Synchronous Generators:
We all are well aware of altenators and AC generators that are used to generate AC power. Synchronous
generators are one of the altenators type that also uses the electromagnetic induction propeties to translate
mechanical current into AC electrical current at a specific speed and frequency. The altenators
“synchronous generators” produces the AC power at synchronous speed and of required frequency
referring the name (Turtorialspoint, 2022).
The synchornous generators always follow a constant speed when converting mechanical power into
electrical power. These generators works on the basis of Faraday laws of electromagnetic induction.
According to the concept of electromagnetic induction an electromotive force is generated when the
armature coils rotates in the constant magnetic field thus forming sinusoidal curve (Circuitglobe, 2022).
The design of synchronous generator consist of two major component that is stator and rotor
(Circuitglobe, 2022). The rotor is the rotating tool that is vital field rod whereas stator as name suggest is
the stationary tool of the machine that consist of armature loop to generate voltage (Turtorialspoint,
2022).
Figure a (Circuitglobe, 2022)
Synchronization:
In general synchronization is define as a process of conducting of multiple operations giving a
simultanous response at the same time and rate (ScienceDirect, 2022).
Whereas, when talking about generators synchronization it is defined as the process of toning different
variables that are voltage, frequency, phase angle, phase sequence and waveform of the machine (WPC,
2022).
The concept of synchonization is used in the geneators when two or more alternators are required to
produce power to the field. The synchronization is applied before coupling the generators to manage the
intensive load as the electrical field varies (WPC, 2022).
The generators are synchronize with each other or power system and the generators are synchronize
before they are recoupled with power system or each other. Once they are synchronized the system can
run uniformly (WPC, 2022).
Consideration for Synchronization:
To synchronize a machine to the power system some important parameters must be considered for the
uniform production of the power. These consideration involves phase sequence, volatge magnitude,
frequency and phase angle.
Phase sequence or phase rotation is define as the sequence in which a waveform is delivered to its end.
When synchronizing a machine with the system the phase sequence of the alternator must follow the
same phase sequence as of the system (Edvard, 2013).
Voltage magnitude is define as the maximum value reached through the supply voltage. In the
synchronzation process the voltage magnitude of the machine should equalize the voltage magnitude of
the system (Edvard, 2013).
Frequency referred to the number of recurring events per unit of time. The frequency of the wavelength
produced by the generator must follow the frequency of the wavelength produced by power system
(WPC, 2022).
Phase angle is defined as the phase shift between the total volatge and total electric load. The phase angle
between the voltage attained by alternator and the voltage attained by the system should be zero (Edvard,
2013).