Scribd
Upload
19 views6 pages

Tools for Community Diagnosis Data Collection

Uploaded by

Jann Fajardo
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
19 views6 pages

Tools for Community Diagnosis Data Collection

Uploaded by

Jann Fajardo
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

WEEK 8 NOTES

• Three Levels of Data Gathering

1. Community people -- household heads, traditional, and non-


traditional leaders; 30% of the total population of households for the survey
sample spread out proportionally would be ideal; representation increases or
decreases proportionally depending on the size of the area; ideally, 10% of
traditional leaders (while a corresponding number of nontraditional leaders)
(also) be obtained
2. Community health workers — ideally, 20% of all enlisted CHWs as
of the previous year
3. Program staff

Instrument may be the following:


a. Survey questionnaire
b. Observation checklist
c. Interview guide (CHW, leaders, program staff)

The nurse should meet the data gatherers to discuss and analyze the
instrument to be used. They may be asked to role-play an interview scene so
that they can place themselves in an actual interview situation. If necessary,
the instrument may be simplified to avoid overburden on the data gatherers in
terms of educational preparation and time constraints. Pretesting of the
instruments is highly recommended.

5. Setting the Targets — involves constructing a timetable of activities, taking


into consideration the sample size and the number of personnel that will work

B. IMPLEMENTATION
1. Actual data gathering — during the actual data gathering, the nurse
supervises the data collectors by checking the filled-out instruments for
completeness, accuracy, and reliability of the information collected. Data
gathered should cover the following:

• Community dimensions secondarily related to health


a. demographic data
b. economic characteristics
c. social indicators
d. political characteristics
e. cultural characteristics
f. environmental indicators

• Community dimensions directly related to health


a. General health indicators — birth, death, morbidity, mortality rates
b. Maternal and child health care family planning, midwifery services, child
care
c. Immunization status of children
d. Food and nutrition daily food budget, daily food intake, knowledge of basic
food groups
e. Illness and injury type of sickness, medical personnel attending to the sick,
where the sick go for consultation and treatment, types and sources of
medicines, dental care, mental health, accidents, causes of death
f. Water and environment — water supply and storage, food storage,
sanitation (excreta, garbage, wastewater disposal, pets and vermin control)
g. Endemic diseases
h. Essential drugs
i. Health education
j. Health resources (government/private) health manpower, health centers,
health services
k. Perception of health problems concepts of health, perceived health
problem,
solutions to health problems

2. Collation/Organization of data there are two types of data that may be


generated:
• Numerical data - data that can be counted
• Descriptive data description of observable characteristics of different
factors

Before collation is done, the accomplished questionnaires are edited.


Editing means going through the questionnaire to ensure that all the questions
have been properly entered.
NR — No response
NA— Not applicable

To facilitate data collection, the nurse must develop categories for the
classification of responses, making sure that the categories are MUTUALLY
EXCLUSIVE and EXHAUSTIVE.

MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE choices do not overlap.


3. Presentation/Organization of Data -- data collected may be presented
as:
• Statistical tables
• Graphs
• Descriptive data -- Examples: geographic data, history of a village,
health beliefs

4. Analysis of Data -- aims to establish trends and patterns in terms of


health needs and problems of the community. It allows comparison of
obtained data with standard values.

5. Identification of community health nursing problems – make a list of the


health problems and categorize them as:
• Health status problem – may be described in terms of increased or
decreased morbidity, mortality, or fertility. Example: 40% of the school-age
children have ascariasis.
• Health resources problem – they may be described in terms of lack or
absence of manpower, money, materials, or institutions necessary to solve
health problems.
Example: 25% of the BHWs lack skills in vital-signs taking.
• Health-related problems — they may be described in terms of
existence of social, economic, environmental, and political factors that
aggravate the illness-inducing situations in the community.
Example: 30% of the households dump their garbage in the river.

6. Priority-Setting of Community Health Nursing Problems — make use of


the following criteria:
• Nature of the problem presented — the problems are classified by the
nurse as health status, health resources, or health related problems.
• Magnitude of the problem -- refers to the severity of the problem, which
can be measured in terms of the proportion of the population affected by the
problem.
• Modifiability of the problem -- refers to the probability of reducing,
controlling, or eradicating the problem.
• Preventive Potential -- refers to the probability of controlling or
reducing the effects posed by the problem.
• Social Concern -- refers to the perception of the population or the
community as they are affected by the problem.

TABLE 17. SCORING SYSTEM IN PRIORITIZING HEALTH PROBLEMS

Source: UP College of Nursing. Community Health Nursing Specialty, 1989,


as cited in Maglaya, 2003.

STEPS IN PRIORITIZING PROBLEMS


1. Score each problem according to each criterion.
2. Divide the score by the highest possible score.
3. Multiply the answer by the weight of the criteria.
4. Add the final score for each criterion to get the total score for the problem.
The highest possible score is 10, while the lowest possible score is 1
5/12 or 1.41.
5. The problem with the highest total score is given high priority by the nurse.
Given the situation:
After collating the data in the community diagnosis, the nurse learned
that one of the community health problems is that 40% of the school-age
children have ascariasis. The mothers recognize this and are willing to have
their children undergo deworming. Majority of the mothers are so concerned
that they asked the nurse about its cause and the ways on how to prevent it.

The other problem is the lack of skills of the BHWs in the barangay. For
example, 25% of the BHWs lack skills in vital signs taking. The BHWs
expressed their concern that they cannot perform their tasks because of this.
All of them verbalized their desire to attend health skills trainings in the future.
Applying the concept of prioritizing community health problems:

TABLE 18. USING THE SCORING SYSTEM TO DETERMINE PRIORITIES


FOR TWO HEALTH PROBLEMS

7. Feedback to the Community -- community meetings are held to inform


the community people of the results of the community diagnosis. This is done
to:

• increase their awareness on their health status as an entire


community, and
• enhance community participation in action planning.

8. Action Planning -- action programs are the activities necessitated by the


results of the community diagnosis. Feasibility, impact on the community,
scope or coverage, and community acceptance are the factors to consider in
formulating an action program

C. EVALUATION - done to:


1. measure the achievements of the program
2. serve as basis for introducing corrections or revisions to the action
program
3. provide concrete basis for the validity and appropriateness of the action
plan. Since impact evaluation entails thorough investigation of the community,
a follow-up to the community diagnosis is necessary.

Common questions

Powered by AI

When categorizing responses in community health surveys, it is crucial to ensure that categories are mutually exclusive and exhaustive. This means that the response options should not overlap and should cover all possible answers to ensure comprehensive data collection. Challenges include designing categories sophisticated enough to capture nuanced data while being simple enough for respondents to understand. This entails pretesting instruments to refine them and avoid overburdening data gatherers in terms of educational preparation and time constraints .

Numerical data provides quantifiable information that can be statistically analyzed to reveal trends and patterns, such as rates of morbidity or health resources availability. Descriptive data offers context and detailed insights into qualitative aspects like cultural beliefs and environmental conditions. The combination of these data types creates a holistic view of community health, allowing for more informed decision-making and targeted interventions .

Health education is crucial in addressing endemic diseases by raising awareness and providing knowledge on prevention and management. Community perception significantly affects the success of such efforts, as positive perception and community willingness to engage with educational initiatives lead to better adoption of health practices. For instance, if the community perceives a disease like ascariasis as a significant threat, they are more likely to participate in deworming programs and preventive measures .

Priority setting impacts resource allocation by determining which health issues are most urgent and modifiable, influencing where resources such as manpower, finances, and materials should be directed. Higher-priority health problems, as determined by criteria like the magnitude and modifiability of the problem and community concern, receive more resources and attention to ensure effective intervention and resolution .

Community health data gathering methods can be simplified by pretesting instruments, using straightforward and clear questionnaires, and employing tools like observation checklists and interview guides that are adapted to the collectors’ educational level and time capabilities. Role-playing interviews can also prepare data collectors for real-world scenarios, ensuring they are comfortable and efficient in gathering accurate data .

The key steps involved in setting and implementing community health action plans include feedback to the community, informing them about the diagnosis results to enhance their awareness and participation. This is followed by action planning, which involves devising programs based on community diagnosis results, considering factors such as feasibility, impact, scope, and community acceptance. The next step is the actual implementation of the action program, and finally, evaluation to measure the program's achievements and make necessary corrections .

In community health assessments, the representation of the survey sample is critical as it ensures that the collected data accurately reflects the broader community's characteristics and needs. The ideal survey sample involves 30% of the households and includes both traditional and non-traditional leaders, with adjustments made proportionally depending on the area size. This proportional representation helps in capturing a diverse range of perspectives and issues that could be prevalent in different community segments .

Data presentation formats like statistical tables and graphs play a critical role in community health by making complex data more accessible and understandable for stakeholders. Statistical tables organize data systematically, allowing for easy comparison and trend analysis, while graphs visually represent data to quickly convey patterns and relationships. Both formats enhance communication of findings, inform decision-making, and secure community and stakeholder buy-in by clearly demonstrating health issues and outcomes .

Enhancing community health worker efficiency in skill areas like vital signs taking involves several strategic considerations, including identifying skill gaps through community diagnosis, providing targeted training programs to address these gaps, and ensuring regular skills assessments and feedback. The strategy should also include mentorship opportunities, access to up-to-date training materials, and a supportive environment that encourages skill development and confidence in performing tasks .

Community health perceptions significantly influence the prioritization of health nursing problems by determining the social relevance and urgency of various health issues. In the scoring system for prioritizing health problems, social concern is one of the key criteria, which assesses how a problem is perceived and its perceived impact on the community. A highly perceived problem by the community, like the widespread concern over children affected by ascariasis, is likely prioritized higher due to the community's readiness to address it and their active involvement in seeking solutions .

You might also like