Experiment No.

4
TEST OF MULTIPLE PUMPS: CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

Course Code: ME410 Program: BSME

Course Title: Mechanical Engineering Lab 2 Date Performed: OCTOBER 23, 2023
Section: ME41S3 Date Submitted: DECEMBER , 2023
Members: Instructor: Engr. Jhon Lantaca
1. Chavez, Charles Vincent
2. Clamor, Ethan Giles
3. Mendoza Jr., Rhommel
4. Sabanal, John Paulo
5. Sequerra Jr., Noelito

1. Objective

This activity aims to demonstrate the operation of a multiple pumps test rig.

2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):

The students shall be able to:
2.1 Operate the multiple pumps test rigs.
2.2 Determine the various characteristics of the different types of pumps.
2.3 Determine the characteristics of pumps connected in series and in parallel.
2.4 Develop professional work ethics, including precision, neatness, safety and ability to follow
instruction.

3. Discussion:

CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
The basic parts of centrifugal pump are a rotating impeller and a casing to surround it and direct water flow.
Water let into the center of “eye” of the impeller is quickly rotated and discharged from the periphery of the
impeller with velocity and pressure more than it had at the eye. This naturally crates a force on the impeller
opposing rotation, accounting for the torque which must be continuously supplied to the impeller shaft by its
driver.

The specific speed of a pump is not really a speed in the physical sense, although it can be used in the
sense that a pump reduced in size to deliver one (1) gallon per minute to a height of one (1) foot will run at
its specific speed.

Generally, pumps with low specific speeds (500 to 2,000 rpm) are made to deliver small discharges at high
pressures. Pump characterized by high specific speed (5,000 to 15,000 rpm) deliver large discharges at
low pressures. Pumps with large-diameter impeller shapes that have relatively small flow passages
generate high pressures but delivering small discharges. They have low specific speeds.
The pressure or head to be developed is the sum of the height to which the water is to be lifted from the
level of the reservoir or sump from which the water is pumped. In addition to this height the friction losses
occurring in the suction and discharge pipes must be taken into account. Losses of energy through inlet
devices such as strainer and foot valve, elbows, valves, and other components must also be considered.
The pressure or kinetic energy required at the end of the supply line is also a part of the total dynamic
head.
 Multi pump Test Rig

Centrifugal Pumps

Definition of Terms

Pump is a machine which is used to add energy to a liquid in order to transfer the liquid from one point
to another point of higher energy level.

Atmospheric Pressure is due to the weight of the atmosphere on the earth. (standard: 101.325 kpa,
14.696 psi
 Vacuum is a perfect vacuum is space entirely devoid of gas or liquids.

Gauge Pressure is the term applies to the pressure reading on a gauge being connected to a closed
pipe.

Absolute Pressure is the sum of the atmospheric pressure and the gauge pressure.

Manometer is a gauge in a form of a glass U-tube in which one leg is open to the atmosphere.

PitotTube is used to measure the pressure of water discharging from a nozzle or flowing in a pipe by
having its open end in the water and the other end connected to a gauge or manometer.

Piezometer is a device set in a pipe to enable a Bourdon Gauge or a manometer attached to show the
net or normal pressure.

Capacity is the rate of flow of fluid measure per unit of time, usually gallons per minute or liters per
minute.

Suction Lift exists when the total suction is below atmospheric pressure.

Suction Head exists when the total suction is above atmospheric.

Velocity Head figured from the average velocity obtained by dividing the discharge by the actual area
of the cross section of the pipe.

Total Discharge Head is the reading of a pressure gage at the discharge of the pump, converted to
feet or meter of liquid based on the datum line, plus the velocity head at the point of gage attachment.

Total Head is the measure of the energy increase per pound imparted to the liquid by the pump and is
therefore the algebraic difference between the total discharge head and the total suction lift exists.

4. Materials and Equipment:

Multiple pump test rigs

Timer

5. Procedure:

A. For velocity measurement:

1. Measure the elevation of the discharge and suction of the pump using the ground as the datum
line.
2. Switch on the motor-pump.
3. Record the discharge pressure indicated in the pressure gauge located at the discharge pipe.
4. Measure the velocity head by connecting both ends of the manometer to the pitot tube with rubber
tubings. The velocity head is equal to the difference in elevation of the water column in the
manometer. Record the velocity head.
5. Disconnect the rubber tubing attached at the upper end of the manometer. Measure the difference
in elevation of the water column. This is equal to the total head. Record the total head. Put back
the rubber tubing.
6. Repeat steps 3 to 5 for 10 different values of discharge pressure at 5-minute intervals.
B. For Flow versus Head Characteristic of the Pump:
1. Connect both ends of the manometer to the Venturi meter with rubber tubings. The difference in
elevation in water column of the manometer is the difference in static pressure.
2. Compute the flow rate of the fluid using Bernoulli’s equation.
3. Compute the total dynamic head using Bernoulli’s equation. Consider all friction losses due to
piping and fittings.
4. Using Bernoulli’s equation and the reading of manometer for fluid in column. Compute the flow rate
of the fluid.
5. Compute the total head using Bernoulli’s equation including the energy input to the pump and
friction losses due to piping and fittings.
6. Switch on the motor-pump, measure the discharge every 3 minutes. Make at least 30 trials.
7. Set the discharge pressure to different values and take note the pressure reading at the gauges
located at the discharge pipe.

C. Series and Parallel Connection of Pumps

1. Measure the diameter of the suction and discharge pipes.
2. Measure the difference of elevation of the discharge pipe from the suction pipe of the pump using
the center lines.
3. In series connection, measure the discharge velocity head of water using the manometer at 60-
second intervals. Make 10 trials.
4. Consequently, record the suction pressure and discharge pressure readings of the gauges located
at the suction and discharge pipes, respectively.
5. Determine the velocity of water and volumetric discharge of the pump connection using the
following equations:
v=√ ❑

Q= Av

where:
v = theoretical velocity, m/s

g = gravitational constant, 9.81 m/s2

h = elevation, m
Q = volumetric discharge, m3/s
A = area, m2

6. Repeat procedures 3 to 5 using parallel connection of pumps.

6. Data Analysis and Conclusion:

A. Velocity Measurements and Flow Characteristics of Centrifugal Pumps

Pump 1 2 3 4 5 Mean Value

pd 11 psi 10.5 psi 10 psi 12 psi 13 psi 11.3 psi
1.6797 m 1.6797 m 1.6797 m 1.6797 m 1.6797 m 1.6797 m
hv
13.9986 m 14.1393 m 14.2096 m 14.2096 m 14.3502 m
ht 14.1815 m
Centrifugal
7.4697 7.4697 7.4697 7.4697 7.4697
Pump 1 7.4697 m/s
vd m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s

.0037858 .0037858 .0037858 .0037858 .0037858 .0037858

Q m^3/s m^3/s m^3/s m^3/s m^3/s m^3/s

pd 22 psi 30 psi 33 psi 39 psi 36 psi 32 psi

1.6797 m 1.6797 m 1.6797 m 1.6797 m 1.6797 m 1.6797 m
hv
19.4264m
ht 19.6233m 18.9202m 19.7639m 19.2014m 19.6233m
Centrifugal
7.4697 7.4697 7.4697 7.4697 7.4697
Pump 2 7.4697 m/s
vd m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s

.0037858 .0037858 .0037858 .0037858 .0037858 .0037858

Q m^3/s m^3/s m^3/s m^3/s m^3/s m^3/s

P1gauge P1gauge P1gauge= P1gauge= P1gauge P1gauge=

= 49 psi = 49.3 psi 49.8 psi 49.5 psi = 50 psi 49.52 psi
pd P2gauge P2gauge P2gauge P2gauge= P2gauge P2gauge=
= 48 psi = 48.6 psi 49psi 48.2 psi = 49 psi 44 psi

1.6797 m 1.6797 m 1.6797 m 1.6797 m 1.6797 m 1.6797 m

hv
Series
40.3426 40.6588 40.5886 41.0453
Connection 40.9750 m 40.7221 m
ht m m m m

7.4697 7.4697 7.4697 7.4697 7.4697

7.4697 m/s
vd m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s

.0037858 .0037858 .0037858 .0037858 .0037858 .0037858

Q m^3/s m^3/s m^3/s m^3/s m^3/s m^3/s

Parallel P1gauge= P1gauge= P1gauge= P1gauge= P1gauge=

P1gauge=
Connection 31.5 psi 30 psi 32 psi 31 psi 30.9 psi
31 psi
pd P2gauge=
P2gauge= P2gauge= P2gauge= P2gauge= P2gauge=
38 psi
40 psi 42 psi 38 psi 40 psi 39.6 psi

6.7213 m 6.7213 m 6.7213 m 6.7213 m 6.7213 m 6.7213 m

hv
ht 166.2071m 165.8558 166.5045m 165.6124m 166.2071m 166.0773m
 m

14.9394 14.9394 14.9394 14.9394 14.9394 14.9394

vd m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s m/s

0.0075716 0.0075716 0.0075716 0.0075716 0.0075716m

0.0075716
Q m^3/s
m^3/s m^3/s m^3/s m^3/s ^3/s

B. Friction Losses in Pipe Fittings

Nominal Pipe Size

Fittings 1 in. 1.5 in.
K values Friction Loss (f) K values Friction Loss (f)
Swing Check 0.18 0.012 0.15 0.015
Union,
0.06 0.004 0.06 0.006
Threaded
Tee, Threaded,
0.9 0.06 0.90 0.09
Dividing Line Flow
Elbow, Threaded
1.50 0.1 1.50 0.15
Regular 90º
Swing Check
Valve, Forward 2 0.1333 2 0.2
Flow
Lift Check
1.30 0.0867 1.2 0.15
Valve
Gate Valve
0.18 0.012 0.18 0.018
(3/4 Closed)

C. Total Dynamic Head

 Pump 1 2 3 4 5 Mean Value
1.6197 1.6197
1.6197 m 1.6197 m 1.6197 m
Δhv 1.6197 m m m

7.0308
7.3823 m 8.4369 m 9.14 m 7.9448 m
ΔhP 7.7338 m m

0.8636 m 0.8636 m 0.8636 m 0.8636 m 0.8636 m

Centrifuga ΔhZ 0.8636 m
l Pump 1 17.4123 17.4123 17.4123 17.4123
17.4123 17.4123 m
hfd m m m m
m
13.6908 13.6908 13.6908 13.6908
13.6908 13.6908 m
hfs m m m m
m
13.9986 14.1393 14.2096 14.2096 14.3502
TDH 14.1815 m
m m m m m
1.6197 1.6197 1.6197
1.6197 m 1.6197 m 1.6197 m
Δhv m m m

15.4667 21. 0923 23.2015 25.8108

27.42 m
ΔhP m m m m 22. 5983 m

0.8636 m 0.8636 m 0.8636 m 0.8636 m 0.8636 m 0.8636 m

Centrifuga ΔhZ
l Pump 2 17.4123 17.4123 17.4123 17.4123 17.4123
17.4123 m
hfd m m m m m

13.6908 13.6908 13.6908 13.6908 13.6908

13.6908 m
hfs m m m m m

19.7639 19.6233m
TDH 19.6233m 18.9202m 19.2014m 19.4264m
m
1.6797 1.6797 1.6797
1.6797 m 1.6797 m 1.6797 m
Δhv m m m

34.0778 34.3940 34.7102 34.3238 34.7805

34.4573 m
ΔhP m m m m m

0.8636 m 0.8636 m 0.8636 m 0.8636 m 0.8636 m 0.8636 m

ΔhZ
Series
Connectio 0.8636 0.8636 0.8636
0.8636 m 0.8636 m 0.8636 m
n hfd m m m

17.4123 17.4123 17.4123 17.4123 17.4123

17.4123 m
hfs m m m m m

13.6908 13.6908 13.6908 13.6908 13.6908

TDH
13.6908 m
m m m m m

0.2743 m 0.2743 m 0.2743 m 0.2743 m 0.2743 m

Parallel Δhv 0.2743 m
Connectio ΔhP 52.6976 52.3463 51.9950 54.1029 52.6976 52.7678 m
 m m m m m
0.8636 m 0.8636 m 0.8636 m 0.8636 m 0.8636 m 0.8636 m
ΔhZ
167.1797 167.1797 167.1797 167.1797
167.1797 167.1797 m
hfd m m m m
m
n 54.7811 54.7811 54.7811 54.7811
54.7811 54.7811 m
hfs m m m m
m
166.2071 165.8558 166.5045 165.6124 166.2071
TDH 166.0773m
m m m m m

Conclusion:

The centrifugal pump with series and parallel connections was the focus of our experiment
testing several pumps, which has given us important insights into the dynamics of fluid flow and
pressure. It is clear that the pumping system's performance is greatly impacted by the decision
between a series and parallel connection. It was shown that the series connection might
produce greater head pressure, which is useful for pumping fluids uphill or against opposition.
But a lower flow rate was the price for this. Conversely, the parallel connection demonstrated a
notable rise in flow rate, which makes it perfect for applications that need to transport a lot of
fluid quickly. However, it might not deliver as much head pressure as the series connection.

Our results highlight the significance of choosing a pump configuration that is in line with the
particular needs of the application in real-world terms. When constructing or using fluid systems,
engineers and operators should carefully consider the trade-offs between head pressure and
flow rate. A detailed examination of the requirements of the system, taking into account
variables such pipeline resistance, elevation variations, and the intended fluid volume, should
form the basis for the decision between series and parallel connections.

Documentation:
7. Assessment Rubric:
TIP-VPAA–054D
Revision Status/Date:0/2009 September 09

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

RUBRIC FOR LABORATORY PERFORMANCE

CRITERIA BEGINNER ACCEPTABLE PROFICIENT SCORE

1 2 3
Laboratory Skills
Manipulative Members do not Members occasionally Members always
Skills demonstrate needed demonstrate needed demonstrate needed
skills. skills. skills.
Experimental Members are unable to Members are able to set- Members are able to set-
Set-up set-up the materials. up the materials with up the material with
supervision. minimum supervision.
Process Skills Members do not Members occasionally Members always
demonstrate targeted demonstrate targeted demonstrate targeted
process skills. process skills. process skills.

Safety Members do not follow Members follow safety Members follow safety
Precautions safety precautions. precautions most of the precautions at all times.
time.
Work Habits
Time Members do not finish on Members finish on time Members finish ahead of
Management/ time with incomplete data. with incomplete data. time with complete data
Conduct of and time to revise data.
Experiment
Cooperative Members do not know Members have defined Members are on tasks
and Teamwork their tasks and have no responsibilities most of and have responsibilities
defined responsibilities. the time. Group conflicts at all times. Group
Group conflicts have to be are cooperatively conflicts are cooperatively
settled by the teacher. managed most of the managed at all times.
time.
Neatness and Messy workplace during Clean and orderly Clean and orderly
Orderliness and after the experiment. workplace with workplace at all times
occasional mess during during and after the
and after the experiment. experiment.
Ability to do Members require Members require Members do not need to
independent supervision by the occasional supervision be supervised by the
work teacher. by the teacher. teacher.
Other Comments/Observations:
Total Score

Rating= ( Total24Score ) x 100 %