CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that ANUSHKA CHATTERJI of class XII - B has successsfully completed the chemistry investigatory
project on the topic ESTIMATION OF VITAMIN C IN FRUITS under the guidance of MRS LEENA STANLEY during the
year 2024-2025
TEACHER'S SIGNATURE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The success and final outcome of this project required a lot of
hard work and a lot of guidance from many people and I am
extremely privileged to get this.
I would like to express my gratitude to my teacher MRS LEENA
STANLEY and our chemistry lab attendant MRS JIJI DANIEL for
their support and guidance that helped me complete this
project on the ESTIMATION OF VITAMIN C IN FRUITS
AIM
To determine Ascorbic acid concentration in fruits and
vegetable juices by titration
APPARATUS
• Burette • Pipette • Conical flask • Beakers • Measuring flasks
• Funnel • Weight box
INTRODUCTION
Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) is a yellow solid soluble in alcohol
and water and insoluble in fats and oils. It has beneficial
physiological effects in human beings and increases resistance
to diseases. Citrus fruits, vegetables, tomatoes and amla are
its best sources. It prevents common cold and helps in the
treatment of certain types of cancer such as bladder cancer. Its
deficiency causes scurvy, anaemia, delayed wound healing,
bone fragility and bleeding gums. It is readily destroyed by
heating and therefore is not present in cooked vegetables.
CHEMICALS REQUIRED
• FRUIT JUICE (LEMON) Filter to remove pulp and fibres. Dilute
50m1 fruit juice to 100m1 with distilled water.
• DYE SOLUTION Dissolve 0.125g of salt solution of 2,6 -
dichlorophenol indophenol in about 200m1 of distilled water
in a measuring flask. To this add 0.0165g of potassium
hydrogen phosphate and 0.0202g of potassium dihydrogen
phosphate. Shake well to dissolve all the solid and make the
volume to 250m1.
• STANDARD ASCORBIC ACID SOLUTION Dissolve 10mg of pure
ascorbic acid solid in about 50m1 of distilled water in a
measuring flask and make it up to a volume of 100m1.
• GLACIAL ACETIC ACID
• CHLOROFORM
THEORY
Ascorbic acid reacts with the coloured dye, 2,6-
dichlorophenol indophenol in acid medium to give a colourless
reduced dye. A known volume of the fruit juice is titrated
against a standard solution of the dye. The end point is
indicated by appearance of pink colour.
PROCEDURE
Titration of the fruit juice solution with the
dye solution. Transfer 10mI of the fruit
juice solution using a pipette into a clean
conical flask. To this, add 2ml of glacial
acetic acid and 2ml of chloroform. Titrate
it with the dye solution taken in a burette
until the colour of chloroform layer
changed from colourless to pink. Repeat
the titration to get 3 readings.
Titrate 10m' of standard ascorbic acid
solution with the dye solution using the
method used in fruit juice solution.
Perform a blank titration. Take 10m' of
distilled water, 2m' of glacial acetic acid
and 2ml of chloroform in a conical flask
and titrate it against dye solution till
chloroform layer changes from colourless
to pink
OBSERVATIONS
Mass of ascorbic acid dissolved ub
100ml of distilled water = w.g
10mg = 10/1000g
0.01g
Volume of dye solution consumed for
10ml of fruit juice solution = 'a' ml
LEMON JUICE (IOML)
Volume of dye solution consumed for
10ml of standard ascorbic acid solution
'b' ml
STANDARD ASCORBIC ACID SOLUTION
(IOML)
Volume of dye solution consumed in
blank titration = 'c' ml
CALCULATIONS
Concentration of ascorbic acid in fruit juice:
= (a-c) x w x dilution of lemon juice
(a-b)
= (a-c) x w x 100/50
(a-b)
(a-c) x w x 100/50
(a-b)
(0.6-0.1) 100/50
(0.6 - 1.0)
1
40
1
40
= 0.025 mg / 100mL of lemon juice
It was found that about 2.5 g of Ascorbic acid
was present in the given sample of dilute
lemon juice.
CONCLUSION
A titration for the estimation of vitamin C
(ascorbic acid) present in dilute lemon juice
was carried out.
APPLICATION
Ascorbic acid is easily oxidised and is thus used
as a reactant in photographic developer
solutions amongst others and as a
preservation. Ascorbic acid's fat soluble ester
with long chain fatty acids can be used as food
antioxidants.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. NCERT class - Chemistry
2. [Link]
3. [Link]
4. Comprehensive lab manual for chemistry