Modular learning can be in printed or digital format.
According to Mark Antony Llego (2020), modular
distance learning is learners‟ learning at their own pace, in their own way and using self-learning
modules (SLMs). It can be printed/digitized format/electronic copy that is appropriate to learners, and
other learning resources like learners‟ materials, textbook, activity sheets, study guides and other
learning materials. Learners can access electronic copies of learning materials on a computer, tablet PC,
or smartphones. CDs, DVDs, USB storage and computerbased applications can be used to deliver e-
learning materials, including offline E-books. The teacher takes responsibility for monitoring the
progress of learners. While the learners may ask help from them via-email, telephone, text
messaging/instant messaging, etc. Teachers shall do home visits to learners if the learners need
remediation or assistance in his/her module. Any member of the family or other stakeholders in the
community can aid. In addition, modular learning is a form of distance learning that uses self-learning
modules (SLM) and follows the most essential learning competencies (MELCS) provided by DepEd
(Manlangit, Paglumotan and Sapera).
The use of modules has its disadvantages also. According to Bijeesh (2017), without the presence of the
faculty and their classmates who remind them of their assignments the chances of getting distracted
and losing track of deadlines are high. In addition, in the study of Dangle, and Sumaoang (2020) they
revealed the main challenges that emerged in the implementation of modular distance learning where
budget is not enough in the making and delivery of modules; students had a hard time answering their
tasks on their modules and the lack of knowledge of parents academically to guide their child/children.
With all the advantages and disadvantages of using the modular learning as a learning modality, this
paper aims to determine the effect of printed modular learning on the academic performance of the
students.