Zapanta, Shan Kyle M.
PCS1 12-13-24
201800108 Problem Set#4 Engr. Mel Kenneth Mabute
❖ Gravity Load Resisting Frame System
1. Gravity Load Resisting System (GLRS):
o Purpose: Designed to resist vertical loads like dead load (the weight of the
structure) and live load (occupants, equipment, etc.).
o Functionality: Primarily focused on vertical forces, with minimal resistance to
lateral forces (wind, seismic).
o Examples: Beam-column systems where beams carry loads to columns, and
columns transfer these loads to the foundation.
❖ Connections
Connections link different structural members, transferring forces between them. Here’s a
breakdown:
Simple Connections (Pinned Connections)
• Characteristic: Assumed to transfer shear forces only, with little to no resistance to
moments (rotations).
• Examples:
1. One-Sided Connection:
▪ Single Plate or Shear Tab Connection: A single plate (shear tab)
connects a beam to a column, primarily transferring shear.
▪ T Connection: A T-shaped steel component connects a beam to a column
for shear transfer.
2. Two-Sided Connection:
▪ Double Angle Connection: Two angles (on each side of the beam web)
connect the beam to a column, facilitating shear transfer from two sides.
3. Seated Connection:
▪ Unstiffened Connection: A seat angle supports the beam without
additional stiffening plates, offering some shear resistance but no moment
restraint.
▪ Stiffened Connection: A seat angle with stiffening plates for greater shear
capacity and stability, though still offering little to no moment resistance.
Fully Restrained Moment Connections (Rigid Connections)
• Characteristic: Transfer both shear and moments, preventing relative rotation between
connected members. These connections provide high rigidity, allowing for moment
transfer in both directions.
• Examples:
1. Flange-Plated Moment Connection: Plates are welded or bolted to the flanges
of beams and columns, providing full moment transfer.
2. Directly Plated Moment Connection: Plates connect directly to the beam and
column, usually with full welding, ensuring rigid moment transfer.
3. Extended End-Plate Moment Connection: An end-plate extends beyond the
beam and is bolted or welded to the column, offering a full moment connection
while providing flexibility in design.
Partially Restrained Moment Connections (Semi-Rigid Connections)
• Characteristic: Transfer some moments but allow for limited relative rotation between
members, offering flexibility while still providing some resistance to moment forces.
• Example:
1. Flange-Plated Partially Restrained Moment Connection: Similar to the fully
restrained version but allows some degree of flexibility and rotation, reducing
overall connection rigidity while still resisting part of the moment forces.
Comparison Summary
• Resisting Frames:
o Gravity Load Resisting Systems focus primarily on vertical loads, whereas
Lateral Load Resisting Systems are designed to resist horizontal (lateral) forces,
ensuring overall stability.
• Connections:
o Simple Connections primarily transfer shear, offering minimal moment
resistance and allowing for rotation.
o Fully Restrained Moment Connections provide full moment resistance,
ensuring rigidity at the joint, preventing relative rotation.
o Partially Restrained Moment Connections offer a compromise, allowing for
some rotational flexibility while still resisting part of the moment, making them
more flexible compared to fully restrained connections.
The choice of system and connection type depends on the structural requirements, such as
whether the frame needs to handle gravity loads, lateral loads, or both, and whether flexibility or
rigidity is prioritized in connection behavior.
❖ Lateral Load Resisting Frame System
o Purpose: Designed to resist lateral forces caused by wind, earthquakes, or other
horizontal forces acting on the structure.
o Functionality: Provides lateral stiffness and strength to ensure the building
doesn't sway excessively or collapse under lateral loads.
o Examples: Braced frames, shear walls, and moment-resisting frames.