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Manometer Pressure Measurement Tutorial

chemical engineering

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32 views4 pages

Manometer Pressure Measurement Tutorial

chemical engineering

Uploaded by

faizifitri0211
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Tutorial Manometer

1. A manometer connected to pipe in which a fluid is flowing indicates a negative gauge pressure
head of 50 mm of mercury. What is the absolute pressure in the pipe in N/m 2 if the atmospheric
pressure is 100 kPa.

2. The pressure difference between an oil pipe and water pipe is measured by a double-fluid
manometer as shown in Figure 1. For a given fluid heights and specific gravities, calculate the
pressure difference ΔP = PB - PA

Mercury
SG= 13.5

Figure 1: Double fluid manometer

3. The maximum blood pressure in the upper arm of a healthy person about 120 mmHg. If a vertical
tube open to the atmosphere is connected to the vein in the arm of the person (Figure 2),
determine how high the blood will rise in the tube. Take the density of the blood as 1050 kg/m3.

Figure 2: Vertical tube connected to a vein


4. The inverted U-tube manometer in Figure below, contain oil (s.g 0.9) and water as shown in Figure
3. The pressure differential between pipes A and B, (PA – PB) is -2.5 kPa. Detemine the differential
reading, h.

Figure 3: Differential U-tube manometer

5. Freshwater and seawater flowing in parallel horizontal pipelines are connected to each other by a
double U-tube manometer, as shown in Figure 4. Determine the pressure difference between the
two pipelines. Take the densities of seawater at that location to be ρ= 1035kg/m3. Can the air be
ignored in the analysis? (hw = 60 cm, hHg = 10 cm, hair = 70 cm, hsea = 40cm).

Figure 4: Differential double U-tube manometer


6. In Figure 5, fluid P is water and fluid Q is mercury. If the specific weight of mercury is 13.6 times
that of water and the atmospheric pressure is 101.3 kNm-2, determine the absolute pressure at A
when h1 = 15 cm and h2 = 30 cm.

Density, ρ1
A
B
h1

a
b
h2 h

Density, ρ2

Figure 5 Figure 6

7. A U-tube manometer (Figure 6) measures the pressure difference between two points A and B in a
liquid of density ρ1. The U-tube contains mercury of density ρ2. Calculate the difference of pressure
if a = 1.5 m, b = 0.75 m and h = 0.5 m if the liquid at A and B is water and ρ2 = 13.6 ρ1

8. For a gauge pressure at A of -10.89 kPa, find the specific gravity of the gauge liquid B in Figure 7.

Air 3.429 m

3.200 m A
3.048 m
Liquid B
2.743 m

Specific gravity = 1.60


Datum

Figure 7

9. A closed cylindrical tank filled with water has a hemispherical dome and is connected to an
inverted piping system as shown in Figure 8. The liquid in the top part of the piping system has a
specific gravity of 0.8, and the remaining parts of the system are filled with water. If the pressure
gage reading at A is 60 kPa, determine:
i) Pressure in pipe B.
ii) The pressure head, in mmHg, at top of the dome (point C).
Figure 8: Cylindrical tank connected to a pipe

10. Two water tanks are connected to each other through a mercury manometer with inclined tubes
(Figure 9). If the pressure difference between the two tanks is 20 kPa determine a and θ. Take the
specific gravity of mercury and density of water as 13.6 and 1000 kg/m3 respectively.

Figure 9: Water tanks connected to an inclined tube manometer

Common questions

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Identify the different segments of the system and the specific gravities of the fluids involved. Use the gauge pressure and known densities to calculate pressure heads for each fluid column. The total pressure in pipe B can be found by further computing the pressure head at point C using the dome height and density relationships, and extrapolating this with the system's geometric configuration .

Specific gravity relates the density of gauge liquid B to a reference density (usually water). Gauge pressure is given by the height difference of mercury and the liquid, adjusted by density: P_gauge = (density of mercury / density of water) * height difference * g. Given the specific gravity, calculate density and adjust for the gauge pressure formula .

Blood pressure of 120 mmHg can be converted to a pressure in N/m² using the equation P = ρgh. Using the blood density of 1050 kg/m³ and gravitational acceleration of 9.81 m/s², convert 120 mmHg to N/m², which is approximately 16,000 Pa. The height h can then be found with h = P / (ρg) leading to h = 16,000 Pa / (1050 kg/m³ * 9.81 m/s²), resulting in a height of about 1.55 meters .

Given the pressure differential PA - PB = -2.5 kPa, use the densities of oil (s.g = 0.9) and water to set up an equation for the pressure difference caused by each fluid column: Δh = (Pb - Pa) / (g(ρ_water - ρ_oil)). Solve for h using the known values: density of oil as 900 kg/m³ and density of water as 1000 kg/m³. Resulting in the differential reading h = 25 cm .

Given the pressure difference of 20 kPa and the specific gravity of mercury as 13.6, start by converting the pressure difference into height difference via ρ_mercury g h. The horizontal component of the liquid in the inclined tube relates by trigonometry as a = h / sin(θ). Solve these two equations to find specific values for 'a' and 'θ' knowing the density of mercury .

Convert the given gauge pressure to mmHg, then determine the height of the liquid column equivalent to that pressure in the manometer system using the equation: pressure head_hg = (Pressure / (ρ_mercury g)). Then, consider additional pressures resulting from any structural heights like the spherical dome added to the manometer readings for complete system understanding .

To find the absolute pressure in the pipe, convert the negative gauge pressure head of 50 mm of mercury to an equivalent pressure in N/m². The pressure due to the head can be calculated as (density of mercury x gravitational acceleration x height). Specifically, 50 mm Hg equates to about 6660.5 Pa. Since it is a negative gauge pressure, subtract this from atmospheric pressure of 100,000 Pa to get the absolute pressure: 100,000 Pa - 6660.5 Pa = 93,339.5 Pa .

Using the heights h₁ and h₂ for water and mercury respectively, calculate the pressure contribution from each fluid: P_water = ρ_water g h₁ and P_mercury = 13.6 ρ_water g h₂. Add these pressures, along with atmospheric pressure, to determine the absolute pressure at point A. Thus, Absolute Pressure = 101.3 kPa + P_water + P_mercury .

First, identify the heights and specific gravities of each fluid. Use the hydrostatic pressure equation to calculate the pressure exerted by each column of fluid. The pressure difference ΔP = PB - PA can be found by considering the densities, gravitational constants, and heights of all involved liquid columns according to the relation ΔP = ρgh1 - ρgh2 .

Air can typically be ignored in the analysis of pressure differences in a double U-tube manometer if the height of the air column does not significantly affect the resultant pressures of the liquid columns due to the low density of air compared to liquids like water or mercury. Specifically, if the air height is minimal (e.g., 70 cm), then its influence is negligible compared to liquid columns .

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