functions of the Belimo Energy
Abb. 70: Dynamic balancing.
Valve™ to reduce chilled water usage in multiple buildings.
Problem: Fouling and deteriorating delta T
Abb. 72: Tennessee State Office Building.
Most heat exchangers suffer from fouling on one or both
Facilities and Project Overview
sides of the circuits. Minor contamination on one side impairs CORRECT Citizens Plaza stands in the heart of Downtown Nashville. The Class A,
the thermal energy transfer and reduces the delta T.
275,000 square feet [25,550 square meters], 15-storey office building
12 °C
was constructed in 1984, and houses multiple Tennessee governmental
Solution 1.0 l/s [15.8 GPM]
14°C
agencies. During a typical workday, it has anywhere from 800 to 1,200
The heat exchanger characteristics can be displayed with
occupants.
the aid of the data recorded by the Energy Valve. A change
in this characteristic over time can now be detected easily
Citizens Plaza receives its chilled water and steam from Metro Nashville After close communication between JLL and
and quickly. Appropriate measures can be taken to maintain Primary Side
Secondary Side District Energy System, which is located nearby on the Cumberland Belimo regional field consultants, Citizens Plaza
energy efficiency.
6 °C 7 °C River. Cold water from the plant enters the building at a temperature of underwent a pilot project installation with three
4.4 °C. As part of the contract, return water is to be not less than 12.5 °C, 2-inch [DN 50] Energy Valves; one each on the
corresponding to a delta T of 8.1 °C. Any water that leaves Citizens Plaza 2nd floor, 5th floor, and 14th floor. The scope
below the contracted delta T results in a thermal inefficiency charge. When of work comprised a mechanical valve change-
JLL took over the management of building operations, the return water out without any control system modifications.
Abb. 71: Dynamic balancing with power characteristic temperature was as low as 6.7 K, and this lingering problem needed a The installer removed the old globe valves
monitoring. solution. and installed the new Energy Valves. With
these measures, cold water consumption was
"At Citizens Plaza, we were experiencing high utility thermal inefficiency reduced by 49% and the penalties for too low
charges from Metro Nashville District Energy System due to low delta T delta T values were eliminated.
and over-pumping,' said Chad Lovell, Operations and Safety Specialist at
Pro Tip 1 JLL. “We were pushing water too fast through the building and not getting
sufficient thermal transfer. Initially, the delta T was between 2.3 to 4.5
K. Before JLL took over the contract, the building was incurring thermal
inefficiency charges of $12,000 to $13,000 every month. It was obvious
that we needed a strategy to increase delta T to reduce our chiller water
Since heat exchangers tend to get dirty over usage."
time, it is good practice to oversize the plate
surface by a factor of two. Limiting the The Solution
maximum transmitted power with power To solve Citizens Plaza’s low delta T syndrome and reduce thermal
Using the Belimo Cloud, you can remotely
control prevents overloading the heat efficiency charges, JLL turned to Belimo.
reduce power delivered by the Energy Valve
exchanger. This system delivers the right
should non-payment become an issue. The
performance from the start and over a longer "On our first visit to Citizens Plaza, we verified what we already knew: The
integration of Energy Valves into a BMS or the
period of time and is very tolerant of ageing and structure was a Class A office building with air-conditioning units on each
Belimo Cloud can also be used for intelligent
prolonged maintenance intervals. In portable floor," said Kevin Leathers, District Sales Manager at Belimo. “As is often
"load shedding" onto specific consumers or
water circuits with hard water, scale can build the case in older buildings, the air handlers, globe valves, and coils were
sections, and even enable a temporary reduction
up in the heat exchanger, reducing or blocking oversized. We had all the original drawings and realised pretty quickly that
of a building's total cooling capacity, e.g. in
the flow rate over a period of 3 to 4 years. the Energy Valve was a perfect candidate for lowering chilled water usage
times of high electricity tariffs.
and optimising the flow through the coils and ventilation systems."
76 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART B Belimo Energy Valve™ HVAC Applications – 3 Fan Coil 77

3
3.1 Application description
A fan coil unit (FCU) heats or cools the air inside a space.
A built-in fan draws the air into the FCU and through a heat
exchanger for temperature conditioning. The air coming out
of the FCU is either cooler or warmer than before. FCUs will
generally have a chilled water coil for cooling, and either a hot
water coil or an electric element for heating. In commercial
applications, fan coil control varies widely, from a thermostat
that simply opens and closes a valve to flow-controlled
devices that infinitely vary the air volume and modulate the Abb. 73: Fan coil
valves.

3.2 Schematic
The following figure shows a typical application in a room with
two fan coil units. The supplied thermal output is controlled
by one Energy Valve each. The use of Energy Valves offers
the following advantages:

•  ynamic hydronic balancing (in any load condition) of the

D
water flow, achieved by the pressure-independent control
valve

•  ased on the valve positions of the Energy Valves in a

B
building, the pump speeds can be optimised in such a way
that just enough pressure is
generated to cover the bad point

•  ull system transparency (flow rate, temperatures, cooling/

F
heating capacity, etc.) with data recording on the Energy
Valve or optionally in the Belimo Cloud

Fan coil Abb. 74: Typical fan coil application in a single room, with one Belimo Energy Valve™ per fan coil.
78 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART B Belimo Energy Valve™ HVAC Applications – 3 Fan Coil 79

3.3 Common problems with fan coils, and Typical design problem:
Poor performance and low delta T syndrome.
how the Belimo Energy Valve™ addresses As shown in Figure 76, an FCU is commissioned with the
them following values: The design water flow is set to 0.11 l/s [1.74
23 °C 180 l/s
GPM] with air entering the unit at 23 °C. 1 bar 12 °C
Problem: Low power due to different air flows and water pressures [382 cfm]
[14.5 PSI]
For optimum heat exchange and occupant comfort while remaining ener- As the system reacts dynamically after a short time, the
gy-efficient, fan coils require good control of air volumes and water flow pressure in the system increases due to changes elsewhere
2 bar 6°C
rates. However, manufacturers of FCUs often only publish flow require- in the hydronic system. In this particular FCU, the pressure
[29 PSI]
ments for maximum load conditions. Optimum water flow is unknown rise caused the FCU flow to be excessively high, thus reducing
when the air volumes are set by the user or the controller. Furthermore, the delta T and decreasing the efficiency of the heat transfer. 0.11 l/s [1.74 GPM]
when using valves that are not pressure-independent, differential pressure
fluctuations in the hydronic system also affect the flow rate through the During this time, an occupant in the room may find the airflow Abb. 76: FCU at design operation.
fan coil unit and thus the heat or cooling energy supplied to or removed annoying and set the fan speed manually to low. When the
from the room. room temperatures rise, the valve is opened further by the
controller until the air is no longer able to extract energy
Possible Solution: Dynamic balancing with mechanical PI valves from the heat exchanger. This results in the return water 23°C 180 l/s
Reciprocal influence with several consumers is eliminated due to the temperature being cooler than expected. 1 bar 7°C [382 cfm]
dynamic balancing. Dynamic balancing is carried out automatically for [14.5 PSI]
each operating point. Water flowing too fast causes a low differential temperature
(delta T). This not only affects this unit, but also reduces the 3 bar 6°C
capacity of the chiller, and the excessive flow is significant at [43.5 PSI]
the point of use for the pumps, now 0.14 l/s [2.2 GPM], as
shown in Figure 77. 0.14 l/s [2.2 GPM]

Abb. 77: FCU with valve overflowing.

Possible solution:
Mechanical dynamic balancing with PI valve.
In Figure 78 we see the same FCU working as expected.
The flow rate is set to 0.11 l/s [1.74 GPM] with an inlet air
temperature of 23 °C. Even if the pressure increases from 2 to 23°C 180 l/s
Flow

1 bar 12 °C [382 cfm]

3 bar, the flow rate does not increase. [14.5 PSI]

Flow rate inaccuracy is vastly improved and offers some

plant savings, but not as accurate as an electronic valve. The 2 bar 6°C
Tolerance in % [29 PSI]
user's adjustment of the fan speed still affects the optimal
heat exchange, resulting in low delta T and poor cooling 0.11 l/s [1.74 GPM]
Flow setpoint

conditions.

Abb. 78: FCU at design operation.

Better solution:
Dynamic balancing and delta T manager.
Figure 79 shows the same FCU working as expected. The flow
rate is set to 0.11 l/s [1.74 GPM] with an inlet air temperature
of 23 °C.
Minimal delta P Differential pressure Maximal delta P
Again, the system delivers a pressure increase due to
changes in other locations. The electronic flow sensor in the
Abb. 75: Dynamic balancing of a FCU.
Belimo Energy Valve™ detects the increase in flow before the
room sensor can register an increase in room temperature.
This allows the valve to close slightly to avoid reaching the
saturation zone.

When the FCU is kept at low fan speed again, room

temperatures rise. The valve is commanded further open
by the controller, which would have resulted in the air being
unable to remove any more energy from the heat exchanger.
The Energy Valve's delta T manager detects the decreasing
80 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART B Belimo Energy Valve™ HVAC Applications – 3 Fan Coil 81

delta T and overrides the control signal so that the valve

cannot be opened any further. This prevents the differential
temperature from being too low and avoids the reduction in
efficiency associated with it.
7°C 0.11 l/s 23°C 180 l/s
[1.74 GPM] [382 cfm]
The Energy Valve continuously measures the flow and
calculates whether or not compensation is required, based
on the control signal input and the delta T manager setpoint.
The delta T manager reduced the flow to ensure that the heat 6°C
exchange is optimal for the air volume set by the user, as
shown in Figure 80. This saves pump energy and permanently
optimises the system.
Abb. 79: FCU without too much water.

Energy Valve solution: Dynamic balancing, power control,

and delta T manager.
In the age of easily controlled EC/DC fans, variable air volume
FCUs represent one of the most energy-efficient methods of 12 °C 0.04 l/s 23°C 180 l/s
air-conditioning a room. However, the control of the fan speed [0.63 GPM] [382 cfm]
as a function of the valve position is a matter of debate.

When set for power control, the Energy Valve provides a fully
linear response, which means that fan speeds can be directly 6°C
linked to the valve output. This considerably simplifies the
control.
Abb. 80: FCU with delta-T-optimised valve flow.

Pro Tip

Choose your fan coil setup carefully. It is

recommended that the fans pull the air over the
coil instead of blowing through the coil in order
to maximise the exchange of heat.

Contraflow coils maximise the possible heat

exchange by reversing the flow of water against
the direction of airflow, to reach highest possible
delta T.

NOTES
82 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART B Belimo Energy Valve™ HVAC Applications – 3 Fan Coil 83

Belimo solution
The 1,100 Belimo valves were specified by Arif & Bintoak
Consulting Engineers and include Pressure-Independent
Characterised Control Valves (PICCV), Electronic Pressure-
Independent Control Ball Valves (EPIV) and Energy Valves.
All PICCV's were pre-calibrated. These valves are able to
control a complex cooling system with 45,461 litres of water
throughout the building. The time savings resulting from
the solution with EPIVs and Energy Valves offer significant
added value over alternative concepts. The time required to
commission the system played a decisive role for installers,
as delays would have resulted in a contractual penalty
according to the terms of the contract. By using the Belimo
Energy Valve™, the system is not only energy-efficient thanks
to the recording of all data, but also provides the building
services with further optimisation potential. With the Belimo
electronic pressure-independent valve (ePIV), it is easy to
adjust the maximum flow rate, and thanks to 'air bubble tight',
Abb. 82: The supply of the fan coils is equipped with
closing characterised control valve, no leakages are possible.
the Belimo Energy Valve™.
The valves thus allow the system to be controlled with easy-
to-install, versatile, transparent, and safe products.

Customer Benefits

•  he Belimo Energy Valve™ ensures control of

T
the flow and thus the power of the heat
Abb. 81: Marriott-Hotel Al Jaddaf in Dubai. exchanger and monitors the delta T value.

• Easy selection without kvs calculation

3.4 Success story •  ignificantly reduced operating costs from the

S
beginning of the project and throughout the
Five stars for energy efficiency at the Marriott Hotel Al Jaddaf Project requirements
entire life of the system.
The Marriott Hotel chain opened a new, extra-class hotel experience
• Adhering to the project schedule was crucial.
in Dubai, UAE on January 15, 2014. With its brilliant design and perfect •  asy integration of the measuring, control, and
E
location in Al Jaddaf, this five-star hotel has an abundance of thoughtfully •  he customer wanted to use pressure-
T regulation technology.
configured amenities. These include luxurious guest rooms and suites with independent valve technology to avoid
•  ngineers avoid complex individual
E
extensive automatic features to help guests relax. Amenities include luxury oversizing or undersizing and to ensure
measurements at the design stage, and gain
bedding, marble bathrooms, high-speed Internet access, and flat-screen maximum control options and efficiency
greater peace of mind that the system will
TVs, while also providing views of the Dubai skyline. The hotel offers 352 benefits.
operate correctly from the beginning.
luxury guest rooms and 128 hotel apartments. Belimo's products were able
•  he products used should not require any
T
to be implemented efficiently and enable a sustainable and maintenance- •  he Facility Manager is able to control the
T
maintenance or subsequent calibrations.
friendly operation of the systems. hotel efficiently from the BMS dashboard.
•  lexibility in adapting to the actual system
F
•  he equal-percentage flow characteristic leads
T
Initial situation conditions on site was also important.
to better system controllability. The constant
The Marriott Hotel has been equipped with pressure-independent
flow rate considerably reduces the rotary
characterised control valves and modulating actuators for all fan coil units
movement of the actuators, which causes
supplying the guestrooms. The EPIVs were installed for the air-conditioning
much less wear on the valve assembly.
units that supply the kitchen and common areas. The Energy Valves
maintain a constant delta T value and were used for the heat exchangers
that supply the swimming pool. BMS installer, Johnson Controls, carried
out the overall integration of the units into the BMS using the Metasys
platform, thereby providing easy control of the Marriott's building services.
84 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART B Belimo Energy Valve™ HVAC Applications – 4 Chilled Beam 85

4
4.1 Application description
A heating and/or chilled beam is a convection HVAC system
designed for heating and/or cooling rooms, as are typically
used in open-plan office buildings. The pipes are led through a
"beam" (a heat exchanger), which is either directly integrated
into a suspended ceiling or hangs below the suspended
ceiling of a room. There are two types of chilled beams in use
today: A passive beam cools the air around it and creates a
natural convection current whereby the cooled air falls down
and warmer air rises up to replace it, thus cooling the room.
Active chilled beams are widely used as well, and use air from
Abb. 83: Ceiling-integrated chilled beam with air and
an AHU to induce additional airflow over the beam.
chilled water supply.

The principal challenge with this application is the control

of the water temperature and flow rate, assuring that the
surface temperature of the beam does not fall below the dew
point of the space.

Preheat Cooling Zone 1 Passive chilled beams

Coil Coil Fan

Zone 2 Active chilled beams

4.2 Schematic
Figure 84 shows a schematic diagram of a chilled beam
application with an Energy Valve. This provides the following
control functionality:

•  ccurate measurement of the flow rate as well as of the

A
supply and return temperature

• Monitoring and control of thermal power of the unit

•  ermanent hydronic balancing of the water flow with

P
changing system pressures and in every load condition

• Optional integration of a dew point sensor switch

Chilled beams Abb. 84: Chilled beams in a multi-zone system.

86 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART B Belimo Energy Valve™ HVAC Applications – 4 Chilled Beam 87

4.3 Common problems in chilled To prevent condensation on the chilled beam in the room,
the humidity of the air supplied to the units, and/or the
beam applications and how the temperature of the cooling water must be adjusted to the
Belimo Energy Valve™ solves them dew point in the room.

Problem: Pressure fluctuations affecting flow rates and comfort The cold water supply line must be insulated diffusion-tight.
Large chilled water systems are inherently dynamic and exhibit pressure A condensate sensor is installed on a short, uninsulated pipe
fluctuations caused by changes in pump speed and valve position. section in front of the unit. The supply water temperature is
Statically balanced systems, as the name implies, are not able to handle controlled using this sensor.
these dynamic changes and as a result, the flow rate through each unit
fluctuates with the pressure changes. If condensation is detected, two control strategies are
Abb. 86: Condensation of humid air on the cold possible:
Possible solution: Dynamic balancing coil surface. The supplied cold water must be
1. The supply temperature is increased, resulting in a variable
The dynamic balancing function of a pressure-independent valve handles above the dew point in the room to prevent
supply temperature to prevent condensation. A negative
pressure fluctuations in the system, and assures that the flow is maintained condensation.
side effect is that the possible cooling effect of all
on the defined setpoint.
subsequent chilled beams is reduced, but the water flow is
still permissible at the design level.
Problem: Condensate forming on the chilled beam
Low water temperatures and insufficient humidity control can lead to 2. The branch water supply flow is reduced with the control
condensation on the chilled beam and subsequently cause costly damage The supply air into the room and the valve of each subsequent chilled beam. Depending on the
to furniture and office equipment. However, conservative supply water circulating air out of the room flow through floor and piping layout, a central dew point sensor per unit
temperatures can result in insufficient cooling capacity. the heat exchangers of the chilled beam. may be required.
The indoor dew point must be kept below
Solution: Early detection of low supply temperatures the surface temperature of the chilled beam
with the Belimo Energy Valve™ coil to prevent condensation from forming.
With the more accurate and responsive flow sensor of the Belimo Energy
Pro Tip
Valve™, systems are able to detect and shut off water flows before The primary air system in the AHU serves to
condensate forms on the chilled beams. balance the latent thermal load and usually
keeps the indoor dew point at or below 13
Reliable data from both the space and the water temperatures is the key °C to prevent condensation.
to maximising chilled beam performance, while minimising the risk of The recommended
condensate forming. Furthermore, the temperature of the indoor air temperatures
water supplied to the beam is usually kept and air humidity values
A humidity or temperature sensor can be used to measure the air between 14 °C and 16 °C, sufficiently above (maximum values) as
conditions and adjust the control accordingly. the dew point of the room. well as the recommen-
ded cold water tempera-
tures can be found in the
local standards.

For smaller cooling

loads in the room or
large cooling surfaces,
the cold water tempera-
Abb. 87: Belimo 22HH-100X, condensation switch. tures can be increased
Flow

by a few degrees
(e.g. up to 18 °C).
Tolerance in %

It should still be possible

Flow setpoint

to maintain sufficient
cooling in the room. By
doing so, dehumidifi-
cation can be carried out
in an energy-saving
manner.

Min. delta P Differential pressure Max. delta P

Abb. 85: Dynamic balancing of a chilled beam.

88 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART B Belimo Energy Valve™ HVAC Applications – 4 Chilled Beam 89

50
10 % φ relative Feuchte / relative humidity 20 %
4.4 Application example
Typical design: 1 bar 17°C
Poor performance due to high flow [14.5 PSI]
In Figure 89, a Chilled Beam is not working as expected. The
30 % water flow should be 0.12 l/s [1.9 GPM], with a delta T of 3 2 bar
[29 PSI] 14°C
°C and a differential pressure across the circuit of 1 bar [14.5
Air condition 1
PSI]. However, due to the pressure changes in the system,
Θ: 35 °C 0.15 l/s [2.2 GPM]
40 delta P increases from 1 to 2 bar [14.5 to 29 PSI], and different
h: 45 kJ/kg
40 % loads are needed. The chilled beam receives 25% more water
x: ~3.6 g/kg Abb. 89: Chilled beam with a pressure-dependent valve.
than planned. This results in poor comfort in the ambient and
φ: 10 % RH Air condition 2 lowers the efficiency of the heat transfer.
Θ: 29 °C
h: 50 kJ/kg
ΔΘ: 6 °K

PI Valve: 0.12 l/s

x: 8 g/kg Dynamic balancing to avoid overflow [1.9 GPM]
φ: 30 % RH 60 % 1 bar
As shown in Figure 90, the use of the mechanically pressure- 18°C
30 [14.5 PSI]
independent valve PIQCV guarantees the design flow of

g
/k
0.12 l/s [1.9 GPM], even if pressure fluctuations occur in the

kJ
2 bar 14 °C
system. This results in better control and comfort.

:5
80 % [29 PSI]
Δh
Energy Valve: Dynamic balancing, delta T manager, and
Δx: 4.4 g/kg data transparency. Abb. 90: Chilled beam with a mechanical PI valve.
100 %
The Energy Valve maintains the flow at 0.12 l/s [1.9 GPM]
20 60 regardless of pressure fluctuations, as shown in Figure 91.
Adiabatic line It also monitors the delta T across the coil and provides all
(Constant enthalpy) important data on flow, temperatures and energy to the BMS.
5 bar 0.12 l/s
Wet-bulb temperature
[72.5 PSI] [1.9 GPM]
With the help of the data provided by the Energy Valve, many
40 h spezifische Enthalpie / specific enthalpy [kJ/kg] other functions are available, such as early detection of likely
condensate problems.
9 bar 18°C
10 [130 PSI]
As shown in Figure 91, the Energy Valve is on the same
Dew point
Isothermal network as the sensor and the BMS logic. The BMS monitors 14°C
(Constant temperature) the water supply temperature and calculates the dew point
based on the relative humidity and temperature data provided Abb. 91: Chilled beam with an Energy Valve.
20
by the room unit.

The BMS detected that the temperature of the entering water

0 has reached the dew point and closes the valve to prevent
10 Calculated
condensate from forming on the device. 10 °C
dew point
Saturation line
Lowest entering
11 °C
temperature

0
0.12 l/s [1.9 GPM]

-10
16°C
temperature [°C]
t Temperatur /

-10
10°C

Abb. 92: Chilled beam with an Energy Valve, for which the
0 5 10 15 BMS calculates the dew point using data from a room
x Wassergehalt /
water content [g/kg] sensor.

Abb. 88: The dew point depends on the air temperature and the air humidity.
90 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART B Belimo Energy Valve™ HVAC Applications – 5 Changeover Heating/Cooling 91

5
5.1 Application description Pro Tip
Heating/cooling changeover systems are usually used where
it is too expensive to lay double-routed pipe systems to each
consumer or where it is expected that heating or cooling will
be required throughout the building at any one time. With a
Choosing the right valves for the
single set of pipes, the terminal can either heat or cool.
change between heating and
cooling is important. Globe valves
Ordinarily, it is expected for the space to have some form
typically have a certain amount of
of backup heating (typically electric elements), to use when
leakage water passing through the
the system is in cooling and only when a few zones require
valve, even when closed. This
heating.
causes hot water to leach into cold
water or vice versa. In both cases,
Changeover systems are suitable for:
energy is lost.
• Fan coil units

• Chilled beams

• Cooling ceilings

• Floor heating (mostly in residential buildings)

Problem: Pressure fluctuations affecting flow
rates and comfort
Large chilled water systems are inherently
5.2 Schematic dynamic and exhibit pressure fluctuations
caused by changes in pump speed and valve
Figure 93 shows a simplified representation with a single
position. Statically balanced systems, as the
terminal unit. However, using Energy Valves instead of
name implies, are not able to handle these
standard control valves allows consulting engineers to use
dynamic changes and as a result, the flow rate
the more cost-effective 2-pipe design and still achieve the
through each unit fluctuates with the pressure
same level of comfort as with 4-pipe systems. Energy Valves
changes.
can be updated with different flow and delta T setpoints for
cooling and heating, i.e. the BMS can control the same valve,
Possible solution: Dynamic balancing
depending on the requirement.
The dynamic balancing function of a pressure-
independent valve compensates for pressure
fluctuations in the system and ensures that the
flow is maintained at the specified setpoint.

Chiller

Summer
Supply
Winter

Change Over Valves

Room
air-condition-
ing
fan coil

Heating/cooling
Central Plant

Summer
Return
Boiler Winter

changeover Abb. 93: 2-pipe changeover system

with an Energy Valve for optimum
comfort in summer and winter.
92 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART B Belimo Energy Valve™ HVAC Applications – 5 Changeover Heating/Cooling 93

5.3 Common problems in 5.4 Application example 2 bar

[29 PSI]
12 °C

changeover systems and how the Typical design:

Low efficiency and low delta T syndrome. 3 bar
Belimo Energy Valve™ solves them The example shown in Figure 96 shows a conventional setup with [43.5 PSI] 6°C

a flow rate of 0.35 l/s [5.55 GPM], based on the required cooling
Problem: Insufficient power in heating mode
capacity, at a supply temperature of 6 °C and a return temperature 0.35 l/s [5.55 GPM]
Heat exchangers or coils are typically selected in accordance
Delta T • N o increase in power output of 12 °C. The heating flow rate required for the space is 0.17 l/s
with cooling loads, meaning that if the water medium is Abb. 96: FCU in cooling mode.
Power Output Q* • Reduced delta T [2.69 GPM]. However, the system is set to a flow rate of 0.35 l/s
switched from cold to warm, the design flow rates are no • Reduced efficiency
[5.55 GPM]. As a result, the heating falls into cycle mode.
longer suitable. For example, a typical delta T for cooling
applications would be 7 K, whereas a delta T of at least twice
This works to a certain extent, but the low delta T during the 2 bar 70°C
that would be expected for heating. [29 PSI]
Heat exchanger heating phase usually reduces the efficiency of a condensing
saturation boiler because the return temperatures are too high to condense
Solution: Adjustable flow rates
the exhaust gases. Since the heat exchanger receives the same 3 bar
for heating/cooling season 80°C
flow of 0.35 l/s [5.55 GPM] during heating operations, the water [43.5 PSI]
Because an intelligent valve is able to communicate at a high
is not able to release enough energy to the air, resulting in high
level with the BMS, the maximum flow setting values can be Flow 0.35 l/s [5.55 GPM]
return water temperatures or low delta T, as shown in Figure 97.
adjusted remotely. This allows the design flow to be changed
Abb. 97: FCU in heating mode.
so that the valve always controls the optimal flow. Abb. 94: Low delta T at a consumer (e.g. fan coil).
As this solution is not equipped with PI valves, we still suffer
from pressure fluctuations that typically occur with non-PI valve
Problem: Low delta T syndrome
setups. As a result, the delta T will remain too small.
As the heat exchanger is not only experiencing a change in
2 bar 75°C
water temperature, it could be experiencing a change in air
Solution: Dynamic balancing, setting value change, and delta T [29 PSI]
volume in line with the new mode. With multiple variables
management.
of the heat exchange fluctuating, it now becomes virtually
As shown in Figures 99 and 100, the correct setting values for the
impossible to completely predict the correct flow rate over 4 bar 80°C
maximum flow rate and the delta T to be maintained for heating [58 PSI]
the range of permitted flows.
Delta T • N o increase in power output and cooling operation can be undertaken easily via the BMS.
Power Output Q* • Reduced delta T 0.45 l/s [7.13 GPM]
Solution: Energy Valve using the Delta T Manager • Reduced efficiency
When the Energy Valve is updated with heating flow rates and
The delta T manager, integrated in the Belimo Energy Valve™, Abb. 98: FCU heating mode and differential pressure increase.
delta T, the valve switches to 0.17 l/s [2.69 GPM] and enforces a
is a function that continuously measures the temperature
Operation in the minimum delta T of 30 K. Condensing boilers can now be used, as
spread and compares it with the system-specific limit value. saturation zone the return water temperatures can be guaranteed.
If it falls below this, the Belimo Energy Valve™ automatically detected and prevented
adjusts the flow so that only the amount of water actually by Delta T Manager 2 bar [29 PSI]
needed is allowed through the heat exchanger. You can easily Lower delta T 75°C
limit value
update the desired delta T via the bus interface, thus giving
you complete control. Flow
4 bar 80°C
Abb. 95: The Energy Valve's delta T manager guarantees that [58 PSI]
a minimum delta T is not fallen short of.
0.35 l/s [5.55 GPM]

Abb. 99: FCU in cooling mode, using a pressure-

independent EV.

2 bar [29 PSI]

Pro Tip 50°C

3 bar 80°C
The Energy Valve also records the consumption [43.5 PSI]
of heating and cooling energy separately. Instead of
two devices, one for cooling energy and one for 0.17 l/s [2.69 GPM]
heating energy, only one device
is now necessary. Abb. 100: FCU, with BMS-corrected heating setpoint and
required flow rate.
94 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART B Belimo Energy Valve™ HVAC Applications – 6 Distribution and Delta T Management 95

6
6.1 Application description
Large distribution systems, either as a building or as part of a
larger building complex, require an optimal delta T to operate
efficiently.

Sometimes it is not possible to install an Energy Valve at

every consumer.

6.2 Schematic
The Belimo Energy Valve system shown in Figure 101 offers •  he flow through the individual consumers
T
the following advantageous functions: can now be checked using flow measurement
carried out by the Energy Valve by opening
• he supplied area can be monitored, as important
T
the valves one after the other. By closing all
information such as the amount of water drawn off, the
valves, determination is made whether water
flow and return temperature, as well as the energy
is let through at the consumers due to valve
consumption can be seen.
leakage when they are closed, or whether a
• I t can be ensured that no one area of the system draws too bypass valve is open.
much water and thus energy.
•  ull branch transparency (flow, temperatures,
F
cooling/heating capacity, etc.) with data
recording and connection to the Belimo
Cloud.

Distribution and
delta T management Abb. 101: A schematic diagram of the installation of an Energy Valve in a branch.
96 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART B Belimo Energy Valve™ HVAC Applications – 6 Distribution and Delta T Management 97

6.3 Common problems Problem: "Ghost energy" in the building.

We speak of "ghost energy" when water reaches the
in distribution systems consumer through leaking valves when there is no heating or
2.0 l/s [32 GPM]

48 ºC
cooling capacity. This unnecessarily transports energy from

1.0 l/s [15.8 GPM]

Problem in existing buildings
the producer to the consumer and delivers it to the consumer.
In existing systems with numerous consumers, there can be
Figure 104 shows an example where the bypass has not been
problems during operation that negatively affect occupant 0.4 l/s 0.2 l/s 0.3 l/s 0.0 l/s 0.1 l/s
1.0 l/s [16 GPM] closed after maintenance and some valves are leaking in the
comfort and energy efficiency. For example, although
closed position. 50 ºC
sufficient energy is provided, certain areas may not be 45 °C
supplied with sufficient heating or cooling energy during peak
Solution: Multiple flow dynamic measurements.
times. Furthermore, the effective delta T at the connection
By using a Belimo Energy Valve™ in the branch line, we can Abb. 104: An accidentally opened bypass valve may be
point to district heating or cooling can be lower than planned, ? l/s ? l/s ? l/s ? l/s ? l/s
[? GMP] [? GMP] [? GMP] [? GMP] [? GMP] measure the total flow of each individual unit. You can ensure discovered only after weeks, months or even years.
which in turn can lead to penalties for the energy supplier.
bypasses are closed and valves are not leaking. If multiple
50 ºC
end valves are leaking, the Energy Valve can be closed to
Figure 102 shows a pressure dependent system with a
prevent flow when the branch is not in operation.
single balancing valve. This is a typical contract installation
of several low-temperature systems, such as with underfloor Abb. 102: Mechanical balancing valves allow only static 1.5 l/s [24 GPM]
Problem: Low delta T syndrome.
heating. balancing of the total flow, whereby the flow rates to each
Often, terminal units are statically balanced, which leads 46 ºC
individual unit are unknown.

1.0 l/s [15.8 GPM]

them to overflow and deliver low delta T when in part load.
Solution: Retrofit with Belimo valves.
Valves may be allowing water past them when they should
This can be remedied by retrofitting Energy Valves to every
be closed. Sometimes, even a bypass left open can stay 0.1 l/s 0.1 l/s 0.1 l/s 0.1 l/s 0.1 l/s
branch. By monitoring flow and delta T delivered to a number [1.6 GMP] [1.6 GMP] [1.6 GMP] [1.6 GMP] [1.6 GMP]
undetected, reducing the pressure and dragging the delta T
of terminal units, system operators can identify problematic 50 ºC
down.
consumers in the system and unclosed bypasses.
0.5 l/s [8 GPM] Solution
Thanks to the resulting transparency, problem areas can be Abb. 105: With an Energy Valve, not only leaking short-stroke
30°C
The Delta T Manager, integrated in the Belimo Energy Valve™,
identified and remedied more quickly. This in turn increases globe valves but also an open bypass can be clearly
is a function that continuously measures the temperature
comfort and ensures energy-efficient operation. identified.
spread. This information can be used to trigger an alarm
while you are troubleshooting the branch looking for leaking
The replacement of defective control valves on the 0.1 l/s 0.1 l/s 0.1 l/s 0.1 l/s 0.1 l/s
[1.6 GPM] [1.6 GPM] [1.6 GPM] [1.6 GPM] [1.6 GPM] valves or bypasses left open. Once the branch is working as
consumers previously identified thanks to the Energy Valve
50 ºC well as possible, you can activate the delta T manager to limit
with air-bubble tight closing zone valves from Belimo (e.g. Delta T • N o increase in power output
the overflow in the branch. Power Output Q* • Reduced delta T
QCV) provides further energy savings.
• Reduced efficiency
Abb. 103: With a Belimo Energy Valve™, the flow in the branch
Problem: Unknown flow rates
can be measured when each valve is opened, allowing
with mechanical valves.
verification.
Our need to operate buildings more efficiently means Heat exchanger
that water flow rates should be checked not just once but saturation

several times a season. Experience shows that tenant

"improvements" or changes to the hydronic system have a
negative effect on pressure-dependent installations. Flow
Abb. 106: Low delta T syndrome
However, even if PI valves are installed, checking the globe
valves and open bypasses should still be a priority to keep the
delta T within an acceptable range.
Delta T • No increase in power output
Power Output Q* • Reduced delta T
Solution: Multiple flow dynamic measurements. • Reduced efficiency
By using an Energy Valve in the branch line, we can measure
the total flow to the consumers and also to each individual
unit when they are opened one after the other. This is shown Operation in the
saturation zone detected
in Figure 103.
and prevented by Delta T
Manager
Lower delta T
limit value

Flow
Abb. 107: Delta T manager
98 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART B Belimo Energy Valve™ HVAC Applications – 6 Distribution and Delta T Management 99

6.4 Success story

Belimo Energy Valve™ successfully used at Ludmillenstift
Hospital in Meppen
The Ludmillenstift Hospital in Meppen, Germany, is renowned
well beyond the local area for its standard of medical care,
state-of-the-art diagnostic and therapeutic technology,
and its pleasant atmosphere. However, a large number of
modernisations over the years, in the form of extensions or
modifications, resulted in problems in the hospital’s hydronic
distributor circuits. These have finally been rectified through
the use of Belimo Energy Valves™.

Abb. 108: Ludmillenstift Hospital.

Time and again, the heating system’s hydraulics used to be a
major headache for the building services technicians. Several
rooms and zones in the hospital, which covers approximately
50 000 m², didn't receive adequate hot water, resulting in
complaints about cold rooms. It was up to Günter Wilmink
and Kristian Fitzner, the Installation and Heating Supervisors, were installed in several zones in the spring of
to find a solution. After the Energy Valves with monitoring 2013, and were linked to the existing Siemens
capability were retrofitted in spring 2013, the building building management system via the BACnet/IP
services team was finally able to visualise the problems and interface.
then rectify them step-by-step.
The two building services technicians are
The challenge constantly delighted by a special feature
Since there were hydronic problems in the heating circuits, in the Energy Valves. With its integrated
various departments and specialist areas on the large measuring sensors for the flow rate and water
hospital site could not be guaranteed a supply of regular temperatures, the integrated web server enables
heat. Initial attempts to control the hydronics using manually an exact display of the current operating data,
adjustable, differential pressure controllers were fruitless. which can be called up on a laptop or through
Pumps were also fitted, components were equipped with building automation on a PC. This makes it clear
hydronic deflectors, the supply temperature for hot water was which temperatures, flow rates, and heat flows
raised to 90 °C, and all pumps were set to maximum capacity. are currently present in each hydronic circuit.
However, this resulted in more water flowing through the A database that stores this operating data also
pipes, which exacerbated the hydronic problems. In the areas makes it possible to allocate the heat quantities
most badly affected, the differential temperature between the consumed to rooms, zones or departments
hot water's supply and return was just 5 Kelvins. (cost centres) of the hospital.

Huge increase in operating costs, as manual adjustment

could not solve the dynamic problem
These changes greatly increased the costs of pumping
and gas consumption – including steam generation of
around one million cubic metres a year – putting strain on
the hospital’s budget. Peter Meier, Specialist in Control
Technology at the heating firm August Brötje KG (Bremen,
Stuhr), has been assisting the hospital for around 10
years, and recommended that the service technicians in
Ludmillenstift take a look at the new Belimo Energy Valve™.
Following a presentation by Belimo employee, Rainer Frase,
which detailed what the intelligent control valve could offer
and how it works, they planned installation in the highly
problematic distributor circuit 1. This supplies the individual
buildings housing in-patients, a residential block for staff, and
a hotel for family members. A total of eight Energy Valves

NOTES
100 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART B Belimo Energy Valve™ HVAC Applications – 7 Computer Room Air Conditioner 101

7
7.1 Application description
A Computer Room Air Conditioning (CRAC) unit is designed
for applications where close control, high precision air
conditioning is essential. This includes cooling data centres,
server environments, telecommunications switchgear,
medical operating theatres, and clean room environments.

Often, air-conditioning units in computer rooms are

considered so critical that they require their own chilled water
system. The constant availability of maximum power means
that a CRAC device always requires water at a predefined
minimum temperature to ensure that peak power is always
available.
Abb. 109: Typical CRAC devices.

7.2 Schematic

Filter Filter

CRAC CRAC
device device

Server Rack rear

Server Rack rear

Server Rack rear

Cold Hot Cold
Aisle Aisle Aisle
Cooling Cooling
coil coil

M M

Fan Fan

Computer room
air-conditioning unit Abb. 110: Schematic of a CRAC device, including airflow to/from the racks.
102 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART B Belimo Energy Valve™ HVAC Applications – 7 Computer Room Air Conditioner 103

7.3 Common issues in CRAC units, Pro Tip

and how the Belimo Energy Valve™
1 l/s [16 GPM]
can address them 14°C 29.4 kW [100,000 BTU]

Since CRAC devices must be able to handle maximum load at all times, Correctly set rack
water with a predefined minimum temperature is required. Given the cooling temperatures
critical nature of their task, CRAC devices tend to be oversized. The and regularly replaced
resulting overflow cannot be converted to energy by the CRAC unit, and is air filters can massively
reduce energy 7°C
reflected in elevated water temperatures or low delta T.
consumption and
A Belimo Energy Valve™ using power ontrol and delta T management, increase the service life
can ensure that peak performance is available even with varying water of IT components.
temperatures.
Problem: 100% output requirement prevents
variable water flow rates
Parametrise your Energy Valve to use power control and set the required
Figure 111 shows a CRAC device designed for a
design power. The valve then modulates the power output, depending on
power of 29.4 kW [100,000 BTU]. To ensure that
the input of the control signal, by varying the delta T-dependent flow to
peak power is always available, it is normally not
achieve the desired output.
possible to vary the supply temperature.

Using the formula Q = M* x CP x delta T (power = flow rate x specific heat

Abb. 111: CRACdeviceunder"designload
capacity x differential temperature), you can see that flow rate and delta
conditions".
T are linked when it comes to the power of a heat exchanger. We cannot
change one variable without affecting the other.

Power control uses this formula to adjust the flow according to power
requirements derived from the control signal.

1.4 l/s [22 GPM]

7.4 Application example 15°C 29.4 kW [100,000 BTU]

The CRAC device shown in Figure 111 must supply 29.4 kW [100,000 BTU].
It has a design flow of 1 l/s [16 GPM] and a supply temperature of 7 °C,
with an expected return temperature of 14 °C. This is considered "design
load" conditions.
10°C
Under low system load scenarios, the water temperature supply by the
chiller may be increased for promoting energy savings. If the same device
now has a supply temperature of 10 °C, the higher supply temperature
Solution:
could result in a lower delta T, which would reduce the available power.
Power control-enabled Energy Valve
The Belimo Energy Valve™, having measured a lower delta T, will allow an
Figure 112 shows the same device with the
increase in flow rate to 1.4 l/s [22 GPM] to achieve the required output. In
same demand for 29.4 kW [100,000 BTU].
this case, the change in supply water temperature has no negative impact
However, the Energy Valve has detected the
on the air-conditioning unit's ability to deliver the required cooling load.
increased supply temperature of 10 °C and
increased the flow rate to provide the output
required by the control signal.

Abb. 112: CRAC device with higher supply

temperature to save energy.
104 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART B Belimo Energy Valve™ HVAC Applications – 8 Central Heating System 105

8
8.1 Application description
The central heating plant combines one or more heat sources
into a complete system. Fossil combustion solutions,
such as oil or gas boilers, are gradually being replaced or
supplemented by alternative solutions. Heat pumps or
renewable forms of heat generation, such as thermal solar
systems, are on the rise and help to reduce CO2 emissions.

Energy efficiency in a boiler room depends on the careful

selection of the heat generator and the use of suitable
pipelines for hydronic distribution, as well as consumer
circuits with high-quality valves that control precisely and Abb. 113: Condensing gas boiler
close air-bubble tight when not in use.

Central heating
system Abb. 114: Heat pump with potable hot water storage tank.
106 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART B Belimo Energy Valve™ HVAC Applications – 8 Central Heating System 107

8.2 Schematic 8.3 Common problems with boilers

Modern heating systems are often more complex and require more and how the Belimo Energy Valve™ solves
transparent monitoring to ensure that the targeted savings are also
actually achieved in practice. The Belimo Energy Valve™ is an excellent tool them
for creating transparency and ensuring correct long-term operation of the
Retrofitting an existing system with an Energy Valve not only ensures
heating system.
that the valve eliminates hidden water circulation during standby times,
but also creates full system transparency (flow, cooling/heating capacity,
temperatures, and set thermal energy) with data recording and optional
connection to the Belimo Cloud.

Problem: Low efficiency with older boilers

Non-condensing boilers are often fitted with a 3-way globe valve to
prevent condensation forming in the boiler during commissioning, as this
would lead to corrosion and, over time, boiler failure. In order to prevent
condensation in all cases, the 3-way valve is partially designed in such a
way that even after the heating process, a small amount still flows back
into the return, as shown in Figure 116.

Solution: Energy Valve retrofit

Retrofitting the Energy Valve to an existing non-condensing boiler will help
monitor your existing installation and allow the system to detect when the
return water temperature is above the minimum value in order to close the
bypass valve completely, as shown in Figure 117.

Radioator heating Floor heating Problem: Poor energy efficiency of condensing boiler
Condensing boilers achieve high efficiency (usually over 90%) by

EXISTING Valve retrofit

*Bypass valve

*Bypass valve

 
Abb. 116: Boiler with globe valve. Abb. 117: A non-condensing boiler retrofitted with an air-bubble tight
*Bypass valve to prevent condensation during start-up. bypass valve and an Energy Valve.
Abb. 115: Typical hydronic diagram of a central heating system combining several alternative and renewable energy sources.
108 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART B Belimo Energy Valve™ HVAC Applications – 8 Central Heating System 109

condensing the water vapour in the exhaust gases and recovering the
Pro Tip
8.4 Heating valve applications
latent heat that would otherwise be lost. This condensed vapour leaves
The mixing circuit as well as the injection circuit with 2-way valve varies the
the system in liquid form, via a drain. The return water temperature to
water temperature upstream of the consumer. Adapting the supply temper-
the boiler must be as far below the dew point of the supplied exhaust
ature at the consumer controls the power output at the constant-volume
gas as possible so that the condensation process can take place. For oil
The type of fuel with heating coil. In the throttle circuit, the supply temperature to the heating
condensing boilers, the dew point temperature is around 49 °C.
which the condensing coil is not varied. The heating power is controlled by the consumer chang-
boiler is operated ing the amount of water.
If coils or radiators are not able to transfer the required amount of
energy, the resulting high return water temperatures prevent the desired determines the ideal
condensation for energy recovery from occurring, which drastically return water temperature.
reduces the efficiency of the boiler.

Solution: Boiler replacement and Energy Valve retrofit

The use of Energy Valves on the consumers ensures that heat dissipation
takes place in a controlled manner. Preventing excessively high flow rates
through the heat exchangers also prevents excessively low temperature
spreads and thus excessively high return temperatures.

Thanks to the Belimo Energy Valve™, you can now constantly monitor the
return temperature of your consumers. You will be able to identify hydronic
problems of your existing installations. These are often:

•  pen bypass valves that flood your circuit with hot water and do not
O
supply remote consumers

•  alves in closed positions that are leaking/passing, resulting in "ghost

V
energy"

• Foul coils not able to transfer the required power

• Scale in potable hot water tanks

• Blocked strainers

Injection circuit Mixing circuit Throttling circuit

Abb. 118: An overview of the various basic hydronic circuits for heating applications.
110 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART B Belimo Energy Valve™ HVAC Applications – 9 Monitoring Chillers and Heat Pumps 111

9
9.1 Application description
Chillers and heat pumps come in a huge variety of shapes
and sizes, using different technology to achieve the same
outcome for the exchange of energy.

The efficiency of this process is measured by the ratio of

Chiller
usable energy (thermal energy) to input energy (usually
electricity).

Monitoring the water supply temperature, the flow rate, and

the water return temperature is an important part of the kWh/BTU output

process. The first step in improving the operating efficiency of

chillers is to calculate the current coefficient of performance Watt – power consumption
(power generated/electricity consumed), known as COP.

Abb. 120: Chiller with cooling circuit.

Cooling Power
cop =
Input power
Abb. 119: Standard efficiency calculation formula for a chiller. Further
details and heat pump calculations can be found in the industry
standards.

9.2 Schematic 9.3 Total cost of ownership (TCO)

There is not one generic schematic valid for all kinds of chiller Often, a low delta T is presented as a lack of system capacity
or heat pump piping. Figure 120 shows an Energy Valve fitted during peak periods. This naturally leads to the desire to
to monitor flow and delta T through a chiller. increase capacity. Using the Energy Valve to diagnose and
actively correct low delta T at the heat exchangers, can
However, they all have one thing in common, their maximum prevent the need to upgrade entirely.
achievable power depends on the mass flow rate x spec.
heat capacity x delta T. In low delta T situations, there are

Monitoring chillers
often more machines in operation than are actually needed
because their efficiency is limited.

and heat pumps

112 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART B Belimo Energy Valve™ HVAC Applications – 9 Monitoring Chillers and Heat Pumps 113

9.4 Common problems with chillers 9.5 Success story

and heat pumps and how the Belimo Belimo Energy Valve™ cures low delta T syndrome
at university hospital
Energy Valve™ solves them The University of Miami medical campus (USA) saves
thousands of dollars and increases plant capacity by
Problem: Ongoing monitoring of chiller performance
retrofitting with Energy Valves from Belimo.
With older chillers it is difficult to monitor the performance. Ideally,
this value is available and can be used in conjunction with the
Miller School of Medicine
current consumption to calculate the COP value. Determining
The University of Miami's Miller School of Medicine takes
such KPIs is becoming increasingly important. The capability
pride in bringing medical research from 'bench to bedside'.
to measure performance against this time last year or against
Their patients in Southern Florida are treated with the help of
a time with similar conditions, enhances informed decisions on Abb. 121: COP analyses are possible only when data are
the latest innovations in medical technology. On its sprawling
maintenance and replacement. logged.
campus and in its state-of-the-art buildings, doctors and
researchers are unlocking secrets, not only to infectious
Solution: Use the integrated energy meter
diseases but also the future of stem cells and genetics.
of the Belimo Energy Valve™
By monitoring the flow rate and entering and leaving water Abb. 124: The University of Miami's medical campus.
What many people probably do not know are the preventive
temperatures, you can get a good idea of how well your chiller
care measures that are taken behind the scenes regarding
is working thermally. And with an additional meter for current
the clinic's technical building systems. The centrepiece of
consumption, you get a complete picture or coefficient of
the university is a chilling plant covering an area of 4,370 m2
performance (COP). Even if your chiller already offers real-time
with a capacity of 42 MW. It supplies hospitals and research
data, the Energy Valve can log this data for 13 months, thus
buildings with the necessary cold water. The relatively new The company, which specialises in piping
providing useful support.
chiller was not commissioned until 2011, but some buildings systems and energy services, had been
on campus were operating less efficiently than expected, servicing the University of Miami clinic for
Problem: Unknown glycol levels
wasting thousands of litres of cold water. However, the several years. When the company learned about
Glycol is heavier than water, so too much will reduce the efficiency
problem was not with the chiller plant, but the cooling coils in the new Belimo Energy Valve™, it was clear that
of the pump. If the quantity is too small, there is a risk of freezing.
Abb. 122: Integrated energy data logging. several of the campus facilities. it needed to inform the university about it. This
To achieve the ideal level, the water must be tested. This is often a
is because Kerney and Associates specialise in
manual process and building management staff must remember
The solution to the problem came in the form of the latest retrofit opportunities that maximise return on
to carry out these tests. To avoid carrying out this process, the
research and development from Belimo — the Belimo Energy investment for their clients.
glycol is often overdosed.
Valve™.
"We do a lot of business with them," says
Solution: Continuous glycol monitoring
The diagnosis – low delta T Ron Bogue, Assistant Vice President for
The primary chilled water circuit is the best place to monitor the
Low delta T is a common hydronic problem. It occurs when Facilities and Services at the University of Miami
levels of this important part of your water. Energy Valves measure
the heat exchanger is operated with too much water or is School of Medicine. "They came to us and
the glycol concentration in the hydronic circuit and the BMS can
contaminated. Inadequate hydronic balancing or incorrectly introduced us to the Belimo Energy Valve."
trigger an alarm or even automatically dose the system if the level
installed and controlled ventilation systems can also
falls below a certain limit value.
contribute to low delta T. The Energy Valve is a pressure-independent
valve that registers and optimises water coil
By monitoring and logging the glycol content, you can manage the
When this happens, air handler efficiency and heat transfer performance. The valve includes an ultrasonic
balance between too excessive and insufficient concentrations in
plummets. In turn, chillers and pumps work overtime in flow sensor and temperature sensors that
the system. Abb. 123: Fear of pipeline failure is often the reason
order to maintain a given temperature setpoint. Return water monitors supply and return water. Differential
for overdosing glycol and the resulting increased
temperature to the chiller is lower than the intended design, temperature is monitored to make sure that
The Energy Valves automatically adjust the thermal energy energy consumption of the pumps.
forcing more water to be pumped through the system. As the delta T in the heat exchanger is maintaining
calculation to the level and type of glycol in the system. Without
more and more gallons of water move through the system, the desired setpoint. If delta T drops, the valve
this adaptation, the measured values could be influenced by 30%.
not only is efficiency in question, but utility costs can go modulates the flow of water at the coil, which
through the roof. improves system efficiency.

This was the diagnosis for some of the buildings on the

University of Miami medical campus. Despite a new chiller
and a mix of old and new buildings, low delta T had reduced
energy efficiency on campus. At least until Kerney and
Associates from Dania Beach, Florida, stepped in.
1
part c Evolution of Control Valves

Installation and
Configuration

overview of settings

1 Parametrisation116

2 Glossary118
116 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART C Installation and Parametrisation – 1 Parametrisation 117

1
1.1 Delivery condition
Factory reset
The product is shipped with the default settings, as shown below. The flow
rates and control modes must be set on site, but this is easy to do via the
Belimo Assistant App or the web server.

Maximum Installation Delta T Control and feed-

Flow position manager Actuator Setup back Control mode

Non-fail-safe Control signal (Y)

normally closed (NC) DC 2 to 10 V
Maximum flow Flow rate
Return Off
of the valve control
Electronic fail-safe, normally
Feedback Signal (U)
closed (NC)/fail-safe position
DC 2 to 10 V
closed

Abb. 125: Default settings of the Belimo Energy Valve™.

Parametrisation
118 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART C Installation and Configuration – 2 Glossary 119

2
Analogue signal Pressure-independent VAV
A linear signal from one device to another, which is used to A pressure-independent VAV controller measures the airflow
write or read values. For example, a controller may use an and maintains it independently of the static inlet pressure of
analogue signal to modulate an actuator. Typical analogue the primary air handling unit.
signal ranges for HVAC applications are DC 2...10 V, DC 0...10
V or 4...20 mA. Flow limit value/flow rate at saturation
A setting used with delta T manager scaling to reset the delta
ASHRAE 90.1 T limit value, and create a variable, delta T setpoint.
An American National Standard issued by ASHRAE and co-
sponsored by IES, which provides minimum requirements for Dynamic balancing
the energy-efficient design of buildings, excluding low-rise A method that compensates all pressure fluctuations in the
residential buildings. system, to make sure the required flow is delivered to each
point in the system.
BACnet
A standard worldwide communication protocol that is used in EPIV
building automation. BACnet IP communicates via Ethernet Electronic pressure-independent characterised control valve
networks and BACnet MS/TP, over 2 or 3-wire RS-485 with real-time flow measurement via ultrasonic time-of-flight
networks. technology.

Calculated/theoretical flow Belimo Energy Valve™

A calculated and therefore theoretical flow is obtained by A smart control valve consisting of an ultrasonic flow sensor,
assuming a flow rate based on valve position. This method is a characterised control valve, an actuator, two temperature
not precise as all requirements for pressure need to be met. sensors and an embedded control logic, which allows for
Often used with mechanical PI valves. power control in a hydronic circuit.

BMS (Building Management System) and Fixed Delta T Manager

BAS (Building Automation System) An option in the Delta T Manager logic that produces a fixed
A computer-based controls system installed in buildings to delta T setpoint.
control and monitor the building’s mechanical and electrical
equipment. Equal percentage flow curve
An equal percentage flow characteristic is a non-linear curve
Delta T, ΔT, or DT where the slope increases as the valve opens, while a linear
The differential temperature between the supply and return flow characteristic is a straight line.
media. In HVAC applications, delta T is usually the difference
in the temperature of the air or water after it passes through a Hysteresis
heat transfer device. A phenomenon typically associated with the springs in
mechanical PI valves. When pressure changes, a spring which
Delta T limit value controls the diaphragm position starts to be compressed
Setting used by the delta T manager to prevent the coil from or stretched, therefore maintaining the PI functionality and
operating at too high a flow rate. impacting very little on the control device, resulting in a minor
variation of flow.
Delta T manager
Belimo-patented flow-limitation logic applied to the Energy KPI
Valve control modes. A key performance indicator is a type of performance
measurement. In our context, the KPIs evaluate the influences
Delta T setpoint on the hydronic system by the Belimo Energy Valve™.
The setpoint used by the Delta T Manager logic. When used PI valves, PIV, or PICV
with Delta T Manager, it is a fixed setting. When used with Designation for pressure-independent control valves.
delta T manager scaling, it becomes a calculated variable
across a scaled range. P’max
The maximum thermal power setting.
DDC controller (direct digital control)

Glossary
An electronic controller with software to operate control P’nom
valves, dampers and other devices. The maximum capacity of the heat exchanger that can be
controlled by the Energy Valve (catalogue value, depending
120 Belimo Energy Valve™ – Application Guide PART C Installation and Configuration – 2 Glossary 121

on nominal size). True flow

An accurate flow rate as obtained from a wet calibrated flow
PT connections sensor.
Pressure and temperature connections on one device, by
means of which the two variables can be measured. VAV (variable air volume)
VAV is a type of HVAC system. VAV systems vary the airflow
Transit time technology to provide a constant room temperature and/or a certain air
The transit time method of measurement is the most volume per hour.
commonly used in ultrasonic metering. One or more pulses
are transferred through the fluid to and from the transducers Valve authority
to the opposite transducer, which is further downstream. A term used to describe the basis on which a control valve
Sound waves travel faster with the direction of flow and is selected. The valve authority is generally defined as the
slower against the direction of flow. This principle is used for ratio of the pressure drop across the fully open valve in
the measurement. comparison to the pressure drop across the entire variable-
flow path of the circuit at design flow conditions.
Modbus
A type of bus communication that can integrate the device to Flow coefficient (kv value)
the controller over a bus. It can be wired in either RTU or IP The kv value is also called the flow factor or the flow
configuration. coefficient. It is a measure of the achievable flow rate of a
fluid (or gas) through a valve and is used for valve selection
MP-Bus or MP and dimensioning. The flow coefficient always refers to a
Belimo MP-Bus is a combined 24 V power and signal standard pressure drop over the valve of 100 kPa/1 bar.
for connecting a primary actuator with up to 16 secondary
actuators. It can also be used with the ZTH EU tool to view V’max
and change the actuator settings. The maximum flow setting of the valve adjusted to the
requirements of the application. A value inputted to set the
Wet calibrated maximum flow to be delivered by the valve.
A sensor calibration method using actual fluid flow. This
method usually provides the highest calibration accuracy V’nom
for a flow sensor and is used when accuracy is a primary The maximum flow rate that can be controlled by the Energy
concern or when the form of the meter does not lend itself to Valve (catalogue value).
other methods.

CCV (Characterized Control Valve)

A ball valve from Belimo with characterised disc that offers
an equal-percentage flow characteristic with a high setting
range, zero leakage, and high level of tightness.

Coil
A water to air heat exchanger, typically made of copper tubes
passed through aluminium fins, and is used in AHUs, fan
coils, etc.

AHU (air handling unit)

A device used to condition and circulate air as part of a
heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning system.

Delta T manager scaling

An option in the Delta T Manager logic that produces a
variably scaled delta T setpoint.

Variable flow systems

A type of system that delivers variable water depending on
the required load.

NOTES
NOTES NOTES
 All inclusive.

Belimo is the global market leader in the development, production and

5-year warranty
sales of field devices for energy-efficient control of heating, ventilation
and air-conditioning systems. Damper actuators, control valves, sen-
sors and meters make up the company’s core business.
On site around the globe
Always focusing on customer value, we deliver more than only prod-
ucts. We offer you the complete product range of actuator and
sensor solutions for the regulation and control of HVAC systems Complete product range
from a single source. At the same time, we rely on tested Swiss qual-
ity with a five-year warranty. Our worldwide representatives in over 80
countries guarantee short delivery times and comprehensive
Tested quality
support through the entire product life. Belimo does indeed include
everything.

The "small" Belimo devices have a big impact on comfort, energy effi- Short delivery times
ciency, safety, installation and maintenance.

In short: Small devices, big impact. Comprehensive support

EN – 08.2023 – Subject to technical modifications

BELIMO Asia Pacific Ltd.

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