Math 105
ENGINEERING DATA ANALYSIS FOR CE
Problem Set No. 2
PROBABILITY
General Instructions: The format of the Problem Set is presented in the last part of this file.
Problem No. 1
List the elements of each of the following sample spaces:
a. The set of integers between 1 and 100 divisible by 7
b. The set 𝑆 = {𝑥|2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 5 = 0}
c. The set of outcomes when a coin is tossed until a tail or three heads appear
d. The set 𝑆 = {𝑥|𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛}
e. The set 𝑆 = {𝑥|2𝑥 −4 ≥ 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 < 1}
Problem No. 2
If 𝑆 = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,11,12} and 𝐴 = {0,2,4,6,8,10,12}, 𝐵 = {1,3,5,7,9,11}, 𝐶 =
{2,3,4,5,10},
and 𝐷 = {1,6,7,11,12}, list the elements of the sets corresponding to the following events:
a. 𝐴 ∪ 𝐶
b. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵
c. 𝐶′
d. (𝐶′ ∩ 𝐷) ∪ 𝐵
e. (𝑆 ∩ 𝐶)′
f. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐶 ∩ 𝐷′
Problem No. 3
Consider the sample space 𝑆 = {𝐻𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑦, 𝐻𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑆𝑖𝑙𝑡, 𝐿𝑜𝑤
𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑦,
𝐿𝑜𝑤 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑆𝑖𝑙𝑡, 𝑊𝑒𝑙𝑙 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑆𝑎𝑛𝑑, 𝑃𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑙𝑦 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑆𝑎𝑛𝑑, 𝑆𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑦 𝑆𝑎𝑛𝑑, 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑦𝑒𝑦
𝑆𝑎𝑛𝑑,
𝑊𝑒𝑙𝑙 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙, 𝑃𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑙𝑦 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙, 𝑆𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑦 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙, 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑦𝑒𝑦 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙} and the
events:
𝐴 = {𝐻𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑦, 𝐻𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑆𝑖𝑙𝑡, 𝐿𝑜𝑤 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑦, 𝐿𝑜𝑤
𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑆𝑖𝑙𝑡}
𝐵 = {𝑊𝑒𝑙𝑙 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑆𝑎𝑛𝑑, 𝑃𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑙𝑦 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑆𝑎𝑛𝑑, 𝑆𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑦 𝑆𝑎𝑛𝑑, 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑦𝑒𝑦 𝑆𝑎𝑛𝑑}
𝐶 = {𝑊𝑒𝑙𝑙 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙, 𝑃𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑙𝑦 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙, 𝑆𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑦 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙, 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑦𝑒𝑦 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙}
a. 𝐴′
b. 𝐴 ∪ 𝐶
c. (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ′ ) ∪ 𝐶 ′
d. 𝐵 ′ ∩ 𝐶 ′
e. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶
f.
(𝐴′ ∪ 𝐵′) ∩ (𝐴′ ∩ 𝐶)
Problem No. 4
There are three limit states for controlling strength of a tension member. These are the yielding
of the gross section away from connection, fracture of the effective net area at the
connection, and the block shear failure at the connection. Let Y be the event that there will
be yielding of gross section away from connection, F be the event of fracture of the effective
net area at the connection, and B be the event of block shear failure at the connection.
Referring to the Venn diagram below, state in words the events represented by the following
regions (numbers):
a. Region 5b. Region 3
c. Regions 1 and 2 together
d. Regions 4 and 7 together
e. Regions 3,6,7, and 8 together
Problem No. 5
A certain hardware store sells ceramic tiles in 5 different styles, with each style available in 4
distinct colors. If the store wishes to display these tiles showing all of its various styles and colors,
how many different tiles will the store have on display?
Problem No. 6
Answer the following problems on permutations and combinations.
a. In how many ways can 4 boys and 5 girls sit in a row if the boys and girls must alternate?
b. Four married couples have bought 8 seats in the same row for a concert. In how many
different ways can they be seated (a) with no restrictions? (b) if each couple is to sit
together? (c) if all the men sit together to the right of all the women?
c. How many distinct permutations can be made from the letters of the word INFINITY?
d. How many ways are there to select 3 candidates from 8 equally qualified fresh
graduates for openings in a structural consultancy firm?
e. How many ways are there that no two students will have the same birth date in a class
of size 60?
Problem No. 7
Suppose that in a construction site of 500 employees it is found that 210 smoke, 258 drink
alcoholic beverages, 216 eat between meals, 122 smoke and drink alcoholic beverages, 83
eat between meals and drink alcoholic beverages, 97 smoke and eat between meals, and
52 engage in all three of these bad health practices. If one employee is selected at random,
find the probability that the employee
a. Smokes but does not drink alcoholic beverages
b. Eats between meals and drinks alcoholic beverages but does not smoke
c. Neither smokes nor eats between meals
Problem No. 8
In a construction site, the management decided to implement a three (3) shift scheme to
maximize the work of its employees to meet the project’s deadline. Moreover, workers are
constantly encouraged to practice zero tolerance when it comes to accidents in construction
sites. Accidents can occur because the working environment or conditions themselves are
unsafe. On the other hand, accidents can occur due to carelessness or so-called human error.
In addition, the worker’s shift, 7:00-3:00 P.M. (day shift), 3:00-11:00 P.M. (evening shift), or 11:00
P.M. - 7:00 A.M. (graveyard shift), may be a factor. During the last year, 300 accidents have
occurred. The percentages of the accidents for the condition combinations are as follows:
If an accident report is selected randomly from the 300 reports,
a. What is the probability that the accident occurred on the graveyard shift?
b. What is the probability that the accident occurred due to human error?
c. What is the probability that the accident occurred due to unsafe conditions?
d. What is the probability that the accident occurred on either the evening or the
graveyard shift?
Problem No.9
A class in Engineering Data Analysis for CE is composed of 10 juniors, 30 seniors, and 10
graduate students. The final grades show that 3 of the juniors, 10 of the seniors, and 5 of the
graduate students received 1.00 for the course. If a student is chosen at random from this class
and is found to have earned 1.00, what is the probability that he or she is a senior?
Problem No. 10
A paint-store chain produces and sells latex and semigloss paint. Based on long-range sales,
the probability that a customer will purchase latex paint is 0.75. Of those that purchase latex
paint, 60% also purchase rollers. But only 30% of semigloss paint buyers purchase rollers. A
randomly selected buyer purchases a roller and a can of paint. What is the probability that
the paint is latex?