WAVES
L. I. Explain what causes waves
Describe types of waves
Describe the basic properties of waves
Explain reflection, refraction and diffraction
What is a wave?
A disturbance that transfers energy from
one place to another
What is Energy?
The capacity of doing work
What is Work?
A force causing an object movement
The transfer of energy by a force acting on an
object as it is displaced
Energy, Not Matter
When waves travel, they don't take water, air, or
anything else with them. They just move the energy
along, kind of like doing the wave in a stadium, where
people stand up and sit down without moving from their
spots.
Waves
Mechanical Electromagnetic
Need a medium empty space
transverse
longitudinal
surface
Electromagnetic waves
They don't need a medium to travel through. These waves
can zip through the vacuum of space at the speed of
light!
Light waves, microwaves,
and X-rays are examples of
these waves. They are vibrating
electric and magnetic fields.
Electromagnetic waves
Mechanical waves
Mechanical waves are like surfers who need water to
ride on. They must travel through something, whether it's
air, water, or solid ground. Without a medium,
mechanical waves can't move.
Examples include:
sound waves through the air
seismic waves through the earth
and waves on the ocean.
Transverse wave
It's a wave that causes the displacement of
the medium perpendicular/transverse to
the direction of travel.
Longitudinal wave
The displacement of the medium is in the same
direction as the wave travels. In this example, the
areas where the coils are closer are called
compression and where they are spread out is
rarefaction
LONGITUDINAL WAVE
RAREFACTION
COMPRESSION
Surface wave
The molecules of the medium undergo circular
motion and are therefore neither transverse nor
longitudinal.
Properties of waves
Crest is the highest distance from Wavelength is the space
point of the wave crest to crest between two wave peaks.
Amplitude is how
tall a wave is.
Trough is the lowest
point of the wave
Properties of waves
Properties of waves
Frequency
more frequency
more eergy
Frequency is the
umber of waves
that pass a given
point i a certai
amout of time Uinit: Hertz (Hz)
=
1 wave per sec.
Properties of waves
Speed
The speed of a wave is how far the wave travels in a
given amount of time.
Wh
yt
em
Sound speed: 330m/s at 0°C af
fe c p e r a
light speed: 299 792 458 m/s sp ts th tu r e
ee e
d?
The medium, the temperature
and the pressure affects the speed
Exercises
1. A wave with a wavelength of 0.5m and a speed of 2m/s.
What frequency would have?
2. Data 3. Data
ƒ= 3Hz ƒ= 12Hz
λ= 1m λ= ?
v= ? v= 0.098 km/h
Assessment
1. A sound wave travels through the air with a velocity of 343
m/s and has a frequency of 440 Hz. Calculate the wavelength
of this sound wave.
2. A wave has a velocity of 200 m/s and a wavelength of 5
meters. What is its frequency?
3. A wave with a frequency of 1000 Hz has a wavelength of 0.2
meters in air. If the same wave enters a medium where its
wavelength becomes 0.1 meters, calculate the velocity of the
wave in the new medium.
4. If the velocity of a wave in a certain medium is 340 km/h and
its frequency is 20 Hz, what is the wavelength of the wave?
When waves are
traveling they Reflection
can change
Refraction
their direction in
3 ways
Diffraction
Reflection
When the wave cannot pass and bounces back.
The Law of Reflection states that the angle of
incidence equals the angle of reflection
Ex. mirrors, echoes etc.
Refraction
When a wave enters a new medium at an angle
part of the wave changes speed before the other
side, causing it to bend
HTTPS://[Link]/WP-CONTENT/UPLOADS/2020/03/[Link]
Diffraction
When a wave bends around barriers.
HTTPS://[Link]/WP-CONTENT/UPLOADS/2020/03/[Link]
Waves interference
interaction when 2 waves meet
Constructive Destructive
Constructive interference
Destructive interference
Resonance
It's the increase in
amplitude of a wave when
external vibrations match
an object's natural
frequency
1. v= 235km/h ƒ= 8.35Hz λ=?
2. ƒ= 0.75Hz λ= 0.00003m v=?
3. λ=12.35m v=2.3km/h ƒ=?
-8 14
4. v=3×10 m/s ƒ=5 ×10 Hz λ=?
5. v= 58,062 m/s ƒ= 900KHz λ=?
6. λ= 68cm v= 65km/s ƒ=?