VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - HO CHI MINH CITY

HO CHI MINH UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

REPORT

MACHINE ELEMENTS
CLASS: CC01 – TOPIC 3 – OPTION 11

DESIGNING A MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

FOR A ROTATING TANK

Instructor: [Link] Phan Đình Huấn

Student: Lưu Quang Viễn

ID: 2252902

HO CHI MINH City, 2023

1
 DESIGNING A MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM FOR A
ROTATING TANK

Mechanical system:
1- Electric motor; 2- Coupling; 3- Gearbox; 4- Rolling chain drive; 5- Rotating tank.
Rotational direction is shown in above scheme.
Design Parameters:
Tank power, P (kW): 9.25
Tank speed, n (rpm): 145
Service life, L (year): 6
One-directional rotation, two shifts, low level load.
(300 days of working per year, 8 hours per shift)
Speed ratio error ≤ ±5%

2
 CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: SELECTING ELECTRIC MOTOR AND SPEED RATIO
DISTRIBUTION ................................................................................................. 5
1.1 Productivity............................................................................................... 5
1.2 Speed ratio ................................................................................................ 6
1.3 Calculating on transmission system ......................................................... 6
CHAPTER 2: DESIGNING ROLLING CHAIN DRIVE ............................... 8
2.1 Type of rolling chain drive .......................................................................... 8
2.2 Number of teeth on sprockets ................................................................... 8
2.3 Factor of condition K ............................................................................... 8
2.4 Calculated power and pitch p................................................................... 8
2.5 Center distance & number of links ........................................................... 9
2.5 Times of impact per second .................................................................... 10
2.6 Diameter of sprockets ............................................................................. 10
2.7 Speed and Tangential force on sprocket ................................................ 10
2.8 Force exerted on shaft ............................................................................ 10
CHAPTER 3: DESIGNING BEVEL GEAR TRANSMISSION .................. 12
3.1 Material .................................................................................................. 12
3.2 Theoretical operating cycles .................................................................. 12
3.3 Equivalent operating cycles.................................................................... 12
3.4 Permission stress .................................................................................... 12
3.5 Tooth rim width coefficient 𝜓𝑏𝑒 and Calculated load factor 𝐾𝐻𝛽 ....... 13
3.6 𝑍1𝑃 and module 𝑚𝑒 ............................................................................... 13
3.7 Geometry parameter ............................................................................... 14
3.8 Radial velocity, degree of accuracy and 𝐾𝐻 ........................................ 15
3.9 Checking contact stress .......................................................................... 15
3.10 Force on shafts ....................................................................................... 16
3.11 Checking bending stress ......................................................................... 16
CHAPTER 4: DESIGNING SHAFTS ............................................................ 18
4.1 Material: C45 steel ................................................................................. 18
4.2 Force on shaft ......................................................................................... 18

3
 4.3 Calculation on shaft................................................................................ 19
4.4 Safety factor checking ............................................................................. 23
4.5 Static strength checking .......................................................................... 25
CHAPTER 5: DESIGNING BEARING ......................................................... 27
5.1. Force applying on bearing ..................................................................... 27
5.2. Equivalent load Q ................................................................................... 27
5.3. Dynamic load factor 𝐶𝑡𝑡 ........................................................................ 28
REFERENCES .................................................................................................. 29

4
CHAPTER 1: SELECTING ELECTRIC MOTOR AND SPEED RATIO
DISTRIBUTION

1.1 Productivity

Table 1.1. Value of productivity

Select:
ηcouplings = 0.98; ηrolling−contact bearings = 0.99; ηbevel gear = 0.96;
ηchain = 0.93
⇒ ηgeneral = ηcouplings . ηrolling−contact bearings 3 . ηbevel gear . ηchain =
0.98 x 0.993 x 0.96 x 0.93 ≈ 0.849
𝑃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 9.25
𝑃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 = 9.25 𝑘𝑊 => 𝑃𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 = = ≈ 10.895 𝑘𝑊
ηgeneral 0.849

5
 1.2 Speed ratio

Table 1.2. Speed ratio

ugear box = 2 ÷ 4; urolling chain = 2 ÷ 5
⇒ ugeneral =(2 ÷ 4) x ( 2 ÷ 5) = 4 ÷ 20
⇒ nmotor = n𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 . ugeneral = 145 𝑥 ( 4 ÷ 20) = 580 ÷ 2900 rpm

We can choose this type of motor:

Type Working Rotational velocity Tmax /Tdn
DK.63-4 14 kW 1460 rpm 2.3
Redistribute speed ratio:
nmotor 1460
ugeneral = = ≈ 10
n𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 145
We can choose ugear box = 4; urolling chain = 2.5
1.3 Calculating on transmission system:
𝑃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 = 9.25 𝑘𝑊
𝑃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 9.25
𝑃𝐼𝐼𝐼 = = ≈ 9.343 𝑘𝑊
ηrolling−contact bearings 0.99
𝑃𝐼𝐼𝐼 9.343
𝑃𝐼𝐼 = = ≈ 10.148 𝑘𝑊
ηrolling−contact bearings . ηchain 0.99 𝑥 0.93

𝑃𝐼𝐼 10.148
𝑃𝐼 = = ≈ 10.678 𝑘𝑊
ηrolling−contact bearings . ηbevel gear 0.99 𝑥 0.96

6
 𝑃𝐼 10.678
𝑃𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 = = ≈ 10.896 𝑘𝑊
ηcoupling 0.98

𝑃𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 < 14 kW => Suitable

Rotational speed on shafts:
nmotor = nI = 1460 𝑟𝑝𝑚
nI 1460
nII = = = 365 𝑟𝑝𝑚
ugear box 4
nII 365
nIII = = = 146 𝑟𝑝𝑚 => Suitable
u𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑖𝑛 2.5

Torque on shafts:
Pmotor 10.896
Tmotor = 9.55 × 106 × = 9.55 × 106 × = 71271.78 𝑁𝑚𝑚
nmotor 1460

PI 10.678
TI = 9.55 × 106 × = 9.55 × 106 × = 69845.82 𝑁𝑚𝑚
nI 1460

PII 10.148
TII = 9.55 × 106 × = 9.55 × 106 × = 265516.16 𝑁𝑚𝑚
nII 365

PIII 9.343
TIII = 9.55 × 106 × = 9.55 × 106 × = 611134.59 𝑁𝑚𝑚
nIII 146

7
CHAPTER 2: DESIGNING ROLLING CHAIN DRIVE
2.1 Type of rolling chain drive:
According to long longevity, high popularity with low level load, rolling
chain with one strand is chosen for the system.
2.2 Number of teeth on sprockets:
urolling chain = 2.5

Table 2.1. Number of teeth

Select 𝑍1 = 25 as number of teeth for the smaller sproket.
=> 𝑍2 = 25 𝑥 2.5 = 62.5~63 (< 𝑍𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 120 for free low chain)
63
 Actually, urolling chain = = 2.52
25
2.3 Factor of condition K:
𝐾 = 𝐾𝑟 𝐾𝑎 𝐾0 𝐾𝑑𝑐 𝐾𝑏 𝐾𝑙𝑣

𝐾𝑟 − effect of Shock factor, for transmitted by electrical motors and shockfree

operation, 𝐾𝑟 = 1
𝐾𝑎 − effect of center distance, select center distance a=(30 … 50)p, 𝐾𝑎 = 1
𝐾0 − arrangement of drive factor, angle between line connecting center of 2
sprockets and horizontal line <60o, then 𝐾0 = 1
𝐾𝑑𝑐 − chain tension factor, tension by shaft, then 𝐾𝑑𝑐 = 1
𝐾𝑏 − lubrication factor, continuous lubrication 𝐾𝑏 = 0.8
𝐾𝑙𝑣 − rating factor, 16 hours per day, then 𝐾𝑙𝑣 = 1.25
 𝐾 = 1 𝑥 1𝑥 1𝑥 1𝑥 0.8 𝑥 1.25 = 1
𝑍 25
𝐾𝑧 − factor of teeth number of driving sprocket, 𝐾𝑧 = 01 = =1
𝑍1 𝑍1

𝑛01 400
𝐾𝑛 −factor of speed of driving sprocket, select 𝑛01 = 400, 𝐾𝑛 = = ≈ 1.1
𝑛1 365
𝐾𝑥 − effect of strand number, 𝐾𝑥 = 1 for one-strand rolling chain

2.4 Calculated power and pitch p:

𝑃. 𝐾. 𝐾𝑛 𝐾𝑧
𝑃𝑡 = ≤ [𝑃]
𝐾𝑥

𝑃𝑡 − calculated power, 𝑃 − power to be transmitted, [P] − allowed power

10.148 x 1 x 1.1 𝑥 1
=> 𝑃𝑡 = ≈ 11.163 𝑘𝑊
1

8
 Table 2.2. Pitch p
Select p = 25.4mm
𝑃𝑡 < [P] = 19 𝑘𝑊 => Suitable

Table 2.3. Maximum pitch

𝑝 = 25.4 𝑚𝑚 < 𝑝𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 44.45 𝑚𝑚 => Suitable

2.5 Center distance & number of links:

Center distance 𝑎 = (30 … 50)𝑝
For urolling chain = 2.52, let 𝑎 = 38𝑝 = 965.2 𝑚𝑚

Number of links:

2𝑎 𝑍1 + 𝑍2 (𝑍2 − 𝑍1 )2 𝑝 2 x 965.2 25 + 63 (63 − 25)2 x 25.4

𝑥= + + = + +
𝑝 2 4𝑎𝜋 2 25.4 2 4 x 965.2 x 𝜋 2

≈ 120.96
Choose x = 122, recalculate center distance:

9
 𝑍1 + 𝑍2 𝑍1 + 𝑍2 2 𝑍2 − 𝑍1 2
𝑎 = 0.25𝑝 ( 𝑥 − + √(𝑥 − ) − 2( )
2 2 𝜋

25 + 63 25 + 63 2 63 − 25 2
= 0.25 x 25.4 ( 122 − + √(122 − ) − 2( )
2 2 𝜋
≈ 978.54 𝑚𝑚
In order to reduce tension on chain, center distance must be decreased
∆𝑎 = (0.002 … 0.004)𝑎
Finally, center distance 𝑎 = 978.54 − 978.54 𝑥 0.004 ≈ 974.63 𝑚𝑚

2.5 Times of impact per second:

𝑍1 . 𝑛1 25 𝑥 365
𝑖= = ≈ 5 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒/𝑠 ≤ [𝑖]
15𝑥 15 𝑥 122

Table 2.4. Times of impact

𝑖 = 5 ≤ [𝑖] = 30 => Suitable

2.6 Diameter of sprockets:

𝑝 25.4
𝑑1 = 𝜋 = 𝜋 ≈ 202.66 𝑚𝑚
𝑠𝑖𝑛( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛( )
𝑍1 25
𝑝 25.4
𝑑2 = 𝜋 = 𝜋 ≈ 509.57 𝑚𝑚
𝑠𝑖𝑛( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛( )
𝑍2 63
2.7 Speed and Tangential force on sprocket:

Speed
𝑍1 . 𝑛1 . 𝑝 25 x 365 x 25.4
𝑣1 = = ≈ 3.86 𝑚/𝑠
60000 60000

Tangential force
1000𝑃 1000 x 10.148
𝐹𝑡 = = ≈ 2696𝑁
𝑣1 3.86

2.8 Force exerted on shaft:

𝐹𝑟 = 𝑘𝑥 . 𝐹𝑡

10
 𝑘𝑥 − coefficent relative to weight of chain, 𝑘𝑥 = 1.15 as the angle between
center-connecting line and the horizontal < 40o
Then,
Fr = 1.15 x 2696 ≈ 3100N

11
CHAPTER 3: DESIGNING BEVEL GEAR TRANSMISSION
3.1 Material:
C45, 0.45% Cacbon, used for machine structure
Smaller gear: HB1=240 Larger gear: HB2=230
Heat treatment process: Tempering
3.2 Theoretical operating cycles:
NHO1 = 30HB1 2.4 = 30 × 2402.4 = 1.547 × 107 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠
NHO2 = 30HB2 2.4 = 30 × 2302.4 = 1.397 × 107 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠
NFO1 = NFO2 = 4 × 106 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠
3.3 Equivalent operating cycles:
Number of working hours: 𝑡 = 6 x 300 x 2 x 8 = 28800 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
Due to static load:
NHE1 = NFE1 = 60𝑐n1 𝑡 = 60 x 1 x 1460 x 28800
= 252.3 𝑥x 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠
NHE2 = NFE2 = 60𝑐n2 𝑡 = 60 x 1 x 365 x 28800 = 63.1 x 107 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠
As NHE1 > NHO1 ; NHE2 > NHO2 ; NFE1 > NFO1 ; NFE2 > NFO1
=> K HL1 = K HL2 = K FL1 = K FL2 = 1
𝐾𝐻𝐿 , 𝐾𝐹𝐿 − coefficient refer to longevity

3.4 Permission stress:

Fatique limits for contact stresses:
0
𝜎𝐻𝑙𝑖𝑚1 = 2𝐻𝐵1 + 70 = 2 x 240 + 70 = 550 𝑀𝑃𝑎
0
𝜎𝐻𝑙𝑖𝑚2 = 2𝐻𝐵2 + 70 = 2 x 230 + 70 = 530 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Fatique limits for bending stresses:
0
𝜎𝐹𝑙𝑖𝑚1 = 1.8𝐻𝐵1 = 1.8 x 240 = 432 𝑀𝑃𝑎
0
𝜎𝐹𝑙𝑖𝑚2 = 1.8𝐻𝐵2 = 1.8 x 230 = 414 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Allowable contact stress:
0
K HL1 1
[σH1 ] = 𝜎𝐻𝑙𝑖𝑚1 = 550 x = 500 𝑀𝑃𝑎
SH1 1.1

0
K HL2 1
[σH2 ] = 𝜎𝐻𝑙𝑖𝑚2 = 530 x = 481.82 𝑀𝑃𝑎
SH2 1.1

Allowable bending stress:

0
K FL1 K FC 1x1
[σF1 ] = 𝜎𝐹𝑙𝑖𝑚1 = 432 x = 246.857 𝑀𝑃𝑎
SF1 1.75

0
K FL2 K FC 1x1
[σF2 ] = 𝜎𝐹𝑙𝑖𝑚2 = 414 x = 236.571 𝑀𝑃𝑎
SF2 1.75

𝐾𝐹𝐶 − coefficient refer to load application, 𝐾𝐹𝐶 = 1 for one-direction rotation

𝑆𝐹 , 𝑆𝐻 − safety coefficient

12
 Table 3.1. Value of 𝑆𝐹 , 𝑆𝐻
Allowable contact stress for caculation: [σH ] = min ([σH1 ], [σH2 ]) = 481.82 𝑀𝑃𝑎
3.5 Tooth rim width coefficient 𝛙𝐛𝐞 and Calculated load factor 𝐊 𝐇𝛃 :
Select ψbe = 0.258

ψbe × u 0.285 𝑥 4
= = 0.665
2 − ψbe 2 − 0.285

Table 3.2. Value of 𝐾𝐻𝛽

Select K Hβ = 1.23
3.6 𝐙𝟏𝐏 and module 𝐦𝐞

Diameter
3 T1 K Hβ
de1 = 95√
0.85(1 − 0.5ψbe )2 ψbe u[σH ]2

3 69845.82 x 1.23
= 95 √ = 78.121 𝑚𝑚
0.85(1 − 0.5 x 0.258)2 0.258 𝑥 4 x 481.822

Choose de1 = 80 𝑚𝑚

13
 Table 3.3. 𝑍1𝑃 for bevel gear
Select Z1P = 17
Z1 = 1.6Z1P = 1.6 𝑥 17 = 27.2 => Choose Z1 = 28
Z2 = uZ1 = 4 𝑥 28 = 112
de1 78.121
Module me = = = 2.79 => Choose me = 3 (standard)
Z1 28
Exactly gear ratio:
Z 112
u= 2= = 4 => ∆u = 0%
Z1 28
3.7 Geometry parameter:
Pitch angle:
1 1
δ1 = arctan ( ) = arctan ( ) = 14.04𝑜
u 4

δ2 = 90𝑜 − 14.04𝑜 = 75.96𝑜

Outer diameter:
de1 = me Z1 = 3 × 28 = 84 𝑚𝑚
de2 = me Z2 = 3 × 112 = 336 𝑚𝑚
Pitch diameter:
dm1 = de1 (1 − 0.5ψbe ) = 84 × (1 − 0.5 × 0.258)
= 73.164 𝑚𝑚
dm2 = de2 (1 − 0.5ψbe ) = 336 × (1 − 0.5 × 0.258)
= 292.656 𝑚𝑚
Outer cone distance:
de1 84
Re = = = 173.125 𝑚𝑚
2𝑠𝑖𝑛δ1 2𝑠𝑖𝑛14.04
Pitch cone distance:
dm1 73.164
Rm = = = 150.792 𝑚𝑚
2𝑠𝑖𝑛δ1 2𝑠𝑖𝑛14.04

Average module:

14
 dm1 73.164
mm = = = 2.613 𝑚𝑚
Z1 28
Face width:
b = R e ψbe = 173.125 × 0.258 = 44.666 𝑚𝑚

3.8 Radial velocity, degree of accuracy and 𝐊 𝐇 :

Radial velocity:
πdm1 n1 π × 73.164 × 1460
v1 = = = 5.593 𝑚/𝑠
6 × 104 6 × 104

Table 3.4. 𝐾𝐻𝑉 = 𝐾𝐹𝑉 according to degree of freedom

 Select degree of accuracy = 8, v1 = 5.593
 K HV = K FV = 1.12
 K H = K HV K Hβ = 1.12 𝑥 1.23 = 1.378
3.9 Checking contact stress:
ZM = 275 − 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑟

2
ZH = √ = 1.76 − 𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 αw = 20𝑜
sin (2 × αw )

4 − εα 4 − 1.2
Zε = √ =√ = 0.966
3 3
εα − Transverse contact ratio εα = [1.2 ÷ 1.9]

Contact stress:

2T1 K H √(u2 + 1)
σH = ZM ZH Zε √
0.85d2m1 bu

√ 2 x 69845.82 x 1.378√(42 + 1)
= 275 x 1.76 x 0.966 x = 461.975 𝑀𝑃𝑎
0.85 x 73.1642 x 44.666 x 4

15
 => σH < [σH ] = 481.82 𝑀𝑃𝑎 => Suitable
3.10 Force on shafts:
Tangential force:

2T1 2 × 69845.82
Ft1 = Ft2 = = = 1909.295 𝑁
dm1 73.164
Radial force:
Fr1 = Fa2 = Ft1 tan(α) cos(δ1 ) = 1909.295 x tan(20) cos(14.04)
= 614.167 𝑁
Axial force:
Fa1 = Fr2 = Ft2 tan(α) sin(δ1 )
= 1909.295 x tan(20) sin(14.04) = 168.589 𝑁
3.11 Checking bending stress:
K F = K Fβ K FV = [1 + (K Hβ − 1) x 1.5]K FV
= [1 + (1.23 − 1) x 1.5] x 1.12 = 1.506
Equivalent teeth number:

Z1 28
Zv1 = = ≈ 29
cos (δ1 ) cos (14.04)

Z2 112
Zv2 = = ≈ 462
cos (δ2 ) cos (75.96)

Tooth form factor:

Table 3.5. Adjustment coefficient x

Select x = 0.33

16
 13.2 27.9x
YF1 = 3.47 + − + 0.092x 2
Zv1 Zv1

13.2 27.9 x 0.33

= 3.47 + − + 0.092 x 0.332 = 3.618
29 29

 Bending stress:

K F Ft YF1 1.506 x 1909.295 x 3.618

σF1 = = = 79.977 𝑀𝑃𝑎
0.85m𝑒 b 0.85 x 3 x 44.666

σF1 < [σF1 ] = 246.857 𝑀𝑃𝑎 => Suitable

17
CHAPTER 4: DESIGNING SHAFTS
4.1 Material: C45 steel
4.2 Force on shaft:
Tangential force:

2T1 2 × 69845.82
Ft1 = Ft2 = = = 1909.295 𝑁
dm1 73.164

Radial force:
Fr1 = Fa2 = Ft1 tan(α) cos(δ1 ) = 1909.295 x tan(20) cos(14.04) = 614.167 𝑁
Axial force:
Fa1 = Fr2 = Ft2 tan(α) sin(δ1 ) = 1909.295 x tan(20) sin(14.04) = 168.589 𝑁

Table 4.1. Shaft length calculation

Gearbox figure

Table 4.2. Width of bearing 𝑏0 according to shaft diameter

18
 Table 4.3. Necessary parameters for shaft length calculation
4.3 Calculation on shaft
4.3.1 Shaft I
Select [𝜏] = 20 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑇1 = 69845.82 𝑁𝑚𝑚 = 69.84582 𝑁𝑚

316𝑇 3 16 × 69.84582
𝑑1 = 10√ = 10 √ = 26.1 𝑚𝑚
𝜋[𝜏] 𝜋 × 20

Choose 𝑑1 = 30 𝑚𝑚 (Standard)

𝑙12 = − 𝑙𝑐12 = −[0.5(𝑙𝑚12 + 𝑏0 ) + 𝑘3 + ℎ𝑛 ]

= −[0.5(1.2 x 30 + 19) + 15 + 15] = −57.5 ≈ −58 𝑚𝑚
𝑙11 = 2.5𝑑 = 75 𝑚𝑚
𝑙13 = 𝑙11 + 𝑘1 + 𝑘2 + 𝑙𝑚13 + 0.5(𝑏0 − 𝑏13 𝑐𝑜𝑠δ1 )
= 75 + 8 + 5 + 1.2 x 30 + 0.5 (19 − 44.666 x 𝑐𝑜𝑠14.04) = 112 𝑚𝑚
The force that joint applies on shaft (select D =100 mm):

𝑇1 69845.82
𝐹𝑟 = 0.2 x 2 x = 0.2 x 2 x = 279.38 𝑁
𝐷 100

Torque
𝑑𝑚1 73.164
𝑇 = 𝐹𝑡1 = 1909.295 x = 69845.83 𝑁𝑚𝑚
2 2

Bending moment caused by 𝐹𝑎1 :

𝑑𝑚1 73.164
𝑀 = 𝐹𝑎1 = 168.589 x
2 2
= 6167.32 𝑁𝑚𝑚

𝑅𝐴𝑥 − 𝑅𝐵𝑥 + 𝐹𝑡1 − 𝐹𝑟 = 0 𝑅 = 1437.35𝑁

{ { 𝐴𝑥
58𝑅𝐴𝑥 − 133 𝑅𝐵𝑥 + 170𝐹𝑡1 = 0 𝑅𝐵𝑥 = 3067.27𝑁

𝑅𝐴𝑦 − 𝑅𝐵𝑦 + 𝐹𝑟1 = 0 𝑅𝐴𝑦 = 220.76𝑁

{ {
112𝑅𝐴𝑥 − 37 𝑅𝐵𝑥 + 𝑀 = 0 𝑅𝐵𝑦 = 834.93𝑁

19
 58 75 37

D A B 𝐹𝑎1 C

𝐹𝑡1 𝐹𝑟1
𝐹𝑟 𝑅𝐴𝑥 𝑅𝐴𝑦 𝑅𝐵𝑥 𝑅
𝐵𝑦

𝐹𝑟
𝑅𝐴𝑥 𝑅𝐴𝑦 𝑅𝐵𝑥 𝑅𝐵𝑦 𝐹𝑡1 𝐹𝑟1
69845.83

16557

Mx

6167.32

70641.71

My

16204.04
Based on the formula 𝑀 = √𝑀𝑥2 + 𝑀𝑦2 + 0.75𝑇 2
MA = 62621.09 𝑁𝑚𝑚, MB = 94462.77 𝑁𝑚𝑚, MC = 60801.86 𝑁𝑚𝑚
Based on the formula: ([𝜎] = 67𝑀𝑝𝑎)
3 𝑀
𝑑=√
0.1[𝜎]
dA = 25𝑚𝑚, dB = 40𝑚𝑚, dC = 22𝑚𝑚 (Standardized)

20
4.3.2 Shaft II
𝑇2 = 265516.16 𝑁𝑚𝑚 = 265.51616 𝑁𝑚

3 16𝑇 3 16 × 265.51616
𝑑2 = 10√ = 10 √ = 40.74 𝑚𝑚
𝜋[𝜏] 𝜋 × 20

Choose 𝑑2 = 45 𝑚𝑚 (Standard)
𝑙22 = 0.5(𝑙𝑚22 + 𝑏0 ) + 𝑘1 + 𝑘2 = 0.5(1.2 x 45 + 25) + 8 + 5 = 53 𝑚𝑚
𝑙23 = 𝑙22 + 0.5(𝑙𝑚22 + 𝑏13 𝑐𝑜𝑠δ2 ) + 𝑘1
= 53 + 0.5(1.2 x 45 + 44.666 x 𝑐𝑜𝑠75.96) + 8 ≈ 93 𝑚𝑚
𝑙21 = 𝑙𝑚22 + 𝑙𝑚23 + 𝑏0 + 3𝑘1 + 2𝑘2
= 1.2 x 45 + 1.2 x 45 + 25 + 3 x 8 + 2 x 5 = 167 𝑚𝑚

Torque
𝑑𝑚2 292.656
𝑇 = 𝐹𝑡2 = 1909.295 x = 279383.32 𝑁𝑚𝑚
2 2

Bending moment caused by

𝑑𝑚2 292.656
𝐹𝑎2 : 𝑀 = 𝐹𝑎2 = 614.167 x
2 2
= 89869.83 𝑁𝑚𝑚

𝑅𝐴𝑥 + 𝑅𝐶𝑥 − 𝐹𝑡2 = 0 𝑅 = 846.03 𝑁

{ { 𝐴𝑥
167𝑅𝐶𝑥 − 93𝐹𝑡2 = 0 𝑅𝐶𝑥 = 1063.26 𝑁

21
 𝑅𝐴𝑦 − 𝑅𝐶𝑦 + 𝐹𝑟2 = 0 𝑅𝐴𝑦 = 463.44 𝑁
{ {
−167𝑅𝐶𝑦 + 𝑀 + 93𝐹𝑟2 = 0 𝑅𝐶𝑦 = −632.03 𝑁

93 74

𝐹𝑟2

A 𝐹𝑎2 B C

𝐹𝑡2
𝑅𝐴𝑥 𝑅𝐴𝑦 𝑅𝐶𝑥 𝑅𝐶𝑦

𝐹𝑟2
𝑀

𝑅𝐶𝑥
𝐹𝑡2
𝑅𝐴𝑥 𝑅𝐶𝑦
𝑅𝐴𝑦

43099.02

𝑀𝑥

46769.91

78680.79

𝑀𝑦

Based on the formula 𝑀 = √𝑀𝑥2 + 𝑀𝑦2 + 0.75𝑇 2

MA = 0 𝑁𝑚𝑚, MB = 91531.91 𝑁𝑚𝑚, MC = 0 𝑁𝑚𝑚
Based on the formula: ([𝜎] = 55𝑀𝑃𝑎)
3 𝑀
𝑑=√
0.1[𝜎]
Select:
dA = dC = 30𝑚𝑚, dB = 34𝑚𝑚 (Standardized)

22
4.4 Safety factor checking:
Given that:
𝑠𝜎𝑗 . 𝑠𝜏𝑗
𝑠𝑗 =
√𝑠𝜎𝑗 2 + 𝑠𝜏𝑗 2

𝜎−1
𝑠𝜎𝑗 =
𝐾𝜎𝑑𝑗 . 𝜎𝑎𝑗 + 𝜓𝜎 . 𝜎𝑚𝑗

𝜏−1
𝑠𝜏𝑗 =
𝐾𝜏𝑑𝑗 . 𝜏𝑎𝑗 + 𝜓𝜏 . 𝜏𝑚𝑗

𝜎−1 = 0.436𝜎𝑏 = 261.6𝑀𝑃𝑎

For C45, 𝜎𝑏 = 600𝑀𝑃𝑎 =>{
𝜏−1 = 0.58𝜎−1 = 151.7𝑀𝑃𝑎

Table 4.4, 𝜓𝜎 , 𝜓𝜏
According to the table, 𝜓𝜎 = 0.05, 𝜓𝜏 = 0
Both shafts are rotational in one direction, then:

𝜎𝑚𝑗 = 0,

23
 𝑀𝑗
𝜎𝑎𝑗 =
𝑊𝑗
,
𝑇𝑗
𝜏𝑚𝑗 = 𝜏𝑎𝑗 =
2𝑊𝑜𝑗

For circular cross section shaft:

𝜋𝑑𝑗3
𝑊𝑗 =
32

𝜋𝑑𝑗3
𝑊𝑜𝑗 =
16

𝐾𝜎
𝐾𝜎𝑑𝑗 = ( + 𝐾𝑥 − 1)/𝐾𝑦
𝜀𝜎
𝐾𝜏
𝐾𝜏𝑑𝑗 = ( + 𝐾𝑥 − 1)/𝐾𝑦
{ 𝜀𝜏

Which:
𝐾𝑥 − stress concentration coefficient due to surface state, values as shown

Table 4.5. Value of 𝐾𝑥

According machining method, choose 𝐾𝑥 = 1.06
𝐾𝑦 − durability coefficient, 𝐾𝑦 = 1 as no durability increasing method required

24
 𝐾𝜎 𝐾𝜏
Table 4.6. and
𝜀𝜎 𝜀𝜏

𝐾𝜎 𝐾𝜏
Select value of and according to the table below, then subtitute to
𝜀𝜎 𝜀𝜏
compute 𝐾𝜎𝑑𝑗 , 𝐾𝜏𝑑𝑗 .
According to the force diagram drawn above, the follow table show calculation
of the critical points on 2 shafts:

Cross- Diameter 𝑲𝝈 𝑲𝝉 𝑲𝝈𝒅 𝑲𝝉𝒅 𝒔𝝈 𝒔𝝉 s

section (mm) 𝜺𝝈 𝜺𝝉
I-A 25 1.79 1.47 1.85 1.53 2.868 8.71 2.724
I-B 40 1.79 1.47 1.85 1.53 7.788 35.677 7.609
I-C 22 2.06 1.64 2.12 1.7 1.757 5.342 1.669
II-B 34 2.06 1.64 2,12 1.7 4.307 4.93 3.244

4.5 Static strength checking:

Cross-section Diameter 𝑴 𝑻 𝝈𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒕

𝝈= 𝝉=
(mm) 𝟎. 𝟏𝒅𝟑 𝟎. 𝟐𝒅𝟑 = √𝝈𝟐 + 𝟑𝝉𝟐
I-A 25 40.077 22.35 55.72
I-B 40 14.76 5.457 17.527
I-C 22 51.101 32.798 76.41
II-B 34 23.288 35.541 65.817

𝜎𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 = 150𝑀𝑃𝑎 for C45 with diameter = 25 ÷ 45 𝑚𝑚

25
=> [𝜎] = 0.8𝜎𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 = 120𝑀𝑃𝑎
=> As all the 𝜎𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 calculated in the table < [𝜎] => Suitable

26
CHAPTER 5: DESIGNING BEARING
*This chapter focuses only on calculation for a bearing that has the highest
applying load. Other bearings are selected the same designation with this one.
5.1. Force applying on bearing
𝐹𝑎

𝐹𝑟
Bearing I-B

According to calculation in Chapter 4:

Fa = 168.589𝑁
𝐹𝑟 = √𝑅𝐵𝑥 2 + 𝑅𝐵𝑦 2 = √3067.272 + 834.932 = 3178.876𝑁

5.2. Equivalent load Q

As low level load required and Fa /𝐹𝑟 < 0.3, Radial load carrying
bearing is chosen.

Equivalent load Q:
𝑄 = (𝑋𝑉𝐹𝑟 + 𝑌𝐹𝑎 ) 𝑘𝜎 . 𝑘𝑡
Which:
𝑉 − coefficient relatives to the rotating circle. Select 𝑉 = 1 for the inner
𝑘𝑡 − coefficient relatives to temperature. 𝑘𝑡 = 1 for temperature ≤ 105 ℃
𝑘𝜎 − coefficient relatives to load characteristic. 𝑘𝜎 = 1 for static load, low power
gearbox
𝑋 − coefficient relatives to radial load
𝑌 − coefficient relatives to axial load

Table 5.1. Types of bearing and their parameters

27
 As selected in Chapter 4, bearing I-B has diameter 𝑑 = 40mm, then choose
bearing 408 for calculation.

Table 5.2. Value of X, Y

𝐹𝑎 168.589
= ≈ 0.005
𝐶𝑜 37 𝑥 103
 Select 𝑒 = 0.19

𝐹𝑎 168.589
= = 0.053 < 𝑒
𝑉𝐹𝑟 1 𝑥 3178.876
 𝑋 = 1, 𝑌 = 0
Then,

𝑄 = (𝑋𝑉𝐹𝑟 + 𝑌𝐹𝑎 ) 𝑘𝜎 . 𝑘𝑡 = 3178.876𝑁 ≈ 3.179𝑘𝑁

5.3. Dynamic load factor 𝑪𝒕𝒕

Initial requirement:
𝑛 = 1460 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝐿 = 6 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠, 300 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠/𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟, 2 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡𝑠/𝑑𝑎𝑦, 8 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠/𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡
 𝐿ℎ = 6 𝑥 300 𝑥 2 𝑥 8 = 28800 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
Bearing life in millions of revolutions:

60𝑛𝐿ℎ 60 𝑥 1460 𝑥 28800

𝐿= = = 2522.88
106 106

Dynamic load factor:

𝑚 3
Ctt = 𝑄 √𝐿 = 3.179 𝑥 √2522.88 = 43.277𝑘𝑁 < 𝐶 = 50.3𝑘𝑁 => Suitable

28
REFERENCES
1. Machine Elements lectures posted on [Link]
2. Nguyễn Hữu Lộc, Thiết kế máy và Chi tiết máy, 2020
3. Trịnh Chất- Lê Văn Uyển, Tính toán thiết kế hệ dẫn động cơ khí, 2006
4. Bản tra giới hạn chảy của thép mới nhất 2024, Địa chỉ truy cập:
[Link]

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