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Science
Quarter 10 – Module 1:
The Colors of the Rainbow
Science – Grade 10
Quarter 2 – Module 1: The Colors of the Rainbow
First Edition, 2020

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Department of Education – Division of Davao City

Office Address: E. Quirino Avenue, Davao City

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 10

Science
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
The Colors of the Rainbow
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to
use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress
while allowing them to manage their own learning at home.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different
activities in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be
reminded of the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking
your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always
bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material,
you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding
of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the world of Physics. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

✓ Describe and compare the waves that make up the electromagnetic

spectrum in terms of their wavelength.
✓ Compare the wavelengths of the different colors of light in the visible
light spectrum

What I Know

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which has the longest wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum?

A. Microwaves C. Infrared
B. Radio Waves D. Bluetooth

2. What is the frequency range of UV radiation?

A. 3.5 x 109 to 3 x 1011 Hz C. 7.5 x 1014 to 3 x 1016 Hz
B. 3.5 x 1011 to 3 x 10114 Hz D. 7.5 x 1016 to 3 x 1019 Hz

3. Which electromagnetic wave carries more energy than the others?

A. Microwaves C. UV Radiation
B. Radio Waves D. Visible Light

4. Which of the following has shorter wavelengths than radio waves and can
easily be absorbed by water?
A. Microwaves C. Infrared
B. Gamma Rays D. Visible light

5. What is the range of frequencies are our eyes sensitive to?

A. 3 x 109 to 3 x 1011 Hz C. 4 x 1014 to 7.5 x 1014 Hz
B. 3 x 1011 to 4 x 1014 Hz D. 7.5 x 1014 to 3 x 1016 Hz

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6. Which has the shortest wavelength among the EM waves listed below?
A. Microwaves C. Gamma Rays
B. Radio Waves D. X - rays

7. Which type of electromagnetic wave cannot be detected by the human eye?

A. Gamma rays C. Green Light
B. White Light D. Visible Light

8. Which of the EM waves below has the highest frequency?

A. Violet Light C. UV Rays
B. Radio Waves D. Red Light

9. Which among the colors of light has the longest wavelength?

A. Green light C. Red light
B. Blue light D. Indigo light

10. Which of the following light has the shortest wavelength?

A. Green light C. Yellow light
B. Blue light D. Indigo light

11. Which of the following provides the correct comparison of the wavelength λ
of X rays (A), Visible Light (B), and Radio Waves (C)?
A. λA < λB < λC C. λA < λB > λC
B. λA > λB > λC D. λA = λB < λC

12. Which of the following provides the correct comparison of the frequency f of
X rays (A), Visible Light (B), and Radio Waves (C)?
A. fA > fB > fC C. fA < fB > fC
B. fA < fB < fC D. fA = fB < fC

13. Which of the following provides the correct comparison of the speed v of X
rays (A), Yellow Light (B), and Violet Waves (C) in a vacuum?
A. vA > vB = vC C. vA > vB > vC
B. vA = vB = vC D. vA < vB < vC

14. Which of the following provides the correct comparison of the energy E of X
rays (A), Visible Light (B), and Radio Waves (C)?
A. EA > EB > EC C. EA < EB > EC
B. EA < EB < EC D. EA = EB = EC

15. Which of the following is NOT a description of EM waves?

A. Transverse waves C. Mechanical waves
B. Travel at 3 x 108 m/s in a D. Have different wavelengths and
vacuum frequencies

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 Lesson

1 The Colors of the Rainbow

What is a rainbow? You have probably noticed that rainbows appear after a
rain shower. But what is it really?
Some say that rainbows are
beautiful representations of light. It is
a meteorological phenomenon that is
caused by reflection, refraction and
dispersion of sunlight in water droplets
suspended in the atmosphere after a
rain shower. The tiny suspended water
droplets act as tiny prisms that refract
and disperse sunlight (or white light).
These rays get reflected internally and
emerge out of the droplets forming a
spectrum of colors appearing in the sky.
A rainbow shows up as a
spectrum of light: a band of colors that
includes red, orange, yellow, green,
blue, and violet. The different colors of
Copyright 1999 Rebecca McDowell
a rainbow have different wavelengths <[Link]
accordingly and all of them are
considered electromagnetic waves.
You will learn in this lesson the different regions of electromagnetic waves (EM
waves) and their frequencies and energies. Also, you will be able to compare and
contrast these EM waves in terms of frequency and energy which depend on their
wavelengths.

What’s In

Before we proceed further, it is important to look back on your past lessons

that are in some way related to this topic on different forms of electromagnetic waves.
These lessons could be taken from your lower science classes that find connection
to this present topic.
So are you ready? Let’s begin!

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 Activity 1: Unscramble me
Procedures:
1. Unscramble the letters below and write the words formed on the space provided.
2. Use the pictures above as a clue.
3. Answer the questions.

Adapted from BEAM Learning Module for 4th

Year Students

• GUSLHINT _______________________________
• IRADOEVWA _______________________________
• CWAROMVIE _______________________________
• RAXY _______________________________
• DERFARNI _______________________________
• CULANERLAPNT _______________________________
• SIBIVELGLITH _______________________________
• RFECELOINT _______________________________
• EFRRCATNOI _______________________________
• TLNHGEEAVW _______________________________

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 What’s New

The Colors of Light are EM Waves

Have you heard of the term electromagnetic waves or EM waves?
We are surrounded by various sources of
electromagnetic waves. The colors of light that
we see in a rainbow are also considered
electromagnetic waves. Visible light, itself, is an
electromagnetic wave. Since the colors of the
rainbow are what consists the visible light, we
refer to the band of colors as the visible light
spectrum. The visible light spectrum is just one
of the members of the electromagnetic spectrum. [Link] 1
But what are they? How come we refer to
sunlight as visible light? How do the members of the electromagnetic spectrum differ
from each other?
Let us learn more in the succeeding parts of this module.

What is It

Mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves are two important ways that
energy is transported in the world around us. Water waves and sound waves are
examples of mechanical waves. They require a medium, such as solid, liquid, or
gas, to propagate. Electromagnetic waves, on the other hand, do not require a
medium to propagate. They can travel not only through air, but also through the
vacuum of space. The light that comes from the sun and other distant stars is an
example of an electromagnetic wave.

Electromagnetic Waves
From your Grade 8 Science, you learned that waves, in general, have wave
speed v, wavelength λ, and frequency f.

In a vacuum, all electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed known as c

which is approximately equal to 3 x 108 m/s.

From the equation, v = λf, when the wave speed is taken to be constant, we
find that wavelength and wave frequency have inverse relationship. This means that
when the wave frequency is high, the wavelength is short.

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 Electromagnetic waves exist with an enormous range of frequencies. This also
means that electromagnetic waves have different wavelengths and energy.

This continuous range of frequencies is known as the electromagnetic

spectrum. The entire range of the spectrum is often broken into specific regions. The
subdividing of the entire spectrum into smaller spectra is done mostly on the basis
of how each region of electromagnetic waves interacts with matter.

Figure 1: Relative wavelengths of the forms of EM waves

Figure 1 depicts the electromagnetic spectrum and its various regions, namely
Radio wave, Microwaves, Infrared, Visible light, Ultraviolet rays, X rays, and Gamma
radiation. The longer wavelength, lower frequency regions are located on the far left
of the spectrum and the shorter wavelength, higher frequency regions are on the far
right. Two very narrow regions within the spectrum are the visible light region and
the X-ray region

Electromagnetic Wavelengths: Energy and Frequency

Figure [Link] spectrum. Reprinted from BEAM Learning Guide (p. 40), by BEAM
(2008).Reprinted with permission.

Figure 2 shows the different types of electromagnetic waves as defined by the

amount of energy carried by/possessed by the photons. From the EM spectrum, the
lowest energy/longest wavelength EM waves are found at the rightmost while the
highest energy/shortest wavelength are found in the leftmost. This also shows some
examples and uses of the electromagnetic waves.

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Table [Link] electromagnetic waves’ wavelengths, frequencies, and energies
EM Wave Wavelength (m) Frequency (Hz) Energy
Radio > 1 x 10-1 < 3 x 109 < 2 x 10-24
Microwave 1 x 10-3 -1 x 10-1 3 x 109 - 3 x 1011 2 x 10-24 - 2 x 10-22
Infrared 7 x 10-7 - 1 x 10-3 3 x 1011 - 4 x 1014 2 x 10-22 - 3 x 10-19
Visible 4 x 10-7 - 7 x 10-7 4 x 10 - 7.5 x 10
14 14 3 x 10-19 - 5 x 10-19
UV 1 x 10-8 - 4 x 10-7 7.5 x 10 - 3 x 10
14 16 5 x 10-19 - 2 x 10-17
X-ray 1 x 10-11 - 1 x 10-8 3 x 1016 - 3 x 1019 2 x 10-17 - 2 x 10-14
Gamma < 1 x 10-11 > 3 x 10 19 > 2 x 10-14

Table 2 shows the relative wavelength, frequency, and energy of each of the
different types of electromagnetic waves. The radio wave has the longest wavelength
among of all yet has the least frequency and energy. While the gamma rays has the
shortest wavelength among of all but it has the highest frequency and the amount of
energy. Therefore, the longer the wavelength, the lesser the energy and lower the
frequency of an electromagnetic wave. The shorter the wavelength the greater the
amount of energy and frequency of electromagnetic wave.

Frequency – Wavelength Relationship

It should be noted that frequency f and wavelength λ have an inverse

relationship as described by the equation,

𝑓∙𝜆 =𝑐

Here
f - the frequency of the electromagnetic wave
λ - its wavelength
c - the speed of light in a vacuum, usually given as 3 x 108 m/s.

Suppose a certain EM wave has a wavelength of 4.5 x 10-3 m. How do we find

its frequency using the above equation? What EM wave has this wave frequency?
To find the frequency, the following steps shall be done:
𝑚
𝒄 3 𝑥 108 𝑠
𝒇 = =
𝝀 4.5 𝑥 10−3 𝑚
𝒇 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟖+𝟑 𝑯𝒛 = 𝟔. 𝟕 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎 𝑯𝒛

The frequency of the wave is 6.7 x 1010 Hz and based on the table, this EM
wave is a microwave.

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 What’s More

Activity 2: What’s my length?

Objective: Compare the relative wavelengths of different forms of electromagnetic
waves.

Materials:
Activity sheet
Paper and pen

Procedure:

1. Using the table of electromagnetic spectrum, determine the frequency and

wavelength ranges of each of the forms of electromagnetic waves.

Electromagnetic spectrum. Reprinted from EASE Module 7: Wireless Communication and

Electromagnetic Wave (p.7), by EASE. Reprinted with permission

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 1. Enter your data on the table:

Guide Questions:

1. Describe the relationship between the following properties of the wave:

a. Wavelength and frequency
b. Frequency and energy
c. Wavelength and energy

2. The Sun is a yellow star. It can warm our skin and give us light so we can
see. However, the Sun can also burn us. How do we explain these daily
phenomena in terms of EM spectrum and wavelength?

3. Compare the frequency and energy carried by UV waves to that of visible

light.

What I Have Learned

1. Most EM waves are invisible to the eye but detectable. Only the visible light is seen
by humans.
2. Waves in the EM spectrum include the following from the longest wavelength to
the shortest wavelength:
▪ Radio waves – Microwaves - Infrared waves - Visible light – Ultraviolet – X-rays
– Gamma rays

3. The order also shows the increasing frequency and energy of the EM waves.
4. The waves in the various regions in the EM spectrum share similar properties but
differ in wavelength, frequency, energy, and method of production. However, they all
travel at the same speed in a vacuum of space.

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 What I Can Do

Activity 3: Let’s Compare Waves!

Objective: Compare the different regions of the spectrum

Materials:
✓ Activity sheet
✓ Paper and pen

1. In each of the following pairs, underline the form of EM wave with the
LONGER WAVELENGTH:

A. Green Light or Blue Light

B. Microwaves or Radio waves
C. Infrared or Red Light
D. Gamma Rays or UV Radiation

2. In each of the following pairs, underline the form of EM wave with the
GREATER FREQUENCY:

A. Yellow Light or Green Light

B. X-rays or Gamma Rays
C. UV Radiation or Violet Light
D. AM Radio waves or FM Radio waves

3. In each of the following pairs, underline the form of EM wave with the
LOWER ENERGY:

A. Red Light or Blue Light

B. Microwaves or Radio waves
C. Infrared or Red Light
D. Gamma rays or UV Radiation
E. Yellow Light or Green Light
F. X-rays or Gamma rays
G. UV radiation or Violet light
H. AM radio waves or FM radio waves

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 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. What is the range of frequencies are our eyes sensitive to?

A. 3 x 109 to 3 x 1011 Hz C. 4 x 1014 to 7.5 x 1014 Hz
B. 3 x 1011 to 4 x 1014 Hz D. 7.5 x 1014 to 3 x 1016 Hz

2. Which of the following is NOT a description of EM waves?

A. Transverse waves C. Mechanical waves
B. Travel at 3 x 108 m/s in a D. Have different wavelengths and
vacuum frequencies

3. Which has the longest wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum?

A. Microwaves C. Infrared
B. Radio Waves D. Bluetooth

4. Which of the following provides the correct comparison of the wavelength λ

of X rays (A), Visible Light (B), and Radio Waves (C)?
A. λA < λB < λC C. λA < λB > λC
B. λA > λB > λC D. λA = λB < λC

5. Which of the following provides the correct comparison of the energy E of X

rays (A), Visible Light (B), and Radio Waves (C)?
A. EA > EB > EC C. EA < EB > EC
B. EA < EB < EC D. EA = EB = EC

6. Which of the following provides the correct comparison of the frequency f of

X rays (A), Visible Light (B), and Radio Waves (C)?
A. fA > fB > fC C. fA < fB > fC
B. fA < fB < fC D. fA = fB < fC

7. What is the frequency range of UV radiation?

A. 3.5 x 109 to 3 x 1011 Hz C. 7.5 x 1014 to 3 x 1016 Hz
B. 3.5 x 10 to 3 x 10 Hz
11 14 D. 7.5 x 1016 to 3 x 1019 Hz

8. Which has the shortest wavelength among the EM waves listed below?
A. Microwaves C. Gamma Rays
B. Radio Waves D. X - rays

9. Which among the colors of light has the longest wavelength?

A. Green light C. Red light
B. Blue light D. Indigo light

10. Which type of electromagnetic wave cannot be detected by the human eye?
A. Gamma rays C. Green Light
B. White Light D. Visible Light

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 11. Which of the EM waves below has the highest frequency?
A. Violet Light C. UV Rays
B. Radio Waves D. Red Light

12. Which electromagnetic wave carries more energy than the others?
A. Microwaves C. UV Radiation
B. Radio Waves D. Visible Light

13. Which of the following has shorter wavelengths than radio waves and can
easily be absorbed by water?
A. Microwaves C. Infrared
B. Gamma Rays D. Visible light

14. Which of the following light has the shortest wavelength?

A. Green light C. Yellow light
B. Blue light D. Indigo light

15. Which of the following provides the correct comparison of the speed v of X
rays (A), Yellow Light (B), and Violet Waves (C) in a vacuum?
A. vA > vB = vC C. vA > vB > vC
B. vA = vB = vC D. vA < vB < vC

Additional Activities

Answer the following questions by coloring the box according to its color.
1. Which has the highest wavelength:

RED Green

2. Which has the shortest wavelength:

Yellow Blue

3. Which has the highest wavelength:

Indigo Green

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 4. Which has the shortest wavelength?

Green Red

5. Which has the highest wavelength?

Indigo Orange

Answer Key

Pretest Assessment Activity 1: Unscramble me

1. B 7. A 13. B [Link] 6. Nuclear plant
2. Radio wave 7. Visible Light
2. C 8. C 14. A
3. Microwave 8. Reflection
3. C 9. C 15. C 4. Xray 9. Refraction
4. A 10. D 5. Infrared 10. Wavelength
5. C 11. A
6. C 12. A

Activity 2: What’s my length?

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1. Describe the relationship between the following properties of the wave:
a. Wavelength and frequency- Inversely proportional
b. Frequency and energy- Directly proportional
c. Wavelength and energy- Inversely proportional
2. UV rays are harmful to the skin because it has a higher energy level than visible
light.
3. UV rays have a higher frequency and energy than visible light.
Activity 3: Let’s Compare Waves!
In each of the following pairs, underline the form of EM wave with the LONGER
WAVELENGTH:
A, Green Light or Blue Light
B. Microwaves or Radiowaves
C. Inrared or Red Light
D. Gamma Rays or UV Radiation

2. In each of the following pairs, underline the form of EM wave with the GREATER
FREQUENCY:
A. Yellow Light or Green Light
B. X-rays or Gamma Rays
C. UV Radiation or Violet Light
D. AM Radio waves or FM Radio waves

3. In each of the following pairs, underline the form of EM wave with the LOWER
ENERGY:
A. Red Light or Blue Light
B. Microwaves or Radio waves
C. Infrared or Red Light
D. Gamma rays or UV Radiation
E. Yellow Light or Green Light
F. X-rays or Gamma rays
G. UV radiation or Violet light
H. AM radio waves or FM radio waves

Posttest Assessment
A. Multiple Choice
1. C 6. A 11. C
2. C 7. C 12. C
3. B 8. C 13. A
4. A 9. C 14. D
5. A 10.A 15. B

Additional Activities

1. Red 4. green
2. Blue 5. orange
3. green

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References
Acosta, H., Alvarez, L., Angeles, D., Arre, R., Carmona, M. P., Garcia, A.,
Gatpo, A., Marcaida, J., Olarte, M. R., Rosales, M., & Salazar,
N.(2015).Science learner’s material- unit 2- force, motion and energy, Printed
in the Philippines by REX Book Store, Inc., Published by the Department of
Education, p. 53-71.

BEAM (2008).The electromagnetic spectrum, Learning Guide, pp. 1-61.

Department of Education (2016).DepEd logo, Retrieved from K to 12 Science

Curriculum Guide (August, 2016) on May 5, 2017.

From Science 10 Learner’s Material Unit 2, p. 150, by H. Acosta et al., 2015, Pasig
City, Philippines, Department of Education.

From Science 10 Learner’s Material Unit 2, p. 162, by H. Acosta et al., 2015, Pasig
City, Philippines, Department of Education.

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Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

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