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Three-Digit Integers in Base Conversions

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
108 views8 pages

Three-Digit Integers in Base Conversions

Uploaded by

YIng Couver
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

[Link] Chapter 28.

Bases

Definition 28.0.1 (Bases). A number expressed in base-n is similar to base 10 except instead
of regrouping to a new place value every 10, we regroup every n.

Concept 28.0.2
A number in base n with digits am , am−1 , . . . , a2 , a1 , a0 can be written as:

am am−1 . . . a2 a1 a0

This number can be evaluated as

am nm + am−1 nm−1 + · · · + a2 n2 + a1 n1 + a0 n0

Example 28.1 (AMC 10/12)


The base-nine representation of the number N is 27,006,000,052nine . What is the remainder
when N is divided by 5?

Video Solution

Example 28.2 (AIME)


Find the three-digit positive integer a b c whose representation in base nine is b c a nine ,
where a, b, and c are (not necessarily distinct) digits.

Video Solution

Example 28.3 (AMC 10)


A base-10 three digit number n is selected at random. Which of the following is closest
to the probability that the base-9 representation and the base-11 representation of n are
both three-digit numerals?

Video Solution

302
[Link] Chapter 28. Bases

Concept 28.0.3
We can also have bases with decimals (both repeating and terminal).

A number in base n with digits am , am−1 , . . . , a2 , a1 , a0 before the decimal point


and the digits a−1 , a−2 , . . . , a−q after the decimal point can be written as:

am am−1 . . . a1 a0 .a−1 a−2 . . . a−q

This number can be evaluated as:

am nm + a(m−1) n(m−1) + · · · + a1 n1 + a0 n0 + a−1 n−1 + a−2 n−2 + . . . a−q n−q

Example 28.4 (AMC 12)


For some positive integer k, the repeating base-k representation of the (base-ten) fraction
7
51
is 0.23k = 0.232323...k . What is k?

Video Solution

303
[Link] Chapter 28. Bases

28.1 Practice Problems


Problem 28.1.1 (AMC 10)

In base 10, the number 2013 ends in the digit 3. In base 9, on the other hand, the same
number is written as (2676)9 and ends in the digit 6. For how many positive integers b
does the base-b-representation of 2013 end in the digit 3?

Video Solution

Problem 28.1.2 (AMC 10)

Hexadecimal (base-16) numbers are written using numeric digits 0 through 9 as well
as the letters A through F to represent 10 through 15. Among the first 1000 positive
integers, there are n whose hexadecimal representation contains only numeric digits.
What is the sum of the digits of n?

Video Solution

Problem 28.1.3 (AIME)

For each positive integer n, let f (n) be the sum of the digits in the base-four representa-
tion of n and let g(n) be the sum of the digits in the base-eight representation of f (n).
For example, f (2020) = f (1332104 ) = 10 = 128 , and g(2020) = the digit sum of 128 = 3.
Let N be the least value of n such that the base-sixteen representation of g(n) cannot be
expressed using only the digits 0 through 9. Find the remainder when N is divided by
1000.

Video Solution

Problem 28.1.4 (AIME)

A positive integer N has base-eleven representation abc and base-eight representation


1bca, where a, b, and c represent (not necessarily distinct) digits. Find the least such N
expressed in base ten.

304
[Link] Chapter 28. Bases

Video Solution

Problem 28.1.5 (AMC 10/12)

For which of the following integers b is the base-b number 2021b − 221b not divisible by 3?

Video Solution

Problem 28.1.6 (AMC 10)

Let n be a positive integer and d be a digit such that the value of the numeral 32d in
base n equals 263, and the value of the numeral 324 in base n equals the value ¯of¯¯the
numeral 11d1 in base six. What is n + d? ¯¯¯
¯¯¯¯

Video Solution

Additional Problems
Problem 28.1.7 (AMC 10)

Let n be a positive integer and d be a digit such that the value of the numeral 32d in
base n equals 263, and the value of the numeral 324 in base n equals the value of the
numeral 11d1 in base six. What is n + d?

Problem 28.1.8 (AMC 10)

For which of the following integers b is the base-b number 2021b − 221b not divisible by 3?

Problem 28.1.9 (AMC 10)

What is the greatest possible sum of the digits in the base-seven representation of

305
[Link] Chapter 28. Bases

a positive integer less than 2019?

Problem 28.1.10 (AMC 12)

In the equation below, A and B are consecutive positive integers, and A, B, and
A + B represent number bases:

132A + 43B = 69A+B .

What is A + B?

Problem 28.1.11 (AIME)

The number n can be written in base 14 as a b c, can be written in base 15 as a c b, and


can be written in base 6 as a c a c , where a > 0. Find the base-10 representation of n.

Problem 28.1.12 (AIME)

Call a positive integer N a 7-10 double if the digits of the base-7 representation of
N form a base-10 number that is twice N . For example, 51 is a 7-10 double because its
base-7 representation is 102. What is the largest 7-10 double?

Problem 28.1.13 (AIME)

Let N be the number of positive integers that are less than or equal to 2003 and
whose base-2 representation has more 1’s than 0’s. Find the remainder when N is divided
by 1000.

Problem 28.1.14 (AIME)

A rational number written in base eight is [Link], where all digits are nonzero. The
same number in base twelve is [Link]. Find the base-ten number abc.

306
[Link] Chapter 28. Bases

Problem 28.1.15 (AIME)

Find the number of positive integers less than or equal to 2017 whose base-three repre-
sentation contains no digit equal to 0.

Problem 28.1.16 (AIME)

The number n can be written in base 14 as a b c, can be written in base 15 as a c b, and


can be written in base 6 as a c a c , where a > 0. Find the base-10 representation of n.

Problem 28.1.17 (AIME)

Find the sum of all positive integers b < 1000 such that the base-b integer 36b is a
perfect square and the base-b integer 27b is a perfect cube.

Problem 28.1.18 (AIME)

A positive integer N has base-eleven representation abc and base-eight representation


1bca, where a, b, and c represent (not necessarily distinct) digits. Find the least such N
expressed in base ten.

Problem 28.1.19 (AIME)

There exist r unique nonnegative integers n1 > n2 > · · · > nr and r unique integers ak
(1 ≤ k ≤ r) with each ak either 1 or −1 such that

a1 3n1 + a2 3n2 + · · · + ar 3nr = 2008.

Find n1 + n2 + · · · + nr .

Problem 28.1.20 (AIME)

For each positive integer n, let f (n) be the sum of the digits in the base-four representa-
tion of n and let g(n) be the sum of the digits in the base-eight representation of f (n).
For example, f (2020) = f (1332104 ) = 10 = 128 , and g(2020) = the digit sum of 128 = 3.

307
[Link] Chapter 28. Bases

Let N be the least value of n such that the base-sixteen representation of g(n) cannot be
expressed using only the digits 0 through 9. Find the remainder when N is divided by
1000.

Problem 28.1.21 (AMC 10)

Bernardo chooses a three-digit positive integer N and writes both its base-5 and base-6
representations on a blackboard. Later LeRoy sees the two numbers Bernardo has written.
Treating the two numbers as base-10 integers, he adds them to obtain an integer S. For
example, if N = 749, Bernardo writes the numbers 10,444 and 3,245, and LeRoy obtains
the sum S = 13,689. For how many choices of N are the two rightmost digits of S, in
order, the same as those of 2N ?

Answers
28.1 3

28.2 227

28.3 0.7

28.4 16

28.1.1 13

28.1.2 21

28.1.3 151

28.1.4 621

28.1.5 8

28.1.6 11

28.1.7 11

308
[Link] Chapter 28. Bases

28.1.8 8

28.1.9 22

28.1.10 13

28.1.11 925

28.1.12 315

28.1.13 155

28.1.14 321

28.1.15 222

28.1.16 925

28.1.17 371

28.1.18 621

28.1.19 21

28.1.20 151

28.1.21 25

309

Common questions

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Reconciling base representations where a number n appears differently across bases like 14, 15, and 6 centers on understanding the intrinsic relation of digit placement to value. Strategy involves foundational calculations: establish each base's evaluation equation from digits a, b, and c, then derive congruences for equivalence across all bases. By solving resulting simultaneous modular systems or evaluating known variable constraints, reconciliation is realized, computing n's singular form aligning to criteria across bases and yielding its unique base-10 form .

Base manipulation for solving values like determining base-b integers as perfect squares/cubes involves algebraic strategy adjusted for base-specific numeral algebra. Translating expressions, 36b (perfect square) and 27b (perfect cube), into base-10, invokes squaring relationships structured upon knowing 36 roots in base-b are streamlined by basic factor rules applied between states like base-10 transformation. Systematically adjusting and comparing prime factors affirms these properties, mythically reducing their structures to these quantities elucidating bases' workings over multiplicative properties .

In a base-n system, a repeating decimal is formatted similarly to base-10 but using base-n digits. For the fraction \( \frac{7}{51} \), the repeating base-k representation 0.23k translates into a recurring sequence of digits repeated in base-k. By recognizing patterns in the fractional remainders when converting from base-10, it aids in determining k such that 7 repeatedly divided by \( 51k \) in successive calculations aligns with the repeating '23' sequence since it maintains equivalent fractional remainder progressions .

In number bases like base-three, restricting representation to non-zero increases unique combinations possible within the fixed digit count. Given constraints like numbers within a limit, such as less than 2017, translating this constraint in terms of digits e.g., 1s and 2s only in base-three, restricts available numerical 'words'. Thus, calculating feasible integer lists via combinatorial techniques to enumerate valid configurations underscore number diversity under these restrictions and conditions, maximizing inclusive counts within parameters .

A '7-10 double' is a unique pattern where a number's base-7 digit composition, interpreted as a base-10 number, equals twice the actual base-10 number. This self-similar property implies encoded symmetry between different bases for identical values. To solve, each potential number's base-7 representation can be verified by constructing candidate digit places that meet this 'double' condition. The largest such number, fitting the requirement when rearranged between bases accurately, is further guided by computational viability justifying its maximum capacity .

To determine the probability a base-10, three-digit number n will appear as a three-digit numeral in both base-9 and base-11, one would calculate the range of n that fits these criteria in each base. A three-digit number in a non-decimal base means the number falls between the square of the base and one less than the base cubed. For base-9, this range is 81 (9^2) to 728 (8x9^2). Similarly, for base-11, it is from 121 (11^2) to 1330. The intersection of these ranges is pertinent for evaluating probability; thus the total base-10 numbers fulfilling this criterion divided by 900 (range of 3-digit base-10 numbers) provides a probabilistic ratio .

Mathematical principles for divisibility by three in any base emerge from the sum of digits evenly divided by three. For an expression like 2021b − 221b, investigating each component's digit sum translates into base values via modular arithmetic. Specifically, it follows testing base equivalences like how powers and coefficients modify overall divisibility when affecting resulting sums and potential remainders in the expression. From different bases, divisibility is a conditional property rooted in recognizing how internal sums relate to multiples of three inherently .

A number's expression changes based on the base by altering the coefficients of powers according to the base. In base-n, digits are weighted by powers of n, and regrouping happens every n rather than every 10 as in base-10. For example, the base-nine representation of the number N, 27,006,000,052nine, demonstrates this as it can be evaluated algebraically by powers of nine: 2 x 9^10 + 7 x 9^9 + 0 x 9^8 + ... and so on. When considering this representation for calculating residues, such as finding the remainder when N is divided by 5, each power can be reduced modulo 5 to simplify the work .

The distribution and combination of digits affect divisibility and sums in different bases by altering the numerical weight assigned. For instance, when Bernardo chooses a three-digit number N with representations in base-5 as 10,444 and base-6 as 3,245, viewed simply as their base-10 equivalents affects divisibility checks and subsequent sums. This illustrates how LeRoy, interpreting them as base-10 sums, generates a sum S that reflects how digits interplay between bases. This impacts the interpretation of its divisibility or conformity to another criterion, such as whether the digits 2N in base-10 match the two rightmost digits of S .

Base conversions leverage the unique characteristics of bases' digit sets and their associated powers. For instance, a positive integer N with a base-eleven representation abc and base-eight representation 1bca requires exploiting digit placement that satisfies both base conditions simultaneously. By equating abc base-11 (a x 11^2 + b x 11 + c) and 1bca base-8, one solves for a, b, and c such that terms align from mixed base configurations into base-10, particularly through common divisors or moduli checks to reveal the lowest solution for N .

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