PPP
• Point to point protocol
• Byte oriented protocol (it provides frames as collection of byte &
characters)
• PPP use both synchronous & asynchronous transmission point to
point link only.
• One byte transfer at a time
• It is used establish direct connection between two nodes.
• It is a WAN protocol as it runs over the internet link (i.e. : between
2 routers)
• If users wants to connect home computer to the server of an
(ISP) ,PPP is used.
Two main uses of PPP:
• It is widely used in broadband communications having heavy
loads and high speeds. Ex : internet
• It is used to transmit multiprotocol data between 2 connected
computers
Services supported by PPP:
• Define frame format
• Link establishment process
• Encapsulation
• Authentication
• PPP defines the format of the frame to be exchanged between
devices
• It defines how two devices can negotiate the establishment of the
link and the exchange of data.
• It defines how the data of the network layer are encapsulated in
data link frame.
• It defines how two devices can authenticate with each other
•
Services not supported by PPP:
• Flow control
• Error control (partially)
• Address handling
• Multiple configuration
•
HDLC :
High Level Data Link Control
Bit oriented protocol
HDLC Implemented PPP & multipoint configuration
HDLC is a bit oriented protocol used for communication over point to
point & multipoint links.
TRANSFER MODES
1. Normal Response Mode (NRM)
2. Asynchronous balance mode (ABM)
1. Normal Response Mode (NRM) :
• The station configuration is unbalanced
• We have one primary station & multiple secondary stations
• A primary station can send commands and a secondary station
can only respond
• NRM is used for both point to point and multipoint links.
2. Asynchronous Balanced Mode (ABM)
• The station configuration is balanced