gob ydW wal «xr Ht id ni slduloe ezol od of bast eyswls 29en: aie civoeiss et seuter9qnY atuditoaett TA] ai biupil 8 ai bovlowi eng oi to oweesrg Iniriag od slo ati 0) benoirreqorg Ising oi 2i yi baw 26g lo noi) or ree NS. PREVIOUS YEARS’ cig oli To aunt ow) ati W zinamoqmos afi TIONS” ringers) wad ld noiluloz Isabi-nor « b 10 wilidulor 243 oe} tot wal ealwe oS s1aié > nad essai {elutes 1A) ai morroginiapiaes Ip sanerrepuoan {iit ot furs 2 tHE NE “OR Seif Andel Tbe) Questions TM. 2 Markel oc 1. @)_Onmixing liquid X and liquid ¥, the volume of the resulting solution apitileadée> WhAt type of deviation front Ruswlestdw is shown by the ol Pésullting! solution? What change in a you observe nike after ‘mixing! liquids: X'and Y? Oi TA OH sat Gb | b3(@idHiow-danthe direction ofosmosis be reversed Mriteione use of reverse miosis! ie!) |i > ofA Bhubaneswar] o (@aBasitiv ,deyidtion hie temperature wall dearease.s esob yd 8 calllny WRENL Co eiellay or aus oH Seon osifiotielpressure, ee BL ; aly ad Ube iniog tas 2 Bis esse i 4 pint when non a ip adde ‘ ie Hy walled genre tn HEEAANGAN orto esr Yo oda bie oxwzeorg mogny Io MS vIbl ovitoloy aoowied qidanoitslor art avinad ods mubanvixt 1A}ATy = K; X = re: AT, K, x M, where ses depression in freezi inh! a g, = freezing point dips i n constant. | mh = molality of the solution” YN Way = mass of solute p = molar mass of solute. sis epresnure of the B28 When temperature # the solubility of Be 44. uate Raoull’s law for the #0 0 fifferences between an id apour pressure of each component f both solute and solvent a os that partial vapour PY y i fraction Ys Jaw: Tt stat ‘Ans. Raoult’s lav 1 to their mole f directly proportional = Tdeal solution suas, | Non-ideal solution al soluti | ee i sf @ It does not follow Raoule’s law. {Ic follows Raoult’s law 3 (i) OFlgy, = 9, AV ix =O (i) MA gine #9 AV nie * O (ii) They can be separated by fractional distillatie 5, Why does a solution containing non-volatile solute have higher be point than the pure solvent? Why is elevation of boiling point a colligative property? [AI Patna] Ans. When we add a non-volatile solute to a pure solvent, the vapour pressure of ae decreases, therefore, it is to be heated to higher temperature that its vapour pressure becomes equal to the atmos i boiling point will be higher. pheric pressure aa Elevation of boiling point is a colligati: rt i i the number of pales of sclte and not om nacare of selate en oP 6. Derive the relationship between rel: War molar mass of the solute. oC x4 = Pats ~ het Xy = PY -x,) z= Loa (ii) They cannot be separated by fractional distillation. oiling lative lowering of vapour pressure [AI Trivandrum & Chen: eae bsp, i> “ete. en t . 5 PanPa _ Me oe MA for dilute Pa Mz”; 4 ao Pitta Ma Me ag MaMa ta if PA ee, W, where #%, = Vapour pressure of pure ‘A" (solvent) Mole fraction of ‘4’ Mole fraction of ‘B’ (solute) Mass of solute Mass of solvent Molar mass of solute M, = Molar mass of solvent 7. What is meant by positive deviations from Raoult’s law? Give an example. - What is the sign of A,,,,H for positive deviation? [Delhi] Ans. Those solutions in which force of attraction between A—B is less than A—A and B—B, shows positive deviation from Raoult's law, e.g. ethanol and water show positive deviation from Raoult’s law. Anil = +e. 8. Define azeotropes. What type of azeotrope is formed by positive deviation from Raoult’s law? Give an example. [Delhi Ans. Azeotropes are the constant boiling mixtures which distill out unchanged in their composition. Minimum boiling azeotropes are formed by the solutions showing positiv deviation, e.g. cyclohexane and ethanol. 9. @ On mixing liquid X and liquid Y, volume of the resulting decreases, What type of deviation from Raoult’s law is sho resulting solution? What change in temperature would you mixing liquids X and Y? (#) What happens when we Place the blood cell in water (hyp Give reason. [AI All Ans. (i) The resulting solution will show negative deviation ___ The temperature of solution will increase. f ‘will swell and even may burst due to inflow 0‘vbich distill out unghy golytion. showing neg by, thei compos cotropes at jsmed i 1 woge = 5 is] te ae sis ch boiling Maxim ig, HyO and HCL oink tions st B Mar r Type Ques i = ah Short Answe! rater at 20°Cis 1 12. Vapourpressure ofwatcr aye e (Molar mass of water at 20 cnt 5gof ge naoust Ieststvab vitioog xd boc fiioay ni Dogma iy 175 50 180 “9501-5: Wbizog yaiwore enoisulo 10) ae > 1750-100 p, = 17: sok aioe Se Robinlce gciluel00# ee ABI2 3 binpit nay 4 o1lt dgworte ei wal p's eee te bt : P00. 3865 hunwieRrob Yo ays oo re aa S(ooinubéehe mm Hg at! f solute (apouristesdurca an = jee molar thin i), nabs att, tay vel 2 uo Mott noir ; % ; Wy os 40 Bhuba dsr iy “Hew PAO Wola : lo wollai 6s, ded ana 5 pragma, fr 'M, lag Mellie ott Gy a Chaput ¢ CBSE PyQ, (Chemistry) 19 “RimaEee 5 yy lBoot x 90.1 My OP 0.0 x04 18 23.75 po4@T5 _ rt = Mp= 39 = 60g mol" 14. When 1.5 g ofanon-volatile solute was dissolved in 90 oe oiPoint of benzene raised from, 953.25 K. to. 353,93, K, Calenlats. te Olas MAP eis gfiths. solute, Kifor henzene =)2-52 aa suo Pande faennal Ans. Given: W, = 1.5 g, W, K, 52 kg moloa oe to eeeet ga} AT, = (353.93 (358.23) Ke= 070K 16 rotew y2es1g TuOgey) Nowst asin 1:00), = Kim ( ) novi) am W, 1000 2el= jh ee 5 B 3 n 5 a = AT, = Ky X yp ui Mee 1.5 1000 oy Meee | My; 90 a8 pe x 1.5% 100 wi 7 eB 709 ’ 378 ste 5 M, = = 60 g mol? A 2 = My = 53 = 60g mol % dj 15. Calculate the freezing point of the solution when 31 g \of ethyl (C,H,0,) is dissolved in 500 g of water. (K; for water age 82! = gpl y Mo See a0 oog = aM ni boviozzib ad sh i iy we \ od of (“lous g 6.86 = atin alam) JOB togenm ody, Dai ted poinaucen O° £ ya gniog g ie Geen lesions Cloanyiat 4686 % Tage PA OA nbBGiKorwib ssolqmoo 8 Both dso| BN 'HPISUOD Uo‘sa4¢, 501d 9.8 ed a aod (10u BY 3 9811 = yey) Surusse “>, 7 dq am tod Sutra SIP 2q 09 (four 3 ogc = ssem 3 = SLY OL dom 8 O81 = 001x : i Jie PRIS 00S d Ka a ‘KON >>>> ea a mM nat fou 881 = We Ge Ee 7 vag ogi 1M B01 = 2A TON ne akg Ber mm 26 = 04 5008 ssoxd snd) Oa Ge wot 7g = 00 asm ye saad anodes #Se4 a : Spy mM FT pase aL Ou ayy ayeqnaqe “A 808 oe joa ol Buystes Pompe sj ann rf Aart asl PH 09g uz aynjos a1HeI™ 17 eoge L080 4oL6l 001 x 6640 x qeUEeWy 1000 Now, BT, = OR My a Ww, - W,_,, 1000 Ss 2 = 2x186x IE xX ar 9 58.5 X 37.2 2176.2 1.861000 ~ 1860 Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark] 22 =117g 19. What possible value of ‘i’ will it have if solute molecules undergo association in solution? (ALO) Ans. i < 1, if solute molecules undergo association. 20. Some liquids on mixing form ‘azeotropes’. What are ‘azeotropes’? _—[Delhi] Ans. Azeotropes are the constant boiling mixtures which distill out unchanged in their composition. 21. Whattype of intermolecular attractive interaction exists in the pair of methanol and acetone? [Delhi] Ans, H-bonding exists between methanol and acetone. It also has dipole-dipole attraction. } 22. What are isotonic solutions? (Dethi Ans. Those solutions which exert same osmotic pressure because they have same molar concentrations and same number of particles are called isotonic solutions, Short Answer Type Questions [I] [2 Marks] 23. How is vapour f ae pressure of solvent affected when a non- ile s¢ dissolved in it? onveleel Aas. Vapour pressure of solution decreases because surface consists o} _and solvent molecules. The escaping tendency of solvent into vapo number of moles of solute dissolved i I *r of moles of solute dissolved per kg op 4or 14 3 , sity of solution in g cm e dem 5 2 OAS K: Me : at=04 ‘ AT, = & 4 be Now. W yaidcog isd Snoismloe mt 2 fs 4 sno af its sharaclerasticSrpil su0® groban 29102 soitsivo%ts 02 eo Ws = 3; Deng ia me Raoult’s lay 098k. Masada soquinn basen a Char ae hi tonsdiom 4 xiT35i Jove of auacion WenEER Acti BoB andttrr®, aren eieng order, a sbas | viod-H enh Deus {id li») Ideal solution can be separated by fractignal distillation... pceaAAmg@eh cae eet the effect of sty re on the. solubility off isa) sogi-idis Hin T, 49 heats evolved oy absorbed) (il) AV gj, = 0 (no change in volume) hemole fraction of sing > tplomm agasina sol ’ Saas ‘0 partial — = Golub ity of ges tad over pa #1 tuloe ately teianaprber at 118 Hen slo sa midvaan iia erp em roca the ect tile trae ility oft! : Shen : Berocais niip stale lo eslom to vorfrg ail gata ai tl spiteloM @ mitt Bt .aoignloe to anil ere pde,rapeus Rressure of pure componsDh sts tno (i oe eee cna tances aint mateo ProPa vothe paryigl presgyye of tie Ba Wom y 00 = Mig él = @ 881) = 11 noituloe sinotoel ah Ste 000! Phas = Spas * Kini} yt = . : xR ge whareidy lois ‘the! mole fraetion of gas dissolved'iny liquid aiid Ky, is Henry's law constant. ae 5 oe : ro - (4 061 1001 UA Short’ Answer Type. ‘Questions [Il] [3 Marks}= sigs une a Wat HOCH, CHORE i ded our a8 COOH system along with 5 kg of water. If the freezing point of water glycof'S6fittion is -15°C, on bollowhiat isthe boilingypoint of thesolation2 [K,9=00.52 Kokgumoldt ahd Ky = 1.86 GnoiuloKady molt hind) «i!sions aft ad bluow 3siW (eenim yd) OL [Delhi] pans. AT, = 7, -T, = OC—Cl 210 wienoG) ai wel luce A cot 2 torsse bas lonsda (3) aan 59d oft) i ofl noswied iti 9g ealipolomt aii snot996 gailsbst onnelt9 stig a —H oid) Dividing»(é) by (i) sftobsiveb svisieog eo 1 GL mori aeawied ebnod AN) itsloM @ = ATi pales 1186 ' a F Llom.\9.0.= — + + Boiling point of soliition = 373 + 4:19) «8 01 = (WN) o1sloz to es oy 001 = noituloe to e2gMt es Long Answer-Type Questions: [5:Marks] ». OO 0! 01 — O0OL. “ay tb following‘term O00! a (ay (QiintoMaa Molari ee z nog sel: inisinos noijuloe s rot wal eto eh 8 etOL Et Hb seat o6A ewoltod (mog 2158 Ma = ome! & etwtion, Th W, 1000 Isotonic Wa x = In 1000___ M, - volume of solution 2 _1000_ <4 x Sjume of solution cae fee 000 9 Ha, LOOM) 60“ 1000 130 “ 1000 2 15180 _ 45 eeo as e ation is shown by a mixture of ethanol and ceto si. (2) What type of devi eae im of glucose (molar mass = 180 gmol™) in water is I solution of glucos a “ © ion G mass). What would be the molality and molarity of the Density of solution = 1.2 g mL") ‘Ans. (a) Ethanol and acetone will show positive deviation from Raoult’s ly becausein pure ethanol, molecules are H—bonded. On adding acetor molecules get in between the ethanol molecules and break some 6fff bonds between them. Due to weaker interactions, it shows posi % by mass x dx 10 @) — Molarity (ary = “by mass xd x10 ‘Aa [Link] = Wx12x10 _ 190 180 180 Mass of solution = 100 g; Mass of solute W,) = 10g Mass of solvent (W.) = 100-10 = 90g Moly (m= Te 1009 _ 10 1000 _ 109 32 (a) State Raoult’s law f My W, ~ Tao *~gg7 = 162 soliton which fotlog, 08 Containing volat © ° Hows Raoult’s law site i ae inne N i . trations EOC, to 2008 af oes ¢levation for a solution prepared! Bee 512 not ae oo M" f each component Raoult’s law: It states that vapour pressure of a Beef rsrocional toils uole kamay Re ae ae ee Py eX4 Pg Xp ba= Pies Pa BhXs P= bat by = Pika * aXe i rature. | Ideal solution follows Raoult’s law at all concentration and tempe (b) CaCl, —>+ Ca®* + 2Cr; 1 Here, W, = 10 g, M, = 111 g mol! 3, K, = 0.512 K kg mol and W, = 200g. e kx Wey 1000 =ix = 2. SM, Wi . Pies. 0 200e => AT, = 8x 0512x Txo : => A= ee = 0.692 K ; 33. (a) Define the following terms: i () Azeotrope (ii) Osmotic pressure (iii) Colligative properties (6) Calculate the molarity of 9.8% (w/w) solution of H,SO, if the density of the solution is 1.02 g ml; (Molar mass of H,SO, = 98 g mol”), [Foreign] Ans. (a) (i) Refer Ans. to Q.20. re . (@) Osmotic pressure: Itis extra pressure which must be applied on solution, Side sos to stop the flow of solvent molecules into solution when’ are separated by a semi-permeable membrane, (ui) Colligative property: The property which depends on the nu Particles of solute and not on the nature of. solute is called col property. Wy, eS = V2, aS M, Volume of solution in mL. _ 98 Rs 1000 ae Otel 98 ~ _Mass of solution —Ssss of solution _ density of solution pasate, 00 4lecular weight of bion mining mol ecular well bi jete! e Questions [I] [2 Marks] Short Answer Typ! bya mixture of ethanol and acetone? Wij own by aa nol and acetone? jiati ee a formed by mixing ethar 2 eal ys mixture of ethanol and acetone, Positive deviation is shown by a mix boiling azeotropes are formed. ‘Out of two 0.1 molal solutions of glucose and of potassium chloride, one will have a higher boiling point and why? 0.1 molal KCI solution will have higher boiling point, because KCl diss into K* and Cl ions. The number of particles are double than 0.1 m P solution, therefore, higher A'T,, hence higher the boiling point. 18 gof glucose, C,H,.0, (Molar Mass = 180 g mol") is dissolved in 1k waterina sauce pan. At what temperature will this solution boil? j ie B55 papers (A, for water = 0.52 K kg mol a boiling point of pure water = 373.15 Kj Sven: y= 18 8 My = 180 ¢ mop) ap B smol!, W,= 1 kg = 1000 g, AT; Now, PLR, es eer! : = 052K kg mort yy 18. ,_ 1000 Boiling point of water < aes onseie * Boil 378.15 K * Bolling point of soli at ba = Tr T Pressure tay fie39. Ans. 40. Ans, in benzene at 298K solution of methane 1 ein benzene at [Foreign] he solubility of metham Henry's law constant (Ky,) for the js 4.27 x 10° mmHg, Calculate # 298 K under 760 mm Hg. Ky = 4.27 X 10° mm Hg, p = 760 mm Hg P= ¥en, * Ku 760mm Hg o > Scee 55 ante =1.78x1 Hw 4.27x10° mm Hg 2 Mon, Mot, _ "cH, (gy Fhe pie NCH, hoa tte, Meu, 1000 a et, a iy Neu, => 178x10~ = 1000 78 oy 3 1000 = Ba = 7x10" kao, => Noy, = 0.0228 moles Therefore, the solubility of CH, in benzene at 298 K is 0.0228 moles/kg. () Why is an increase in temperature observed on mixing chloroform and acetone? ‘ (i) Why does sodium chloride solution freeze at a lower temperature than water? (Foreign) (i) Itis because force of attraction between chloroform and acetone is more than the force of attraction between CHCI;—CHCl, or Acetone=Acetone. Therefore, AH = ~ve, i.e. exothermic process, therefore, there is increase in temperature, (i) Tei aL is ed, vi f i (ii) Itis because when NaCl is added, Yapour pressure of solution becomes. lessand ata lower temperature, vapour Pressure of solid and solution will become equal, ie. freezing point is lowered.T= 527 x 10%atm, Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks] 1, = 5.12% 10 | 1000 B40 555, <2 “500 = 250 bg mor(@) (i) Weal solution: Those solutions which obey Raoult’s law ar ideal solutions. When the forces of attraction between AA similar to A-B, then A and B will form ideal solution. Refer Ans. to Q.20. (iii) Refer Ans. to Q.38 (ii). gner. ee M, W, — 180 ~ 90 — | (2012 Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark] () m= ae 44. Define Ebullioscopic constant. Ans. Ebullioscopic Constant (Boiling Point Elevation Constant): It is equal to the elevation in boiling point of I molal solution, i.e. 1 mole of solute is dissolved in I kg of solvent. The unit of K, is K molal or K/m or K kg mol, 45. State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile components, _[Foreign] Ans. The vapour pressure ofeach component is directly proportional to mole fraction of each component. 46. Define ‘mole fraction’ of a substance in a solution. 2 Ans. Mole fraction of a substance is defined as the ratio of number of moles ofsul to the total number of moles of solute and solvent, i.e, all the substances. 47. Why are aquatic species more comfortable in cold water in comparison warm water? D Ans, Cold water has more dissolved ox as in liquid decreases with increas ‘ygen than warm water because soh se in temperature, Short Answer Type Questions [I] [2 I A1.00 molal aqueous solution of trichloroacetic aci toits boiling point. The solution has the po te ant taco wikoroncct | &, for é“nyt Mp wy and ‘BY respecvell ue of a colli rental val fF no ratio of experi ted on the basis © (). The F 1 value (calcula as vant Hoff factor. sf solute) is known value of the colligative Property behaviour oF rimental determin ‘eof the colligative property (iv) Refer Ans. to Q43 (a) (i). 50. a density os wile is 125 g mL! and one kg of this water f ;. What is the molarit fone ie catthcemn molarity of Na* ions in the water of the! Ans, Density = Massof solution Volume Also, the mass of solution= + of solute lution= Mass of solvent + Mass of sol rat = 1000 g+ 92g = Volume of solution = Masso lution 1092 ¢ = Volume msipaits(s ‘