Numerical worksheet answer key
[Link] diagram below shows a section of a wave form in a string. The
numbers in the diagram show distances in centimeter. The speed of travel of
the wave is 800 ms−1
.
(i) What is the wavelength? (ii) What is the amplitude? (iii) Calculate the
frequency?
i) Wavelength is distance between two consecutive or troughs =3010=20 cm.
(ii) Amplitude is the maximum displacement = 4 cm (iii)We know
v=nλ⇒n=Vλ=800m/s20×10−2m=4000Hz
2.A boat at anchor is rocked by waves whose crests are 50m apart. If the crests
are moving at 20ms−1
, how often do they reach the boat?
Given λ=50m v=20m/s T=? Now T=λ/v =50/20
=2.5s.
[Link] electromagnetic wave has a frequency of 500 MHz and a wavelength 60
cm. Name the medium through which it is travelling.
=3×108m/s ∴the
Given, n=500 MHz=500×106Hz λ=60cm=60100m
v=? We know, V=nλ=500×106×60100
medium must be air / vacuum.
[Link] wavelength of a sound wave in a medium is reduced by 50%, then what is
the percentage change in its frequency?
We know, n=Vλ Asλbecomes12;n becomes twice. Therefore, increase in
frequency = +100%.
5.A tuning fork produces waves of wave length 60 cm in a medium P. Calculate
the wave length of the wave produced by it in a medium Q, given that velocity
of waves in the medium P is300 ms−1and in the medium Q is480 ms−1.
Answer:
VP=nλP ⇒ n=VP/λP =300/0.60 =500Hz. Now, VQ=nλQ ⇒ λQ=VQ/n
=480/500 =0.96 m.
[Link] the wavelength of a sound wave whose frequency is 220 Hz and
speed is 440 m/s in a given medium.
Answer
Given in the question
Frequency of the sound wave(ν)= 220 Hz
Speed of the sound wave(v)= 440 m s-1
For a sound wave,
Speed (v) = Wavelength (λ) × frequency (ν)
v =λ × ν
or λ=v/ ν = 440 / 220 = 2m
So the wavelength of the sound wave is 2 m.
7.A person is listening to a tone of 500 Hz sitting at a distance of 450 m from
the source of the sound. What is the time interval between successive
compressions from the source?
Answer
The time interval between two successive compressions is equal to the time
period of the wave. This time period is reciprocal of the frequency of the wave
and is given by the relation
T= 1 / Frequency = 1/ 500 = 0.002 s
8.A man fires a shot and hears an echo from a cliff after 2s. He walks 85m
towards the cliff and the echo of a second shot is now heard after 1.5s What is
the velocity of sound and how far was the man from the cliff when he first
heard the echo?
Let the distance of the man from the cliff be 'd', then
V=2dt
V=2d2⇒V=d
Similarly, in case - 2
V=2(d−85)t
V=20(v−85)15
⇒3V=4v−340
v=340m/s
9.A boy is standing in front of wall at a distance of 85m produces 2 claps per
second. He notices that the sound of his clapping coincides with the echo. The
echo is heard only once when clapping is stopped. Calculate the speed of
sound.
Since 2 claps are produced in one second,
The time interval between two claps,
t=12s=0.5s
The distance of the wall from the boy(d) = 85 m
Then speed of sound( v)= 2dt
Putting all the values
Speed of the sound = 2×850.5=340 m/s
Hence the speed of the sound is 340 m/s
10.A sonar device on a submarine sends out a signal and receives an echo 5s
later. Calculate the speed of sound in water if the distance of the object from
the submarine is 3625m.
Step 1: Given data
The time of travel of sound waves is 5 s.
The distance traveled by sound submarine to the object is 3625 m.
Step 2: Speed
Speed is the time rate of change in distance.
Speed=Total distance traveled by a body /total time taken.
Step 3: Diagram
Step 4: Finding the speed
The total distance travelled by sound waves is
D=d (Due to transmission) +d (Due to reception)
or D=2d=2×3625or D=7250 m
So,V=D/t
V=7250 m/5S
V=1450 m/s
Therefore, the speed of sound in water 1450 m/s
11. A man stationed between two parallel cliffs fires a gun. He hears the first
echo after 1.5 s and the next after 2.5 s. What is the distance between the cliffs
and when does he hear the third echo? Take the speed of sound in air is 340
m/s.
Here, velocity of sound in air,
v = 340 m / s
v=340m/s time after which first echo is heard,
t 1 = 1.5 s
t1=1.5s time after which second echo is heard,
t 2 = 2.5 s t2=2.5s
Let A and B AandB represent two parallel cliffs and O
O be the position of the man stationed between these cliffs as shown in (Fig.
6.23).
Let d 1 d1 and d 2 d2 be the distances of the man from these cliffs A and B
respectively. Reflection from cliff A A Time ( t 1 ) (t1)
after which first echo is heard = time taken by sound to travel from O to A and
back to O again, i.e., a distance 2 d 1 2d1.
As distance travelled by sound = speed of sound × × time,
2 d 1 = v t 1 2d1=vt1 or d 1 = v t 1 2 = 340 × 1.5 2 = 255 m
d1=vt12=340×1.52=255m. Reflection from cliff B B Time ( t 2 ) (t2) after which
the second echo is heard = time taken by sound to travel from O to B and back
to O again, i.e., a distance 2 d 2 2d2. Clearly, 2 d 2 = v t 2 2d2=vt2 or d 2 = v t 2
2 = 340 × 2.5 2 = 425 m d2=vt22=340×2.52=425m Distance between the two
cliffs, d = d 1 + d 2 = 255 m + 425 m = 680 m d=d1+d2=255m+425m=680m The
third echo is heard when sound after reflection from cliff A A goes to cliff B B
and then after reflection from it reaches O O. Time taken for the third echo to
be heard, t = t 1 + t 2 = 1.5 s + 2.5 s = 4 s t=t1+t2=1.5s+2.5s=4s
12.A child hears an echo from a cliff after 4s the sound of powerful cracker is
produced. How far away is the cliff from the child? (Take speed of the sound in
air as 340 m/s).
Solution : Here, `t = 4 s, v = 340 m//s, d = (vt)/(2) = (340 xx 4)/(2) = 680 m`
[Link] observer standing between two cliffs fires a gun. He hears one echo
after 1.5 s and another after 3.5 s. If the speed of sound is 340 m/s, find (a) the
distance of the observer from the first cliff and (b) distance between the cliffs.
Suppose d is the total distance between two cliffs and x is the distance
between the man and one cliff.
2x=v×t1
x=2v×t1
=2340×1.5
=255 m
2(d−x)=v×t2
(d−x)=2v×t2
(d−x)=2v×t2
(d−x)=2340×3.5
(d−x)=595 m
d=595+x
=595+255
=850 m
14.A man fires a gun and hears its echo after 5 s. The man then moves 310 m
towards the hill and fires his gun again. This time he hears the echo after 3 s.
Calculate the speed of sound.
The speed of the sound is calculated as follows.
Let d be the distance between the man and the hill in the beginning.
v=t2×d = 52×d→eqn1
He moves 310 m towards the hill. Therefore the distance will be (d - 310) m.
Therefore,
v=32(d−310)→eqn2
Since velocity of sound is same, equating (1) and (2), we get
52d=32(d−310)
3d = 5d - 1550
2d = 1550
d = 775 m
Hence, the velocity of sound v=52×775 (substituting in equation 1)
v=310m/s
99
Time = 2.4 secs
Speed of the sound = 1450 m/s
To Find:
The depth of the ocean.
Solution:
We need to find the depth of the ocean which implies we need to find the
distance between the surface of the water and the sea bed below.
The echo recorded travels a double distance which means the sound travels
from the surface to the sea bed and hits the sea bed and travels back to the
surface of the ocean.
The formula used here,
2d = vt → {equation 1}
The formula to find the depth of an ocean(distance between the water surface
and sea bed) is given by rearranging equation 1.
d = v×t/2 → {equation 2}
Where "d" is the depth of the ocean, "v" is the speed or velocity of sound, "t"
is the time.
On substituting the given values in equation 2 we get,
⇒ d = (1450×2.4)/2 {multiplying the terms in the numerator}
⇒ d = 3480/2 {dividing the terms}
⇒ d = 1740 m
∴ The depth of the ocean = 1740 m