EARTH SCIENCE
QUARTER 2 LESSON 13
MELC
Describe the history of the Earth
through geologic time S11ES-IIj-39
OBJECTIVES
1. Discuss the history of the Earth
through geologic time scale
2. Trace the history of the early Earth,
ACTIVITY 1:
DO THIS! THE TIME OF MY LIFE!
Directions: Give the data of the following
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Happiest Moment Success Story
Greatest wish Memorable event
Unexpected experience
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
LESSON:
The History of Earth
QUESTIONS:
1. For how long has there been life on
Earth?
2. For about how many years of
geological time have humans existed
on Earth?
3. Did dinosaurs exist at the same time as
humans?
QUESTIONS:
4. For about how many years of
geological time have the dinosaurs
existed on Earth?
5. What is the purpose of making a
geological timeline?
The Geological Time Scale
-The geologic time scale is
a system of chronological
dating that relates
geological strata to time.
What is Geological Time Scale?
The Geological Time Scale
-It is used by geologists,
paleontologists and other
Earth scientists to describe
the timing and relationships
of events that have occurred
during Earth’s history.
The geological time scale
divides the history of Earth
into eons, eras, periods
and epochs.
[Link]
-It has the largest
intervals of geologic
time. A single eon covers
a period of several
hundred million years.
-
[Link]
-The history of the Earth
has been divided into
three eons: Archaean,
Proterozoic and
Phanerozoic.
A. Archaean Eon
(4.00-250 BYA)
-it is the period where life
first formed on Earth,
archean and bacteria.
Earth cooled down and
was able to support
continents and oceans.
B. Proterozoic Eon(2.50-0.541BYA)
-it is the period just before the
proliferation of complex life
on Earth.
-There were extensive shallow
epicontinental seas and rocks
are less metamorphosed than
Archean age.
C. Phanerozoic Eon
(541MYA to present)
-it is the period of visible life
where rapid expansion and
evolution of life forms occur
and fill the various
ecological niches available
Precambrian time
-also known as the “time of
hidden life”.
-The time between Earth’s
formation and the
beginning of the Paleozoic
era are often collectively
2. ERA
-Eras are defined by major
changes in the Earth's
climate, geography, and the
diversity of life.
2. ERA
-It is the subdivision of eons.
The geologic time scale is
divided into three eras –
Paleozoic (time of ancient
life), the Mesozoic (time of
middle life) and the Cenozoic
(time of recent life).
2. ERA
Name of era Transition events
Ma
Paleozoic era
544
First appearance of
organisms with hard parts –
specific event: The
Cambrian Explosion
Mesozoic era Extinction of over 90% of
250
living
organisms including
trilobites
Cenozoic era
65
Extinction of dinosaurs and
many
other organisms
The Mesozoic Era
-The most significant event was
the rise of the dinosaurs. A
famous Jurassic deposit is the
Morrison Formation, within which
the world’s richest storehouse of
dinosaurs was preserved. True
pines and red woods appeared
and rapidly spread.-
The Mesozoic Era
-Known as the age of reptiles,
Mesozoic Era is made up of
three periods: Triasic, Jurassic
and Creataceous.
-
The Mesozoic Era
-Flowering plants arose and their
emergence accelerated the
evolution of insects.
-A major event of this era was
the breakup of Pangea. At the
end of this era, the dinosaurs
and reptiles were completely
wiped out.
The Cenozoic Era
-This era is known as the “age of
mammals” because mammals
replaced the reptiles as the
dominant land animal.
-It is also sometimes called the “
age of flowering plants” because
angiosperms replaced
gymnosperms as the dominant
The Cenozoic Era
This era is made up of two periods:
Tertiary and Quarternary. From
oldest to youngest the periods are
broken up into the Paleocene,
Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene and
Pliocene for the Tertiary period
and the Pleistocene and
Holocene for the Quarternary
period.
3. Periods are major
subdivisions of geologic time.
Geologic periods are
subdivisions of eras. They are
defined based on major
changes in the fossil record,
which reflect changes in the
Earth's environment and the
evolution of life
The Six Major Periods of
Paleozoic Era
[Link] Period
Almost all marine organisms came
into existence as evidenced by
abundant fossils. One important
event is the development of
organisms having the ability to
secrete calcium carbonate and
calcium phosphate for the
formation of shells.
[Link] Period
The evolution of chordates,
animal with dorsal nerve cord,
hard resembled clams and
arthropods ancestors of spiders,
insects and crustaceans. There
were two supercontinents during
this period, Gondwana and
Laurentia.
Gondwana and Laurentia.
[Link] Period
This period marked the earliest
appearance of vertebrates and
the jawless fish known as
Agnatha. Ordovician rocks have
distinction of occurring at the
highest elevation on Earth – the
top of Mount Everest.
[Link] Period
During this period, the level of
carbon dioxide was several
higher than today. There were
four major continents separated
by three major oceans.
3. Silurian Period
This period brought the
emergence of terrestrial life, the
earliest well developed
circulatory system (vascular
plants) known as Cooksonia. As
plants move ashore so did other
terrestrial organisms.
3. Silurian Period
Air-breathing scorpions and
millipedes were common during
the period. Romundina, a
primitive armoured fish with a
cartilage skeleton is the earliest
fish known to have jaws. Three
northern continents collided
forming the new supercontinent
Euramerica.
[Link] Period
This period was known as the
“age of fishes”. Lowland
forests of seed ferns, scale
trees and true ferns
flourished. Sharks and bony
fishes developed.
[Link] Period
Today the lung fishes and coelacanth, a
“living fossil” have such internal nostrils
and breathe in a similar way. The first
amphibians made their appearance,
although able to live on land, they
need to return to water to lay their
eggs. The Kellwasser Event was largely
responsible for the demise of the great
coral reefs, jawless fishes and trilobites.
[Link] Period
Warm, moist climate conditions
contributed to lash vegetation
and dense swampy forests.
Insects under rapid evolution
led to such diverse forms of
giant cockroaches and
dragonflies.
[Link] Period
The evolution of the first reptiles
took place with the
development of the amniotic
egg, a porous shell containing
a membrane that provided an
environment for embryo.
[Link] Period
The Coal Age, the formation of
organic deposits of coal in
plant debris formed the world’s
first extensive coal deposits.
[Link] Period
A dramatic climatic shift may
have been partially triggered
the assembly of smaller
continents into a
supercontinent, Pangea which
was surrounded by an immense
ocean called Panthalassa.
[Link] Period
The reptiles were well-suited to
their environment that they ruled
the Earth for 200 million years. The
two major groups of reptiles –
diapsids and synapsids dominated
this period. Diapsids gave rise to
the dinosaurs while synapsids gave
rise to mammals.
Epochs are subdivisions of
geologic periods. They are
also defined by changes in
the Earth's rock record, but
these changes are generally
less significant than those
that define periods
Paleocene epoch: (66.0-56.0
million years ago)
The Paleocene epoch was
the first epoch of the
Cenozoic Era. It began with
the extinction of the dinosaurs
and ended with the rise of the
first mammals and birds