BUILD BRIGHT UNIVERSITY Subject: Foundation Design

Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Lecturer's Name: No Sinath

Bachelor Degree of Civil Engineering Student's Name: Ourm Sovannreach
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

Homework Chapter 8

a. Find the vertical stress increase Δσ at a depth of 0.5b the point O

Below point O

3P (8.1)
Δσ ＝ ――――――
5
―
2
⎛ ⎛ r ⎞2 ⎞
2 πz 2 ⎜1 + ⎜― ⎟ ⎟
⎝ ⎝z⎠ ⎠

r ＝ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
x2 + y2

b b b
x＝― y＝― z＝―
2 2 2

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ b ⎞2 ⎛ b ⎞2
Thus, r ＝ ⎜― ⎟ + ⎜― ⎟
⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠

‾‾‾
b2
r＝ ―
2

3P
Δσ ＝ ――――――
5
―
2
⎛ ⎛ r ⎞2 ⎞
2 πz 2 ⎜1 + ⎜― ⎟ ⎟
⎝ ⎝z⎠ ⎠

3P
Δσ ＝ ――――――――
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5
―
Principles of Foundation Engineering 2
⎛ 2⎞ Page 1
Ninth Edition By Braja [Link] ⎛ ‾‾‾
b 2 ⎞
2 ⎜ ⎜ ―⎟ ⎟
⎛b⎞ ⎜ 2 ⎟
2 π ― 1 + ⎜――⎟
 BUILD BRIGHT UNIVERSITY Subject: Foundation Design
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Lecturer's Name: No Sinath
Bachelor Degree of Civil Engineering Student's Name: Ourm Sovannreach
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
3P
Δσ ＝ ――――――――
5
―
2
⎛ ⎛ ‾‾‾ 2⎞
⎜ b2 ⎞ ⎟
2 ⎜ ―⎟
⎛b⎞ ⎜ ⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎟
2 π ⎜―⎟ ⎜1 + ⎜――⎟ ⎟
⎝2⎠ ⎜ b
⎜ ―⎟ ⎟
⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎠
3P
Δσ ＝ ――――――
5
―
2
⎛ b ⎞ 2

2⎜ ―⎟
b 2 ⎟
π ― ⎜1 + ――
2 ⎜ b2 ⎟
⎜ ― ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠
P
Δσ ＝ 0.119 ⋅ ―
b2
Below point A

r ＝ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
x2 + y2

x＝0 y＝0 z ＝ 0.5 b

Thus, r ＝ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
(0) 2 + (0) 2

r＝0

3P
Δσ ＝ ――――――
5
―
2
⎛ ⎛ r ⎞2 ⎞
2 πz 2 ⎜1 + ⎜― ⎟ ⎟
⎝ ⎝z⎠ ⎠
3P
Δσ ＝ ――――――――
5
―
2 2
2 π (0.5 b) ⎛⎝1 + (0) 2 ⎞⎠

3P
Δσ ＝ ―――
1.571 b 2

P
Δσ ＝ 1.986 ⋅ ―
b2

b. Determine Δσ if P ≔ 500 kN , b ≔ 5 m
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Principles of Foundation Engineering
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 BUILD BRIGHT UNIVERSITY Subject: Foundation Design
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Lecturer's Name: No Sinath
Bachelor Degree of Civil Engineering Student's Name: Ourm Sovannreach
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

b. Determine Δσ if P ≔ 500 kN , b ≔ 5 m

Below point O

P kN
Δσ ≔ 0.119 ⋅ ― = 2.38 ――
2
b m2

Below point A

P kN
Δσ ≔ 1.986 ⋅ ― = 39.72 ――
2
b m2

Given: P ≔ 500 kN z1 ≔ 2 m z2 ≔ 3 m z3 ≔ 4 m

r≔0 m (Directly Below the Load Axis)

3P kN
Δσ1 ≔ ――――――― = 59.68 ――
5
― m2
2
⎛ ⎛ r ⎞2 ⎞
2 π ⋅ z1 2 ⎜1 + ⎜―⎟ ⎟
⎝ ⎝ z1 ⎠ ⎠

3P kN
Δσ2 ≔ ――――――― = 26.53 ――
5
― m2
2
⎛ ⎛ r ⎞2 ⎞
2 π ⋅ z2 2 ⎜1 + ⎜―⎟ ⎟
⎝ ⎝ z2 ⎠ ⎠

3P kN
Δσ3 ≔ ――――――― = 14.92 ――
5
― m2
2
⎛ ⎛ r ⎞2 ⎞
2 π ⋅ z3 2 ⎜1 + ⎜―⎟ ⎟
⎝ ⎝ z3 ⎠ ⎠

⎡ Δσ1 ⎤ ⎡ 59.68 ⎤
⎢ Δσ ⎥ = ⎢ 26.53 ⎥ kN
⎢ 2⎥ ⎢ ――
⎥ m2
Δσ
⎣ 3⎦ ⎣ 14.92 ⎦

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Principles of Foundation Engineering
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 BUILD BRIGHT UNIVERSITY Subject: Foundation Design
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Lecturer's Name: No Sinath
Bachelor Degree of Civil Engineering Student's Name: Ourm Sovannreach
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

P ≔ 1000 kN

Assume Different values of Depth z1 ≔ 1 m , z2 ≔ 2 m , z3 ≔ 3 m

Consider that the horizontal distance r1 ≔ 1 m , r2 ≔ 2 m , r3 ≔ 4 m

3P kN
Δσ1 ≔ ――――――― = 84.4 ――
5
― m2
2
⎛ ⎛ r1 ⎞ 2 ⎞
2 π ⋅ z1 2 ⎜1 + ⎜― ⎟ ⎟
⎜⎝ ⎝ z1 ⎠ ⎟⎠
3P kN
Δσ2 ≔ ――――――― = 21.1 ――
5
― m2
2
⎛ ⎛ r2 ⎞ 2 ⎞
2 π ⋅ z2 2 ⎜1 + ⎜― ⎟ ⎟
⎜⎝ ⎝ z2 ⎠ ⎟⎠
3P kN
Δσ3 ≔ ――――――― = 4.13 ――
5
― m2
2
⎛ ⎛ r3 ⎞ 2 ⎞
2 π ⋅ z3 2 ⎜1 + ⎜― ⎟ ⎟
⎜⎝ ⎝ z3 ⎠ ⎟⎠

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Principles of Foundation Engineering
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 BUILD BRIGHT UNIVERSITY Subject: Foundation Design
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Lecturer's Name: No Sinath
Bachelor Degree of Civil Engineering Student's Name: Ourm Sovannreach
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

a. Plot the variation of the vertical stress increase beneath the center with depth z=0 to 6m

kN
Given B≔3 m P ≔ 60 ―― r≔0 m
m2
For z1 ≔ 0 m
z1 r
From Table: 8.1 ―= 0 ―= 0
B B
― ―
2 2

Δσ1 kN
―― ＝1 Thus, Δσ1 ≔ 1 ⋅ P = 60 ――
qo m2

For z2 ≔ 1 m
z2 r
From Table: 8.1 ―= 0.67 ―= 0
B B
― ―
2 2

Δσ2 kN
―― ＝ 0.811 Thus, Δσ2 ≔ 0.811 ⋅ P = 48.66 ――
qo m2
For z3 ≔ 2 m
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Principles of Foundation Engineering
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Ninth Edition By Braja [Link]
 BUILD BRIGHT UNIVERSITY Subject: Foundation Design
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Lecturer's Name: No Sinath
Δσ
Bachelor2 ＝
Degree of Civil Engineering kN Student's Name: Ourm Sovannreach
――0.811 Δσ2 ≔ 0.811 ⋅ P = 48.66 ――
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
2
qo m
For z3 ≔ 2 m
z3 r
From Table: 8.1 z≔― = 1.33 ―= 0
B B
― ―
2 2

⎡ 1.2 ⎤ ⎡ 0.546 ⎤
z≔⎢ r≔⎢
⎣ 1.5 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 0.424 ⎥⎦

Torque (x) ≔ linterp (z , r , x)

Torque (1.33) = 0.49

Δσ2 kN
―― ＝ 0.49 Thus, Δσ3 ≔ 0.49 ⋅ P = 29.4 ――
qo m2

For z4 ≔ 3 m
z4
From Table: 8.1 z≔― =2
B
―
2

Δσ2 kN
―― ＝ 0.286 Thus, Δσ4 ≔ 0.286 ⋅ P = 17.16 ――
qo m2

For z5 ≔ 4 m
z5
From Table: 8.1 z≔― = 2.67
B
―
2
⎡ 2.5 ⎤ ⎡ 0.2 ⎤
z≔⎢ r≔⎢
⎣ 3 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 0.146 ⎥⎦

Torque (x) ≔ linterp (z , r , x)

Torque (2.67) = 0.18

Δσ2 kN
―― ＝ 0.18 Thus, Δσ5 ≔ 0.18 ⋅ P = 10.8 ――
qo m2

For z6 ≔ 5 m
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Principles of Foundation Engineering
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 BUILD BRIGHT UNIVERSITY Subject: Foundation Design
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Lecturer's Name: No Sinath
Bachelor Degree of Civil Engineering Student's Name: Ourm Sovannreach
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

For z6 ≔ 5 m
z6
From Table: 8.1 z≔― = 3.33
B
―
2
⎡3⎤ ⎡ 0.146 ⎤
z≔⎢ ⎥ r≔⎢
⎣4⎦ ⎣ 0.087 ⎥⎦

Torque (x) ≔ linterp (z , r , x)

Torque (3.33) = 0.13

Δσ2 kN
―― ＝ 0.13 Thus, Δσ6 ≔ 0.13 ⋅ P = 7.8 ――
qo m2
For z7 ≔ 6 m
z7
From Table: 8.1 ―= 4
B
―
2
Δσ2 kN
―― ＝ 0.087 Thus, Δσ7 ≔ 0.087 ⋅ P = 5.22 ――
qo m2

⎡ z1 ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ Δσ1 ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
⎢z ⎥ ⎢0⎥ ⎢ Δσ ⎥ ⎢ 60 ⎥
⎢ 2⎥ ⎢1⎥ ⎢ 2 ⎥ ⎢ 48.66 ⎥
⎢ z3 ⎥ ⎢ 2 ⎥ ⎢ Δσ3 ⎥ ⎢ 29.4 ⎥
⎢ z4 ⎥ = ⎢ 3 ⎥ m kN
⎢ Δσ4 ⎥ = ⎢ 17.16 ⎥ ――
⎢ ⎥ ⎢4⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 10.8 ⎥ m 2
z Δσ5
⎢ 5⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ z6 ⎥ ⎢ 5 ⎥ ⎢ Δσ6 ⎥ ⎢ 7.8 ⎥
⎢⎣ z7 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 6 ⎦ ⎢⎣ Δσ7 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 5.22 ⎦

b. In the same plot, show the variation beneath the edge of the loaded area
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Principles of Foundation Engineering
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Ninth Edition By Braja [Link]
 BUILD BRIGHT UNIVERSITY Subject: Foundation Design
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Lecturer's Name: No Sinath
Bachelor Degree of Civil Engineering Student's Name: Ourm Sovannreach
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

b. In the same plot, show the variation beneath the edge of the loaded area

kN B2 B
Given B≔3 m P ≔ 60 ―― qo ≔ P ⋅ π ⋅ ―― = 424.12 kN r ≔ ―= 1.5 m
m2 4 2
For z1 ≔ 0 m
z1 r
From Table: 8.1 ―= 0 ―= 1
B B
― ―
2 2

Δσ1 1 kN
―― ＝1 Thus, Δσ1 ≔ 1 ⋅ ―― ⋅ qo = 424.12 ――
2
qo m m2

For z2 ≔ 1 m
z2 r
From Table: 8.1 ―= 0.67 ―= 1
B B
― ―
2 2

Δσ2 1 kN
―― ＝ 0.367 Thus, Δσ2 ≔ 0.367 ⋅ ―― ⋅ qo = 155.65 ――
2
qo m m2
For z3 ≔ 2 m
z3 r
From Table: 8.1 z≔― = 1.33 ―= 1
B B
― ―
2 2

⎡ 1.2 ⎤ ⎡ 0.300 ⎤
z≔⎢ r≔⎢
⎣ 1.5 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 0.256 ⎥⎦

Torque (x) ≔ linterp (z , r , x)

Torque (1.33) = 0.28

Δσ2 1 kN
―― ＝ 0.28 Thus, Δσ3 ≔ 0.28 ⋅ ―― ⋅ qo = 118.75 ――
2
qo m m2

For z4 ≔ 3 m
z4
From Table: 8.1 z≔― =2
B
―
2

Δσ2 1 kN
―― ＝ 0.196 Thus, Δσ4 ≔ 0.196 ⋅ ―― ⋅ qo = 83.13 ――
2
qo m m2
For z5 ≔ 4 m
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Principles of Foundation Engineering
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 BUILD BRIGHT UNIVERSITY Subject: Foundation Design
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Lecturer's Name: No Sinath
Δσ
Bachelor Degree2 of Civil Engineering 1 kN Student's Name: Ourm Sovannreach
―― ＝ 0.196 Δσ4 ≔ 0.196 ⋅ ―― ⋅ qo = 83.13 ――
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
2 2
qo m m
For z5 ≔ 4 m
z5
From Table: 8.1 z≔― = 2.67
B
―
2
⎡ 2.5 ⎤ ⎡ 0.151 ⎤
z≔⎢ r≔⎢
⎣ 3 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 0.118 ⎥⎦

Torque (x) ≔ linterp (z , r , x)

Torque (2.67) = 0.14

Δσ2 1 kN
―― ＝ 0.14 Thus, Δσ5 ≔ 0.14 ⋅ ―― ⋅ qo = 59.38 ――
2
qo m m2
For z6 ≔ 5 m
z6
From Table: 8.1 z≔― = 3.33
B
―
2
⎡3⎤ ⎡ 0.118 ⎤
z≔⎢ ⎥ r≔⎢
⎣4⎦ ⎣ 0.075 ⎥⎦

Torque (x) ≔ linterp (z , r , x)

Torque (3.33) = 0.1

Δσ2 1 kN
―― ＝ 0.1 Thus, Δσ6 ≔ 0.1 ⋅ ―― ⋅ qo = 42.41 ――
2
qo m m2
For z7 ≔ 6 m
z7
From Table: 8.1 ―= 4
B
―
2
Δσ2 1 kN
―― ＝ 0.075 Thus, Δσ7 ≔ 0.075 ⋅ ―― ⋅ qo = 31.81 ――
2
qo m m2

⎡ z1 ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ Δσ1 ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
⎢z ⎥ ⎢0⎥ ⎢ Δσ ⎥ ⎢ 424.12 ⎥
⎢ 2⎥ ⎢1⎥ ⎢ 2 ⎥ ⎢ 155.65
⎥
⎢ z3 ⎥ ⎢ 2 ⎥ ⎢ Δσ3 ⎥ ⎢ 118.75 ⎥
⎢ z4 ⎥ = ⎢ 3 ⎥ m kN
⎢ Δσ4 ⎥ = ⎢ 83.13 ⎥ ――
⎢ ⎥ ⎢4⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 59.38 ⎥ m 2
z Δσ
⎢ 5⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 5⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ z6 ⎥ ⎢ 5 ⎥ ⎢ Δσ6 ⎥ ⎢ 42.41 ⎥
⎢⎣ z7 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 6 ⎦ ⎢⎣ Δσ7 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 31.81 ⎦

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 ⎢ 3⎥ ⎢2⎥ ⎢ 3 ⎥ ⎢ 118.75 ⎥
⎢ z4 ⎥ = ⎢ 3 ⎥ m kN
⎢ Δσ4 ⎥ = ⎢ 83.13 ⎥ ――
BUILD BRIGHT UNIVERSITY ⎢ ⎥ ⎢4⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 59.38 ⎥ m 2 Subject: Foundation Design
z5 Δσ5
⎢ ⎥
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ Lecturer's Name: No Sinath
⎢ z6 ⎥ ⎢ 5 ⎥ ⎢ Δσ6 ⎥ ⎢ 42.41 ⎥
Bachelor Degree of Civil Engineering⎣ 6 ⎦ Student's Name: Ourm Sovannreach
⎢⎣ z7 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ Δσ7 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 31.81 ⎦
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

B
So: z ≔ 0.75 m r ≔ ―= 1.5 m
2
For r1 ≔ 0 m

z r1
From Table: 8.1 ―= 0.5 ―= 0
B B
― ―
2 2

Δσ1 kN
―― ＝ 0.911 Thus, Δσ1 ≔ 0.911 ⋅ P = 54.66 ――
qo m2

For r2 ≔ 0.3 m

z r2
From Table: 8.1 ―= 0.5 ―= 0.2
B B
― ―
2 2

Δσ1 kN
―― ＝ 0.902 Thus, Δσ2 ≔ 0.902 ⋅ P = 54.12 ――
qo m2

For r3 ≔ 0.6 m
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Principles of Foundation Engineering
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Ninth Edition By Braja [Link]
 BUILD BRIGHT UNIVERSITY Subject: Foundation Design
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Lecturer's Name: No Sinath
Bachelor Degree of Civil Engineering Student's Name: Ourm Sovannreach
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

For r3 ≔ 0.6 m

z r3
From Table: 8.1 ―= 0.5 ―= 0.4
B B
― ―
2 2

Δσ1 kN
―― ＝ 0.869 Thus, Δσ3 ≔ 0.869 ⋅ P = 52.14 ――
qo m2

For r4 ≔ 0.9 m

z r4
From Table: 8.1 ―= 0.5 ―= 0.6
B B
― ―
2 2

Δσ1 kN
―― ＝ 0.796 Thus, Δσ4 ≔ 0.796 ⋅ P = 47.76 ――
qo m2

For r5 ≔ 1.2 m

z r5
From Table: 8.1 ―= 0.5 ―= 0.8
B B
― ―
2 2

Δσ1 kN
―― ＝ 0.646 Thus, Δσ5 ≔ 0.646 ⋅ P = 38.76 ――
qo m2

For r6 ≔ 1.5 m

z r6
From Table: 8.1 ―= 0.5 ―= 1
B B
― ―
2 2

Δσ1 kN
―― ＝ 0.417 Thus, Δσ6 ≔ 0.417 ⋅ P = 25.02 ――
qo m2

⎡ r1 ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ Δσ1 ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
⎢r ⎥ ⎢0 ⎥ ⎢ Δσ ⎥ ⎢ 54.66 ⎥
2
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 0.3 ⎢ 2 ⎥ ⎢ 54.12
⎥ ⎥
⎢ r3 ⎥ = ⎢ 0.6 ⎥ m ⎢ Δσ3 ⎥ = ⎢ 52.14 ⎥ kN
⎢ r4 ⎥ ⎢ 0.9 ⎥ ⎢ Δσ4 ⎥ ⎢ 47.76 ⎥ ――m2
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 1.2 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 38.76 ⎥
r Δσ
⎢ 5⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 5⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ r ⎦ ⎣ 1.5 ⎦
6 ⎣ Δσ ⎦ ⎣ 25.02 ⎦
6

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Principles of Foundation Engineering
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 BUILD BRIGHT UNIVERSITY Subject: Foundation Design
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Lecturer's Name: No Sinath
Bachelor Degree of Civil Engineering Student's Name: Ourm Sovannreach
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

kN kN
Given: q1 ≔ 30 ―― q2 ≔ 40 ―― z≔3 m x1 ≔ 6 m x2 ≔ 3 m
m m
Vertical Stress Increase at A due to line load q1
2 q1 ⋅ z 3 kN
Δσ1 ≔ ――――― = 0.2546 ――
2
m2
π ⋅ ⎛⎝x1 2 + z 2 ⎞⎠

Vertical Stress Increase at A due to line load q2

2 q2 ⋅ z 3 kN
Δσ2 ≔ ――――― = 2.1221 ――
2
m2
π ⋅ ⎛⎝x2 2 + z 2 ⎞⎠

Total Vertical Stress Increase at A due to line load q1 and q2

kN
Δσ ≔ Δσ1 + Δσ2 = 2.3767 ――
m2

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Principles of Foundation Engineering
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 BUILD BRIGHT UNIVERSITY Subject: Foundation Design
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Lecturer's Name: No Sinath
Bachelor Degree of Civil Engineering Student's Name: Ourm Sovannreach
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

kN
Given: qo ≔ 40 ―― B≔3 m z≔1 m
m2

xA ≔ 2 m xB ≔ 1.5 m xC ≔ 0.5 m

Find the vertical stress increase at point A, B, C

- Point A
2 ⋅ xA 2⋅z
Now compare with Table 8.3. For this case, ―― ＝ 1.3 and ―― ＝ 0.6
B B

kN
ΔσA ≔ qo ⋅ 0.222 = 8.88 ――
m2
- Point B

- Point B
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Principles of Foundation Engineering
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 BUILD BRIGHT UNIVERSITY Subject: Foundation Design
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Lecturer's Name: No Sinath
Bachelor Degree of Civil Engineering Student's Name: Ourm Sovannreach
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

- Point B
2 ⋅ xB 2⋅z
From Table 8.3. For this case , ―― = 1 , ―― ＝ 0.6
B B

kN
ΔσB ≔ qo ⋅ 0.495 = 19.8 ――
m2
- Point C
2 ⋅ xC 2⋅z
From Table 8.3. For this case , ―― = 0.3 , ―― ＝ 0.6
B B

kN
ΔσC ≔ qo ⋅ 0.915 = 36.6 ――
m2

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Principles of Foundation Engineering
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 BUILD BRIGHT UNIVERSITY Subject: Foundation Design
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Lecturer's Name: No Sinath
Bachelor Degree of Civil Engineering Student's Name: Ourm Sovannreach
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

kN
Given: B≔8 m L ≔ 16 m qo ≔ 80 ――
m2
z≔4 m P ≔ qo ⋅ (8 m ⋅ 16 m) = 10240 kN

Find the vertical stress increase Δσ at 4m below A, B, C, D

Refer to Figure 8.8 .For this case,

B L
AD ＝ BC ＝ ―＝ 4 m AB ＝ DC ＝ ― ＝8 m
2 2

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ 8 ⎞ 2 ⎛ 16 ⎞ 2
z≔4 m r≔ ⎜― ⎟ + ⎜―⎟ = 8.94
⎝2⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠

3⋅P
Δσ ＝ ―――――――
5
―
2
⎛ ⎛ r ⎞2 ⎞
2 ⋅ π ⋅ z 2 ⋅ ⎜1 + ⎜― ⎟ ⎟
⎝ ⎝z⎠ ⎠

At point A , r = 8.94

3⋅P 3 ⋅ 10240
Δσ ＝ ―――――――＝ ――――――――
5 5
― ―
2 2
⎛ ⎛ r ⎞2 ⎞ ⎛ ⎛ 8.944 ⎞ 2 ⎞
2 ⋅ π ⋅ z 2 ⋅ ⎜1 + ⎜― ⎟ ⎟ 2 ⋅ π ⋅ 4 2 ⋅ ⎜1 + ⎜――⎟ ⎟
⎝ ⎝z⎠ ⎠ ⎝ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎠
kN
ΔσA ＝ 3.466 ――
m2

At point B , r ≔ 4 m
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Principles of Foundation Engineering
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 BUILD BRIGHT UNIVERSITY Subject: Foundation Design
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Lecturer's Name: No Sinath
Bachelor Degree of Civil Engineering Student's Name: Ourm Sovannreach
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

At point B , r ≔ 4 m

3⋅P 3 ⋅ 10240
Δσ ＝ ―――――――＝ ―――――――
5 5
― ―
2 2
⎛ ⎛ r ⎞2 ⎞ ⎛ ⎛ 4 ⎞2 ⎞
2 ⋅ π ⋅ z 2 ⋅ ⎜1 + ⎜― ⎟ ⎟ 2 ⋅ π ⋅ 4 2 ⋅ ⎜1 + ⎜― ⎟ ⎟
⎝ ⎝z⎠ ⎠ ⎝ ⎝4⎠ ⎠
kN
ΔσB ＝ 54.019 ――
m2
At point C

3⋅P 3 ⋅ 10240
Δσ ＝ ―――――――＝ ―――――――
5 5
― ―
2 2
⎛ ⎛ r ⎞2 ⎞ ⎛ ⎛ 0 ⎞2 ⎞
2 ⋅ π ⋅ z 2 ⋅ ⎜1 + ⎜― ⎟ ⎟ 2 π ⋅ 4 2 ⋅ ⎜1 + ⎜― ⎟ ⎟
⎝ ⎝z⎠ ⎠ ⎝ ⎝4⎠ ⎠

kN
ΔσC ＝ 305.577 ――
m2
At point D

3⋅P 3 ⋅ 10240
Δσ ＝ ―――――――＝ ―――――――
5 5
― ―
2 2
⎛ ⎛ r ⎞2 ⎞ ⎛ ⎛ 8 ⎞2 ⎞
2 ⋅ π ⋅ z 2 ⋅ ⎜1 + ⎜― ⎟ ⎟ 2 ⋅ π ⋅ 4 2 ⋅ ⎜1 + ⎜― ⎟ ⎟
⎝ ⎝z⎠ ⎠ ⎝ ⎝4⎠ ⎠
kN
ΔσD ＝ 5.466 ――
m2

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Principles of Foundation Engineering
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 BUILD BRIGHT UNIVERSITY Subject: Foundation Design
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Lecturer's Name: No Sinath
Bachelor Degree of Civil Engineering Student's Name: Ourm Sovannreach
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

kN z≔4 m H≔4 m
Given: qo ≔ 60 ――
m2

Find the vertical stress increase at 4m below A B C

DE ≔ 6 m EA ≔ 4 m

AJ ≔ 8 m AF ≔ 8 m

For Point A
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Principles of Foundation Engineering
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 BUILD BRIGHT UNIVERSITY Subject: Foundation Design
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Lecturer's Name: No Sinath
Bachelor Degree of Civil Engineering Student's Name: Ourm Sovannreach
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

For Point A

EA
――
2
m2 ≔ ―― = 0.5
H

DE
――
2
n2 ≔ ―― = 0.75
H

Thus,

I ≔ 0.192

kN
Δσ1 ≔ qo ⋅ I = 11.52 ――
m2
DE
――
2
m2 ≔ ―― = 0.75
H

AJ
―
2
n2 ≔ ―― =1
H

Thus,

I ≔ 0.2185

kN
Δσ2 ≔ qo ⋅ I = 13.11 ――
m2

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Principles of Foundation Engineering
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 BUILD BRIGHT UNIVERSITY Subject: Foundation Design
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Lecturer's Name: No Sinath
Bachelor Degree of Civil Engineering Student's Name: Ourm Sovannreach
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

AJ
―
2
m2 ≔ ―― =1
H

AF
――
2
n2 ≔ ―― =1
H

Thus,

I ≔ 0.2295

kN
Δσ3 ≔ qo ⋅ I = 13.77 ――
m2

The additional Stress at 4m depth under point A due to qo is

kN
ΔσA ≔ Δσ1 + Δσ2 + Δσ3 = 38.4 ――
m2

For Point B

DE
――
2
m2 ≔ ―― = 0.75
H

AJ
―
2
n2 ≔ ―― =1
H

Thus,

I ≔ 0.219

kN
The additional Stress at 4m depth under point B due to qo is ΔσB ≔ qo ⋅ I = 13.14 ――
m2

For Point C
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Principles of Foundation Engineering
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Ninth Edition By Braja [Link]
 BUILD BRIGHT UNIVERSITY Subject: Foundation Design
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Lecturer's Name: No Sinath
Bachelor Degree of Civil Engineering Student's Name: Ourm Sovannreach
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

For Point C

AF
――
2
m2 ≔ ―― =1
H

AJ
―
2
n2 ≔ ―― =1
H

Thus,

I ≔ 0.23

kN
The additional Stress at 4m depth under point C due to qo is ΔσC ≔ qo ⋅ I = 13.8 ――
m2

The additional Stress at 4m depth under point A B C due to qo are:

⎡ ΔσA ⎤ ⎡ 38.4 ⎤
⎢ Δσ ⎥ = ⎢ 13.14 ⎥ kN
⎢ B⎥ ⎢ ――
⎥ m2
⎣ ΔσC ⎦ ⎣ 13.8 ⎦

B
Given: z＝― L≔B
2
B≔2⋅z

B B
B' ≔ ― L' ≔ ―
2 2
Determine the vertical stress increase
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Principles of Foundation Engineering
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 BUILD BRIGHT UNIVERSITY Subject: Foundation Design
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Lecturer's Name: No Sinath
B
Bachelor Degree of Civil Engineering B Student's Name: Ourm Sovannreach
B' ≔ ― L' ≔ ―
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
2 2
Determine the vertical stress increase

a. Δσ beneath the corner of uniform rectangular load [Eq.(8.10) and Table (8.5)]

From Eq.[8.10]

Δσ ＝ 4 ⋅ qo ⋅ I

From Eq.[8.12] and [8.13]

B
―
B' 2
m ≔ ―＝ ―＝ 1
z B
―
2

B
―
B' 2
n ≔ ―＝ ―＝ 1
z B
―
2
From Table 8.5 , for m ≔ 1 , n ≔ 1 , the value of I ≔ 0.17522

SO Δσ ＝ 4 ⋅ qo ⋅ I ＝ 0.7 qo

b. 2:1 method [Eq.(8.15)]

2
qo ⋅ B ⋅ L qo ⋅ (2 z) qo ⋅ 4 z 2
Δσ ≔ ――――― ＝ ―――――― ＝ ―――
(B + z) ⋅ (L + z) (2 z + z) ⋅ (2 z + z) 9 z2

Δσ ＝ 0.44 ⋅ qo

c. Stress isobars (figure 8.11)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Principles of Foundation Engineering
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 BUILD BRIGHT UNIVERSITY Subject: Foundation Design
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Lecturer's Name: No Sinath
Bachelor Degree of Civil Engineering Student's Name: Ourm Sovannreach
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

c. Stress isobars (figure 8.11)

Δσ B
From the Boussinsg isobar for square footing ―＝ 0.7 at depth z ≔ ―
qo 2

SO Δσ ≔ 0.7 ⋅ qo

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Principles of Foundation Engineering
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Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Lecturer's Name: No Sinath
Bachelor Degree of Civil Engineering Student's Name: Ourm Sovannreach
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

Given: B ≔ 1.5 m (Square_Foundation)

B
B' ＝ ―
2
B' ≔ 0.75 m L' ≔ B' = 0.75 m

Q kN
Q ≔ 500 kN qo ≔ ―― = 222.222 ――
2
B m2
H1 ≔ 0.9 m H2 ≔ 3.9 m

Determine the average stress increase

a. Use Eq.[8.25]
⎛ H2 ⋅ Ia - H1 ⋅ Ia ⎞
Δσav. ＝ 4 ⋅ qo ⋅ ⎜――――― ⎟
⎝ H2 - H1 ⎠

For Ia.H2 , [Eq. (8.23)]

B'
m2 ≔ ― = 0.192
H2

L'
n2 ≔ ― = 0.192
H2

From Figure 8.13, for m2 = 0.192 , n2 = 0.192

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Principles of Foundation Engineering
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 BUILD BRIGHT UNIVERSITY Subject: Foundation Design
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Lecturer's Name: No Sinath
Bachelor Degree of Civil Engineering Student's Name: Ourm Sovannreach
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

SO Ia.H2 ≔ 0.0896

For Ia.H1 , Eq.[8.24]

B'
m2 ≔ ― = 0.83
H1

L'
n2 ≔ ― = 0.83
H1

From Figure (8.13) , Ia.H1 ≔ 0.21

⎡ H2 ⋅ Ia.H2 - H1 ⋅ Ia.H1 ⎤ kN
Δσav. ≔ 4 ⋅ qo ⋅ ⎢ ―――――― ⎥ = [ 47.5 ] ――
⎣ H2 - H1 ⎦ m2

kN
Δσav. = [ 47.5 ] ――
m2

b. Use Eq.[8.26] and [8.10]

kN
qo = 222.22 ――
m2

From Eq.[8.26]
Δσt + 4 ⋅ Δσm + Δσb
Δσav. ＝ ――――――
6
At H ≔ 0.9 m
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Principles of Foundation Engineering
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Bachelor Degree of Civil Engineering Δσ t + 4 ⋅ Δσ m + Δσ b Student's Name: Ourm Sovannreach
Δσav. ＝ ――――――
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
6
At H ≔ 0.9 m

B' L'
H1 ≔ 0.9 m B' ≔ 0.75 m L' ≔ 0.75 m m2 ≔ ― = 0.8 n2 ≔ ― = 0.8
H1 H1

kN
From Table (8.5) I ≔ 0.14607 Δσt ≔ 4 ⋅ qo ⋅ I = 129.84 ――
m2
At H ≔ 2.4 m

B' L'
H2 ≔ 2.4 m B' ≔ 0.75 m L' ≔ 0.75 m m2 ≔ ― = 0.3 n2 ≔ ― = 0.3
H2 H2

kN
From Table (8.5) I ≔ 0.03735 Δσm ≔ 4 ⋅ qo ⋅ I = 33.2 ――
m2
At H ≔ 3.9 m

B' L'
H3 ≔ 3.9 m B' ≔ 0.75 m L' ≔ 0.75 m m2 ≔ ― = 0.19 n2 ≔ ― = 0.19
H3 H3

kN
From Table (8.5) I ≔ 0.01790 Δσb ≔ 4 ⋅ qo ⋅ I = 15.91 ――
m2

Δσt + 4 ⋅ Δσm + Δσb kN

Δσav. ≔ ―――――― = 46.43 ――
6 m2

c. Using Eq.[8.26] and [8.15]

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Principles of Foundation Engineering
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 BUILD BRIGHT UNIVERSITY Subject: Foundation Design
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Lecturer's Name: No Sinath
Bachelor Degree of Civil Engineering Student's Name: Ourm Sovannreach
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

c. Using Eq.[8.26] and [8.15]

From Eq.[8.26]
Δσt + 4 ⋅ Δσm + Δσb
Δσav. ≔ ――――――
6
kN
At z ≔ 0.9 m , B = 1.5 m and L ≔ 1.5 m , qo = 222.22 ――
m2
qo ⋅ B ⋅ L kN
Δσt ≔ ――――― = 86.81 ――
(B + z) ⋅ (L + z) m2

kN
At z ≔ 2.4 m , B = 1.5 m and L ≔ 1.5 m , qo = 222.22 ――
m2
qo ⋅ B ⋅ L kN
Δσm ≔ ――――― = 32.87 ――
(B + z) ⋅ (L + z) m2

kN
At z ≔ 3.9 m , B = 1.5 m and L ≔ 1.5 m , qo = 222.22 ――
m2
qo ⋅ B ⋅ L kN
Δσb ≔ ――――― = 17.15 ――
(B + z) ⋅ (L + z) m2

Δσt + 4 ⋅ Δσm + Δσb kN

Δσav. ≔ ―――――― = 39.24 ――
6 m2

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Principles of Foundation Engineering
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 BUILD BRIGHT UNIVERSITY Subject: Foundation Design
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Lecturer's Name: No Sinath
Bachelor Degree of Civil Engineering Student's Name: Ourm Sovannreach
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

kN
H ≔ 10 m γ ≔ 17 ―― z≔5 m H ≔ 10 m
m3

Determine the stress increase at point A,B,C

kN
We have γ ⋅ H = 170 ――
m2
Stress increase at A

From figure 8.12

indicates
that B1 ≔ 3 m and
B2 ≔ 20 m , so
B1
―= 0.6 m
z

B2
―= 4 m
z

According to figure 8.12, in this case I' ≔ 0.465 . Because the two
sides in figure 8.12 are symmetrical ,
the value of I' for the right side will also be , so

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Principles of Foundation Engineering
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 BUILD BRIGHT UNIVERSITY Subject: Foundation Design
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Lecturer's Name: No Sinath
Bachelor Degree of Civil Engineering Student's Name: Ourm Sovannreach
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

Δσ ＝ Δσ1 + Δσ2

Δσ ＝ qo ⋅ ⎛⎝I'left_side + I'right_side⎞⎠
kN
qo ≔ 170 ――
m2
ΔσA ≔ qo ⋅ (0.472 + 0.472)
kN
ΔσA = 160.48 ――
m2

Stress increase at B
In figure 8.12, for the left
side,
B1 ≔ 0 m and B2 ≔ 20 m , so
B1
―= 0 m
z

B2
―= 4 m
z
B2 B1
According to figure 8.12, for these values of ― and ― , I' ≔ 0.415 ; hence,
z z

ΔσB1 ≔ qo ⋅ I'
Where
kN
qo ≔ 10 m ⋅ γ = 170 ――
m2

kN
ΔσB1 ≔ qo ⋅ I' = 70.55 ――
m2

For the right side

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Principles of Foundation Engineering
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 BUILD BRIGHT UNIVERSITY Subject: Foundation Design
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Lecturer's Name: No Sinath
Bachelor Degree of Civil Engineering Student's Name: Ourm Sovannreach
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
For the right side

B1 ≔ 6 m B2 ≔ 20 m
B1 B2
―= 1.2 m ―= 4 m
z z
Thus,
I' ≔ 0.485
kN
qo ≔ 10 m ⋅ γ = 170 ――
m2
kN
ΔσB2 ≔ qo ⋅ I' = 82.45 ――
m2
The Total stress increase at point B is
kN
ΔσB ≔ ΔσB1 + ΔσB2 = 153 ――
m2
Stress increase at C
In figure 8.12c, for the left
side,
B1 ≔ 6 m and B2 ≔ 20 m , so
B1
―= 1.2 m
z

B2
―= 4 m
z

B2 B1
According to figure 8.12, for these values of ― and ― , I' ≔ 0.485 ; hence,
z z

ΔσC1 ≔ qo ⋅ I'
Where
kN
qo ≔ 10 m ⋅ γ = 170 ――
m2

kN
ΔσC1 ≔ qo ⋅ I' = 82.45 ――
m2
For the right side

B1 ≔ 0 m B2 ≔ 20 m
B1 B2
―= 0 m ―= 4 m
z z
Thus,
I' ≔ 0.5
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Principles of Foundation Engineering
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 BUILD BRIGHT UNIVERSITY Subject: Foundation Design
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Lecturer's Name: No Sinath
Bachelor Degree of Civil Engineering
Thus, Student's Name: Ourm Sovannreach
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
I' ≔ 0.5
kN
qo ≔ 10 m ⋅ γ = 170 ――
m2
kN
ΔσC2 ≔ qo ⋅ I' = 85 ――
m2
The Total stress increase at point C is
kN
ΔσC ≔ ΔσC1 + ΔσC2 = 167.45 ――
m2

⎡ ΔσA ⎤ ⎡ 160.48 ⎤
⎢ Δσ ⎥ = ⎢ 153 ⎥ kN
⎢ B⎥ ⎢ ――
⎥ m2
⎣ ΔσC ⎦ ⎣ 167.45 ⎦

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