Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
Schools Division of Cabanatuan City
CABANATUAN CITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
CHAPTER REVIEW
How can Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) help plants cope with
environmental stress? It powers stress responses, like repairing
heat-damaged proteins.
During fishing activities, fishermen exert energy while rowing their
boats in coastal areas. How does this explain the contribution of ATP
in sustaining this physical activity? It breaks into ADP and
phosphate, releasing energy for muscle contractions.
How does ATP support the increased energy demands of hikers? ATP
releases energy when its bonds are broken, providing fuel for
muscle contractions and other cellular activities.
How would the increase in ATP availability affect a person’s
endurance during a labor-intensive activity? More ATP would boost
his endurance by sustaining muscle contractions longer.
If a dancer’s ATP level decreases significantly, which of the following
explains the consequence on their performance? The dancer will
experience muscle fatigue, as ATP is essential for sustaining muscle
contractions.
If one person’s ATP regeneration is slower than the others, how
would that impact their contribution? It would reduce their ability to
lift and carry objects, causing quicker fatigue.
What does a change in leaf color suggest about the chlorophyll
levels in the mango leaves? It suggests chlorophyll is breaking
down, lowering the leaf’s photosynthesis efficiency.
How chlorophyll contributes to the green color of Pandan leaves?
Chlorophyll reflects green light, making the leaves appear green,
while it absorbs other colors for photosynthesis.
Address : Emilio Vergara Highway, Sta. Arcadia, Cabanatuan City
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Telephone No. : (044) 950 – 1482
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
Schools Division of Cabanatuan City
CABANATUAN CITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
How does the difference in chlorophyll concentration affect which
crop does better in low light? Darker leaves indicate higher
chlorophyll, better for capturing light in low-light conditions.
What role do other pigments play as chlorophyll breaks down?
Yellow pigments like carotenoids appear as leaves shift to a
protective role.
During the light reactions of photosynthesis, where does the initial
electron come from? Water molecules (H2O)
In the light reactions of photosynthesis, electrons move from
photosystem II to photosystem I. What is the significance of
electrons moving from photosystem II to photosystem I during the
light reactions? The movement helps to create a proton gradient
used to produce ATP.
Why is NADP⁺ (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
essential in the electron flow during the light reactions of
photosynthesis? NADP⁺ serves as the final electron acceptor,
forming NADPH, which is used in the Calvin cycle.
A student noticed that when photosystem II is blocked, the amount
of ATP produced drops a lot. What does this tell you about what
photosystem II does in making ATP during the light reactions?
Photosystem II initiates electron flow, creating conditions to produce
ATP.
If a problem happens that stops NADP+ from accepting electrons at
the end of the electron flow, what will likely happen to the light
reactions? NADPH production would be affected, disrupting the
plant's process of converting carbon dioxide into sugar.
If researchers discover that a particular plant species has a higher
concentration of proteins in the electron transport chain, how would
you evaluate the potential impact on its photosynthetic efficiency?
The number of proteins in the electron transport chain does not
affect the plant's photosynthetic rate.
Address : Emilio Vergara Highway, Sta. Arcadia, Cabanatuan City
Email Address : 305633@[Link]
Telephone No. : (044) 950 – 1482
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
Schools Division of Cabanatuan City
CABANATUAN CITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
The Calvin cycle is the second stage in photosynthesis. What is the
primary function of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis? To convert
carbon dioxide into glucose.
During the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis, which molecule is initially
fixed into a 3-carbon compound, ultimately contributing to glucose
production? Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
What is the product formed at the end of the Calvin cycle that can
be used to make glucose? G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)
If the enzyme Rubisco is inhibited, which step of the Calvin cycle
would be directly affected, and what would be the impact on the
overall process? Carbon fixation disruption would reduce the
production of 3-carbon compounds.
How does the regeneration of RuBP help maintain the continuity of
the Calvin cycle, and what might happen if this step fails? RuBP
regeneration allows the cycle to continue fixing carbon dioxide;
without it, the cycle would stop.
If you observe that a plant in a nutrient-poor environment shows
slowed growth, what is the role of the Calvin cycle in this situation?
The efficiency is compromised due to a lack of nutrients needed for
energy production.
A basketball player feels tired after several minutes of intense
running during a game. Which type of respiration is his body
primarily using to quickly produce energy when oxygen levels are
low? Anaerobic respiration, which allows quick energy production
without needing oxygen.
A baker notices that his pandesal dough rises faster in a warm
environment. How does this relate to the type of respiration
occurring in the yeast cells? The yeast performs anaerobic
respiration, producing carbon dioxide that makes the dough rise.
During a 100-meter sprint, a runner experiences muscle fatigue.
What type of respiration is most likely dominant during this activity?
Address : Emilio Vergara Highway, Sta. Arcadia, Cabanatuan City
Email Address : 305633@[Link]
Telephone No. : (044) 950 – 1482
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
Schools Division of Cabanatuan City
CABANATUAN CITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Anaerobic respiration occurs when intense activity prevents enough
oxygen supply to meet energy demands.
A cyclist maintains a steady pace for an hour-long ride. Which type
of respiration is likely to sustain their energy levels? Aerobic
respiration occurs when the body has enough oxygen for sustained
energy production.
During a long-distance race, a runner's body relies on stored
energy. Which stage of cellular respiration provides the highest yield
of ATP, essential for maintaining the runner's stamina over time?
Generates the most ATP by using NADH and FADH₂.
Cellular respiration is the breaking down of glucose using oxygen to
produce energy in cells. In which part of cellular respiration are
NADH and FADH2 used to transfer electrons to create a proton
gradient? Electron transport system
Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration. What is the main
purpose of glycolysis in the process of cellular respiration? To pump
protons across the mitochondrial membrane.
Describe the function of the Krebs cycle? It directly produces a large
amount of ATP for cellular activities.
During a sprint, Anna's muscles begin to burn due to a buildup of
lactic acid, indicating that oxygen is not being supplied quickly
enough. Which part of cellular respiration is still occurring under
these conditions? Glycolysis because it can proceed anaerobically
and produces pyruvate.
While hiking up a mountain, the oxygen level in the air is lower than
normal. Which stage of cellular respiration is most directly affected
by the lower oxygen levels? The electron transport system relies on
oxygen to accept electrons.
After playing basketball under the hot sun, Mark feels fatigued and
notices his muscles are sore. Which process in his body is likely
consuming more ATP due to the physical activity? Muscle
Address : Emilio Vergara Highway, Sta. Arcadia, Cabanatuan City
Email Address : 305633@[Link]
Telephone No. : (044) 950 – 1482
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
Schools Division of Cabanatuan City
CABANATUAN CITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
contraction, which requires ATP to facilitate the movement of
muscle fibers.
What is the reaction when the body is relying on to produce ATP
under these fasting conditions? The breakdown of stored glycogen
through glycolysis.
How would you assess the role of ATP during a muscle movement?
The ATP from cellular respiration is quickly used to power the
muscle fibers' repeated contractions during work.
How does consuming food help restore ATP levels in the brain?
Eating provides glucose, which undergoes glycolysis to produce ATP
needed for brain activity.
In the absence of oxygen, which process regenerates NAD+ for
glycolysis? Fermentation
What happens to the electrons in the electron transport chain when
oxygen is present? They are transferred to oxygen, forming water as
a byproduct.
During fermentation, what role does pyruvate play in the absence of
oxygen? It is converted into lactic acid or ethanol to regenerate
NAD+.
If oxygen is not present, which change in metabolic pathways would
be most expected? Yeast cells shift from aerobic respiration to
alcoholic fermentation, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide.
What analysis best explains the physiological process occurring in
the absence of sufficient oxygen? Cells switch to anaerobic
respiration, converting glucose to lactic acid for temporary ATP
production.
What benefits can be derived from aerobic respiration? Aerobic
respiration produces more energy, which helps the bacteria grow
faster.
Address : Emilio Vergara Highway, Sta. Arcadia, Cabanatuan City
Email Address : 305633@[Link]
Telephone No. : (044) 950 – 1482
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
Schools Division of Cabanatuan City
CABANATUAN CITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
A local brewery uses fermentation to make beer, but sometimes the
alcohol content is not consistent. How can knowing the pros and
cons of fermentation help the brewery fix this problem? Controlling
temperature and sugar levels can help the brewery achieve more
consistent alcohol levels.
What can we conclude about using fermentation versus aerobic
respiration? Fermentation works without oxygen and provides quick
energy, but it is less efficient than aerobic respiration.
Address : Emilio Vergara Highway, Sta. Arcadia, Cabanatuan City
Email Address : 305633@[Link]
Telephone No. : (044) 950 – 1482