Critical Reasoning

Directions for Questions 1 to 10: In the following questions there is a statement followed by two conclusions. You
have to choose:
(a) If only conclusion I follow.
(b) If only conclusion II follows.
(c) If conclusions I and II both follows.
(d) If neither I nor II follows.

1. Statement
A degree in law is one of the most wanted degrees by youth in India.
Conclusions
I. A degree in law guarantees a good profession.
II. A degree in law is the first choice for youth in India.

2. Statement
India won the second test match against Pakistan by one innings and two hundred and three runs. The greatest
contribution was from the bowlers.
Conclusions
I. Most of the Indian players are bowlers.
II. It was India’s biggest win against Pakistan.

3. Statement
Anyone who manages an engineering organization like Tata Motors can only be successful if he has the
knowledge of the professional work that is carried on in the organization.
Conclusions
I. If you want to run any company, it is essential that you should know the professional work associated
with it.
II. In order to manage an engineering organization like Tata Motors, it is essential to have an engineering
education background.

4. In the following Questions there are given some statements followed by conclusion that can be drawn from
them. Choose the answer for each question independently.

(I) Bombay is more expensive than Delhi. Delhi is more expensive than Calcutta. Bombay is more
expensive than Calcutta.
A. True B. Probably true C. false D. Can’t say
(II) Basketball players are generally tall. Jeevan is a baseball player. So Jeevan is tall.
A. False B. Probably true C. True D. Can’t say

5. Statement
All politicians are honest. Radha devi is an honest lady.
Conclusions
I. She is a politician.
II. She is not interested in politics.

6. Statements
Smart managers are those who hire smart employees.
Conclusions
To be a smart manager, I just have to hire smart employees.
A. True B. false C. either probably true or probably false D. can’t say
 7. Statements
1. Private companies employees work for five working days with 9 working hours every day.
2. IOC’s employees work for 6 working days a week and 8 hours working hours a day.
Conclusions
1. IOC’s employees are better than private companies employees.
2. IOC’s employees work more than Private companies employees.
3. Private companies employees work more than IOC’s employees.
4. IOC’s employees are more efficient than that of private companies.

8. Statements
What is an RDX explosive ? From the outside it looks like a simple harmless object., but its real contents are
so deadly that they are sufficient to blast off an entire compartment of a Train or even a plane.
Conclusions
1. The RDX explosive can cause massive destruction by killing a number of persons with a single explosion.
2. The RDX explosive is only used to blast planes/trains as it is difficult to recognize in such settings.

9. Statements
Any student who is caught red-handed using unfair means discredits his parents and teachers.
Conclusions
I. Such students try to show that their teachers don’t teach properly in the class.
II. Stringent actions must be taken against such students.

10. Statements
All the male member of my family are either software engineer or MBAs.
Conclusions
I. Mrs. Reeta is a member of my family. She is either a software engineer or an MBA.
II. Mr. Prakash is a member of my family. He is either a software engineer or an MBA.

Directions (Q. Nos. 11 to 15) In each question below is given a statement followed by two assumptions
numbered I and II. An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. You have to consider the
statement and the following assumptions and decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement.
Give answer
(a) if only assumption I is implicit
(b) if only assumption II is implicit
(c) if either assumption I or II is implicit
(d) if neither assumption I nor II is implicit
(e) if both assumptions I and II are implicit

11. Statement "If the Indian men play to potential, they have a good chance to make the grade this time in Thomas
cup." The coach of Indian badminton team.
Assumptions
I. Indian men have the potential to win the trophy.
II. Indian men have the e potential, but they do not want to perform good.
12. Statement "We are in talks with Japanese Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) for the second loan of ₹
1600 crore” - Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) Chairman.
Assumptions
1. DMRC has already received the first loan from JBIC.
2. Talks for receiving the first loan have been finalized.
 13. Statement KLM Company has decided to issue debentures to mop up resources.
Assumptions
I. KLM Company has already explored other sources to collect resources.
II. There are very few competitions in the market for the product of KLM Company.

14. Statement "Students are not allowed to wear western dresses on the university campus". -VC of a reputed
university.
Assumptions
I. It looks vulgar and encourages more eve teasing.
II. If the girls will come to the college in Indian dresses, then they will concentrate more on studies.

15. Statement India is suffering because citizens have given and taken votes based on caste/religion and not
principles.
Assumptions
1. The days of value-based voting are numbered in India.
II. The voting based on principles has the potential to multiply the problems created by the polities of caste
and religion.

Directions (Q.16 - Q.20) In each question given below a statement is given that is followed by three assumptions
numbered I, II & III. An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. You have to consider the
statement and the following assumptions and decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement.
16. Statement "Several labor and industrial courts in this state have no proper premises. Vacancies of judges and
stenos are kept pending". A statement of a retired judge of state X.
Assumptions
I. Adequate number of staff and judges helps in the smooth functioning of the industrial and labor courts.
II. The state is not bothered about the condition of the labor and industrial courts.
III. Physical facilities of an office help in increasing efficiency of its employees.
(a) I and III are implicit (b) Only II is implicit (c) II and III are implicit
(d) All are implicit (e) None of these

17. Statement "Performing complex mental tasks while driving is dangerous" - A psychologist
Assumptions
I. Thinking too much reduces the ability to spot potential problems and react to them safely.
II. Handsfree phone conversations are as safe- or as risky -as talking to a passenger, depending upon the
demands of conversation.
III. Insecurity of humans is man-made problem.
(a) I and II (b) II and III (c) I and II
(d) All of these (e) None of these

18. Statement "We have the distinction of being the only company in India as well as the second in the world to
have won an ISO 9002 certification in our line of business". ---Statement of company X's chairman.
Assumptions
(a) Only I is implicit (b) Only II is implicit (c) Only III is implicit
(d) II and III are implicit (e) None of the above

19. Statement Use 'X' brand shoes. These are durable and available in all sizes. An advertisement in the newspaper
A.
Assumptions
I. Normally people like durable shoes.
II. Very few people read the advertisement in a newspaper.
III. Very few people read the newspaper A.
(a) Only I is implicit (b) I and II are implicit (c) I and either II or III are implicit
(d) All are implicit (e) None of the above
 20. Statement "Why are only high-profile people considered to be adventurous? The villagers in India, who have no
buses, walk barefoot for miles on dusty, untarred roads Isn't that more adventurous than rafting or gliding?" -
View of a person.
Assumptions
I. It is a Herculean task to walk barefoot for miles on dusty untarred roads.
II. Rafting and gliding adventurous by the people. are considered
III. Walking barefoot for miles on dusty untarred roads is not considered adventurous by the people.
(a) I and II (b) II and III (c) I and III
(d) All of these (e) None of these

Directions (Q. Nos. 21 to 25) For the Assertions (A) and Reasons (R), choose the correct alternative from the
following.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

21. Assertion Harshad Mehta was responsible for a major bull run in the Indian Stock market.
Reason Harshad Mehta was known as the "big bull".

22. Assertion It has been observed that buffaloes like to remain in the water during the summer.
Reason Contact with water cools the body in the summer.

23. Assertion Iron is a good conductor of electricity.

Reason If you touch an iron rod which is ex- posed to electric current, you will get an electric shock.

24. Assertion If you touch an iron rod which is ex- posed to electric current, you will get an electric shock.
Reason Iron is a good conductor of electricity.

25. Assertion The price of a stock is determined on the basis of the demand and supply of the stock.
Reason The value of the Sensex increases whenever there is a heavy demand for the stocks which
form the Sensex.
Direction (Q.26 – Q.30): In each question given below a statement is given that is followed by two courses of
action I, II. You have to assume everything in the statement to be true. Then decide which of the two suggested
course of action logically follows for pursuing.
Given Answers
(a) If only 1 follows
(b) If only 2 follows
(c) If both 1 & 2 follow
(d) If neither 1 nor 2 follows

26. Statement There is an alarming and increasing trend of engineering and technical graduates to opt for
jobs rather than doing research.
Courses of Action I. Universities must make research in engineering subjects more attractive.
II. It should be made compulsory to pursue research after an engineering degree.

27. Statement The colony has suffered major thefts and break-ins due to lax security systems.
Courses of Action I. Security should be strengthened in the colony.
II. Residents and regular visitors and their vehicles should be provided with identity cards and
stickers for better control of who is coming and going into the colony.
 28. Statement The lack of employment and income during economic depression leads to an increase in the crime
rates.
Courses of Action I. The government should provide unemployment compensation as done in advanced
countries
II. The government should encourage greater economic activity and increase the number of
industries in order to reduce crime rates.

29. Statement A huge oil tanker overturned on the highway leading to the state capital and blocked most part of the
highway from vehicular traffic.
Course of Action I. The government should immediately constitute a high-level enquiry committee to look
into the matter.
II. The driver of the oil tanker should immediately be arrested.

30. Statement Violence took place in most of the places during election.
Course of action I. Election should be banned in the country.
II. Government should deploy adequate number of police so that no violence takes place.

Direction (Q.31-Q.35): In each of the following questions, two statements numbered I and II are given. There may be
cause and effect relationship between the two statements. These two statements may be the effect of the same cause or
independent causes. These statements may be independent causes without having any relationship. Read both the
statements in each question and mark your answer as
(A) If statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
(B) If statement II is the cause and statement, I is its effect;
(C) If both the statements I and II are independent causes.
(D) If both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes; and
(E) If both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
31. Statements:
I. The prices of petrol and diesel in the domestic market have remained unchanged for the past few months.
II. The crude oil prices in the international market have gone up substantially in the last few months.

32. Statements:
I. The government has recently fixed the fees for professional courses offered by the unaided institutions
which are much lower than the fees charged last year.
II. The parents of the aspiring students launched a severe agitation last year protesting against the high fees
charged by the unaided institutions.

33. Statements
I. The Reserve Bank of India has recently put restrictions on few small banks in the country.
II. The small banks in the private and co-operative sector in India are not in a position to withstand the
competitions of the bigger in the public sector.

34. Statements:
I. All the schools in the area had to be kept closed for most part of the week.
II. Many parents have withdrawn their children from the local schools.

35. Statements:
I. India has surpassed the value of tea exports this year over all the earlier years due to an increase in
demand for quality tea in the European market.
II. There is an increase in demand of coffee in the domestic market during the last two years.
Direction (Q.36-Q.40): Read the following passage and answer the questions based on it.

36. The pressure on Italy’s 257 jails has been increasing rapidly. These jails are old and overcrowded. They
are supposed to hold up to 43,000 people -9,000 fewer than now. San Vittore in Milan, which has 1,800
inmates, is designed for 800. The number of foreigners inside jails has also been increasing. The minister
in charge of prisons fears that tensions may snap, and so has recommended to the government an amnesty
policy.
Which one of the following, if true, would have most influenced the recommendation of the minister?
a) Opinion polls have indicated that many Italians favor a general pardon.
b) The opposition may be persuaded to help since amnesties must by approved by a two-thirds majority in
parliament.
c) During a recent visit to a large prison, the Pope, whose pronouncements are taken seriously, appealed for ‘a
gesture of clemency.’
d) Shortly before the recommendation was made, 58 prisons reported disturbances in a period of two weeks.

37. About 96% of Scandinavian moths have ears tuned to the ultrasonic pulses that bats, their predators,
emit. But the remaining 4% do not have ears and are deaf. However, they have a larger wingspan than the
hearing moths, and also have higher wing-loadings the ratio between a wing’s area and its weight —
meaning higher maneuverability.
Which one of the following can be best inferred from the above passage?
a) A higher proportion of deaf moths than hearing moths fall prey to bats.
b) Deaf moths may try to avoid bats by frequent changes in their flight direction.
c) Deaf moths are faster than hearing moths, and so are less prone to becoming a bat’s dinner than hearing
moths.
d) The large wingspan enables deaf moths to better receive and sense the pulses of their bat predators

38. Argentina’s beef cattle herd has dropped to under 50 million from 57 million ten years ago in 1990. The
animals are worth less, too: prices fell by over a third last year, before recovering slightly. Most local meat
packers and processors are in financial trouble, and recent years have seen a string of plant closures. The
Beef Producers’ Association has now come up with a massive advertisement campaign calling upon
Argentines to eat more beef—their “juicy, healthy, rotund, plate- filling” steaks.
Which one of the following, if true, would contribute most to a failure of the campaign?
a) There has been a change in consumer preference towards eating leaner meats like chicken and fish.
b) Prices of imported beef have been increasing, thus making locally grown beef more competitive in terms of
pricing.
c) The inability to cross breed native cattle with improved varieties has not increased production to adequate
levels.
d) Animal rights pressure groups have come up rapidly, demanding better and humane treatment of farmyard
animals like beef cattle.

39. Although in the limited sense of freedom regarding appointments and internal working, the independence
of the Central Bank is unequivocally ensured, the same cannot be said of its right to pursue monetary
policy without co-ordination with the central government. The role of the Central Bank has turned out to
be subordinate and advisory in nature.
Which of the following best supports the conclusion drawn in the passage?
a) A decision of the chairman of the Central Bank to increase the bank rate by two percentage points sent
shockwaves in industry, academic and government circles alike.
b) Government has repeatedly resorted to monetization of the debt despite the reservations of the Central Bank.
c) The Central Bank does not need the central government’s nod for replacing soiled currency notes.
d) The inability to remove coin shortage was a major shortcoming of this government.
40. The theory of games is suggested to some extent by parlor games such as chess and bridge. Friedman
illustrates two distinct features of these games. First, in a parlor game played for money, if one wins the
other (others) loses (lose). Second, these games are games involving a strategy. In a game of chess, while
choosing what action is to be taken, a player tries to guess how his/her opponent will react to the various
actions he or she might take. In contrast, the card pastime, ‘patience’ or ‘solitaire’ is played only against
chance.
Which one of the following can best be described as a “game”?
a) The team of Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary climbing Mt. Everest for the first time in human history.
b) A national level essay writing competition.
c) A decisive war between the armed forces of India and Pakistan over Kashmir.
d) Oil Exporters’ Union deciding on world oil prices, completely disregarding the countries which have at most
minimal oil production