Question ID 14bec4c8

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Hard

ID: 14bec4c8
A turtle shell appears external to the animal, protecting its body like armor. ______ the shell is often
incorrectly assumed to be an exoskeleton, a rigid outer casing like that of a crustacean or an insect, when in
fact it is an endoskeleton, a part of the turtle’s internal bone structure, more akin to a spine or a pair of ribs.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. That being said,

B. However,

C. For instance,

D. Hence,

ID: 14bec4c8 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. "Hence" logically signals that the information in this sentence about turtle shells—that people
incorrectly assume they are exoskeletons—is a consequence of the shells appearing external to the animal.

Choice A is incorrect because "that being said" illogically signals that this sentence qualifies or contrasts with the previous
information about turtle shells appearing external to the animal. Instead, it presents a consequence of that information.
Choice B is incorrect because "however" illogically signals that this sentence contrasts with the previous information about
turtle shells appearing external to the animal. Instead, it presents a consequence of that information. Choice C is incorrect
because "for instance" illogically signals that this sentence provides an example supporting the previous information about
turtle shells appearing external to the animal. Instead, it presents a consequence of that information.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 0314684f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

ID: 0314684f
Alexander Lawrence Posey (1873–1908) varied his focus and tone depending on the genre in which he was
writing. In his poetry, he used heartfelt language to evoke the beauty and peacefulness of his natural
surroundings; in his journalism, ______ he employed humor and satire to comment on political issues
affecting his Muskogee Creek community.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. that is,

B. granted,

C. similarly,

D. by contrast,

ID: 0314684f Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. This sentence compares two examples of Posey’s tone: the “heartfelt language” he used in his
poetry versus the “humor and satire” he used in his journalism. We know from these descriptions and from the claim in the
previous sentence that the two tones are very different from each other. So the transition “by contrast” fits the context
perfectly.

Choice A is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates a restatement of the same idea in other words. But the text
isn’t restating the first example here. Instead, it’s offering a second, totally different example. Choice B is incorrect. This
choice uses a transition that means “admittedly.” But the text isn’t admitting or conceding anything here. Instead, these two
examples work together to support the claim made in the first sentence. Choice C is incorrect. This choice uses a transition
that indicates the addition of an agreeing idea. But these two examples are intentionally very different from each other, so
“similarly” doesn’t make sense here.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID a56a50e6
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Hard

ID: a56a50e6
Historically, most conductors of major orchestras and opera companies have been European men, but a new,
more diverse generation of artists is stepping up to the podium. Mexico’s Alondra de la Parra took over as
conductor for the Queensland Symphony Orchestra in 2017, ______ and Colombia’s Lina Gonzalez-Granados
did the same for the Los Angeles Opera in 2022.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. in addition,

B. lastly,

C. granted,

D. for instance,

ID: a56a50e6 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. “For instance” logically signals that the details in this sentence—that Mexican conductor
Alondra de la Parra and Colombian conductor Lina Gonzalez-Granados took new conducting positions—are examples
supporting the previous claim about the new generation of artists.

Choice A is incorrect because “in addition” illogically signals that the details in this sentence about de la Parra and Gonzalez-
Granados are merely additional facts related to the previous claim about the new generation of artists. Instead, they are
examples supporting that claim. Choice B is incorrect because “lastly” illogically signals that the details in this sentence
about de la Parra and Gonzalez-Granados are the last step or a concluding summary of the previous claim about the new
generation of artists. Instead, they are examples supporting that claim. Choice C is incorrect because “granted” illogically
signals that the details in this sentence about de la Parra and Gonzalez-Granados are exceptions to the previous claim about
the new generation of artists. Instead, they are examples supporting that claim.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 4e564c4f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Hard

ID: 4e564c4f
With its clichéd imagery of suburban lawns and power lines, John Ashbery’s 2004 poem “Ignorance of the
Law Is No Excuse” may seem barren terrain for critical analysis. ______ cultural critic Lauren Berlant finds
fertile ground in just its first two stanzas, devoting most of a book chapter to deciphering the “weight of the
default space” Ashbery creates in this poem.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Likewise,

B. Nonetheless,

C. In turn,

D. That is,

ID: 4e564c4f Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer. “Nonetheless” is a transition that indicates disagreement. The first sentence describes the
unlikelihood of finding much for critical analysis in Ashbery’s poem (“barren terrain”), while the second sentence describes
how Berlant did in fact find much to analyze in Ashbery’s poem (“fertile ground”), so the transition “nonetheless” fits
perfectly.

Choice A is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates the addition of a new but similar idea, which doesn’t make
sense here. The idea in this sentence directly contradicts the idea in the previous sentence. Choice C is incorrect. This
choice uses a cause-and-effect transition, which doesn’t make sense in this context—a poem seemingly having little
opportunity for critical analysis would not cause someone to write an extensive critical analysis (in fact, we might expect the
opposite). Choice D is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates a restatement of the same idea in other words.
But the text isn’t restating the first idea here. Instead, it’s offering a contradiction to the idea expressed in the first sentence.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID f3c0e374
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

ID: f3c0e374
In 1885, Chinese-born California resident Mary Tape became a hero of the Asian American civil rights
movement. In January of that year, she won an antidiscrimination case in the California Supreme Court.
______ in April, she wrote an open letter criticizing her local board of education for discrimination. Both
actions are remembered today as historic stands against racism.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Later,

B. For instance,

C. In other words,

D. Rather,

ID: f3c0e374 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is the best answer. “Later” logically signals that the letter-writing discussed in this sentence occurred later in a
chronological sequence of events than did the antidiscrimination case discussed in the previous sentence.

Choice B is incorrect because “for instance” illogically signals that the letter-writing discussed in this sentence is an example
of the antidiscrimination case discussed in the previous sentence. Instead, the letter-writing is an event that occurred after
the court case. Choice C is incorrect because “in other words” illogically signals that the letter-writing discussed in this
sentence is a paraphrase or restatement of the antidiscrimination case discussed in the previous sentence. Instead, the
letter-writing is an event that occurred after the court case. Choice D is incorrect because “rather” illogically signals that the
letter-writing discussed in this sentence is an alternative to the antidiscrimination case discussed in the previous sentence.
Instead, the letter-writing is an event that occurred after the court case.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 222e4d89
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

ID: 222e4d89
Originally coined by economist Joan Robinson to refer to markets with multiple sellers of a product but only
one buyer, the term “monopsony” can also refer to markets where demand for labor is limited. In a product
monopsony, the single buyer can force sellers to lower their prices. ______ in a labor monopsony, employers
can force workers to accept lower wages.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. Earlier,

B. Instead,

C. Similarly,

D. In particular,

ID: 222e4d89 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is the best answer. “Similarly” logically signals that the information in this sentence about a labor monopsony is
similar to the information in the previous sentence about a product monopsony. In both types of markets, one party (an
employer or a buyer) has the power to force another party (a worker or seller) to accept less money (for labor or products).

Choice A is incorrect because “earlier” illogically signals that the information in this sentence about a labor monopsony
occurs earlier (in a chronological sequence) than the information about a product monopsony. Instead, it is similar to the
information about a product monopsony. Choice B is incorrect because “instead” illogically signals that the information in
this sentence about a labor monopsony is an alternative to the previous information about a product monopsony. Instead, it
is similar to the information about a product monopsony. Choice D is incorrect because “in particular” illogically signals that
the information in this sentence about a labor monopsony provides specific details elaborating on the previous information
about a product monopsony. Instead, it is similar to the information about a product monopsony.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID f87d07d3
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Hard

ID: f87d07d3
The mineral mtorolite is most commonly found in Zimbabwe. Mtorolite is cryptocrystalline, meaning that its
crystalline structure is so fine that the individual crystals cannot be distinguished by the naked eye or even
under a microscope. The crystals in microcrystalline minerals are also not visible to the naked eye; ______
they can usually be seen under a microscope.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. thus,

B. for example,

C. that said,

D. similarly,

ID: f87d07d3 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is the best answer because "that said" logically signals that the information that follows—that the crystals of
microcrystalline minerals can be seen with a microscope—is an exception to the previous information about the crystalline
structure of minerals not being visible under a microscope.

Choice A is incorrect because "thus" illogically signals that the information that follows is a direct result or consequence of
the fact that the crystals of microcrystalline minerals aren’t visible to the naked eye. Instead, the fact that they can be seen
under a microscope is an exception to the previous information about crystalline minerals. Choice B is incorrect because "for
example" illogically signals that the information that follows exemplifies the fact that the crystals of microcrystalline
minerals aren’t visible to the naked eye. Instead, the fact that they can be seen under a microscope is an exception to the
previous information about crystalline minerals. Choice D is incorrect because "similarly" illogically signals that the
information that follows is similar or comparable to the fact that the crystals of microcrystalline minerals aren’t visible to the
naked eye. Instead, the fact that they can be seen under a microscope is an exception to the previous information about
crystalline minerals.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 7a7ba10d
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

ID: 7a7ba10d
When Chinese director Chloé Zhao accepted the Oscar in 2021 for her film Nomadland, she made Academy
Award history. ______ only one other woman, Kathryn Bigelow of the United States, had been named best
director at the Oscars, making Zhao the second woman and the first Asian woman to win the award.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. As a result,

B. Previously,

C. However,

D. Likewise,

ID: 7a7ba10d Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer. “Previously” logically signals that the event described in this sentence—Bigelow being named
best director—occurred before Zhao’s win. The fact that only one other woman had won the award before puts Zhao’s win in
perspective.

Choice A is incorrect because “as a result” illogically signals that the event described in this sentence occurred as a result or
consequence of Zhao’s win. Instead, it occurred before Zhao was named best director and puts Zhao’s win in perspective.
Choice C is incorrect because “however” illogically signals that the event described in this sentence occurred in spite of or in
contrast to Zhao’s win. Instead, it occurred before Zhao was named best director and puts Zhao’s win in perspective. Choice
D is incorrect because “likewise” illogically signals that this sentence merely adds a second, similar piece of information to
the information about Zhao’s win. Instead, the fact that only one other woman had won the award before puts Zhao’s win in
perspective.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 108fb9e7
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

ID: 108fb9e7
“Wishcycling”—putting nonrecyclable items into recycling bins under the mistaken belief that those items can
be recycled—ultimately does more harm than good. Nonrecyclable items, such as greasy pizza boxes, can
contaminate recyclable materials, rendering entire batches unusable. ______ nonrecyclable products can
damage recycling plants’ machinery.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Fittingly,

B. On the contrary,

C. Moreover,

D. Nevertheless,

ID: 108fb9e7 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is the best answer. The first sentence tells us that “wishcycling” is harmful, the previous sentence gives us an
example, and this sentence gives us another example. So “moreover”—a transition that indicates the addition of another
supporting point—fits perfectly here.

Choice A is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that means “appropriately” or “suitably,” which doesn’t make sense in
context. This sentence adds another example of how “wishcycling” is harmful, so we’re looking for an addition transition.
Choice B is incorrect. This choice uses a disagreement transition. But this sentence actually agrees with the previous
sentence. Both provide examples of how “wishcycling” is harmful. Choice D is incorrect. This choice uses a disagreement
transition. But this sentence actually agrees with the previous sentence. Both provide examples of how “wishcycling” is
harmful.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 410d7d28
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Hard

ID: 410d7d28
In her poetry collection Thomas and Beulah, Rita Dove interweaves the titular characters’ personal stories
with broader historical narratives. She places Thomas’s journey from the American South to the Midwest in
the early 1900s within the larger context of the Great Migration. ______ Dove sets events from Beulah’s
personal life against the backdrop of the US Civil Rights Movement.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. Specifically,

B. Thus,

C. Regardless,

D. Similarly,

ID: 410d7d28 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. “Similarly” logically signals that the information in the sentence—that Dove situates Beulah’s life
in the context of the US Civil Rights Movement—is similar to the previous information about Thomas and the Great Migration.
Both sentences support the first sentence’s claim that Dove portrays her characters in the context of broader historical
narratives.

Choice A is incorrect because “specifically” illogically signals that the information about Beulah in this sentence provides
specific details elaborating on the previous information about Thomas. Instead, it’s similar to the previous information about
Thomas. Choice B is incorrect because “thus” illogically signals that the information about Beulah in this sentence is a result
or consequence of the previous information about Thomas. Instead, it’s similar to the previous information about Thomas.
Choice C is incorrect because “regardless” illogically signals that the information about Beulah in this sentence is true
despite the previous information about Thomas. Instead, it’s similar to the previous information about Thomas.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 492af9c4
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

ID: 492af9c4
Before California’s 1911 election to approve a proposition granting women the right to vote, activists across
the state sold tea to promote the cause of suffrage. In San Francisco, the Woman’s Suffrage Party sold
Equality Tea at local fairs. ______ in Los Angeles, activist Nancy Tuttle Craig, who ran one of California’s
largest grocery store firms, distributed Votes for Women Tea.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. For example,

B. To conclude,

C. Similarly,

D. In other words,

ID: 492af9c4 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is the best answer. “Similarly” logically signals that the activity described in this sentence (Nancy Tuttle Craig
distributing Votes for Women Tea in her Los Angeles grocery stores) is like the activity described in the previous sentence
(the Woman’s Suffrage Party selling Equality Tea at fairs in San Francisco). Together, the two examples support the
preceding claim that “activists across the state sold tea to promote the cause of suffrage.”

Choice A is incorrect because “for example” illogically signals that the activity described in this sentence exemplifies the
activity described in the previous sentence. Instead, the two activities are similar, and both support the preceding claim
about selling tea to promote women’s right to vote. Choice B is incorrect because “to conclude” illogically signals that the
activity described in this sentence concludes or summarizes the information in the previous sentences. Instead, the activity
is similar to the one described in the previous sentence, and both support the preceding claim about selling tea to promote
women’s right to vote. Choice D is incorrect because “in other words” illogically signals that the activity described in this
sentence paraphrases the activity described in the previous sentence. Instead, the two activities are similar, and both
support the preceding claim about selling tea to promote women’s right to vote.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 9818337a
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

ID: 9818337a
The ancient Spartans were known for their bitingly concise—or laconic—wit, a quality they maintained even in
the face of great peril. ______ when Philip II of Macedon threatened Laconia (the region of Greece containing
Sparta), he said, “If I invade Laconia, I shall turn you out.” The Spartans replied with a single word: “If.”

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. Rather,

B. In other words,

C. That said,

D. For instance,

ID: 9818337a Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. "For instance" logically signals that the concise, witty exchange between Philip II and the
Spartans is an example supporting the previous claim—that the Spartans employed wit even in the face of peril.

Choice A is incorrect because "rather" illogically signals that the exchange between Philip II and the Spartans contrasts with
the previous claim about the Spartans’ wit. Instead, the exchange is an example of their wit. Choice B is incorrect because "in
other words" illogically signals that the exchange between Philip II and the Spartans is a restatement of the previous claim
about the Spartans’ wit. Instead, the exchange is an example of their wit. Choice C is incorrect because "that said" illogically
signals that the exchange between Philip II and the Spartans is an exception to the previous claim about the Spartans’ wit.
Instead, the exchange is an example of their wit.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 0ef1c197
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

ID: 0ef1c197
Some members of the US Supreme Court have resisted calls to televise the court’s oral arguments,
concerned that the participants would be tempted to perform for the cameras (and thus lower the quality of
the discourse). ______ the justices worry that most viewers would not even watch the full deliberations, only
short clips that could be misinterpreted and mischaracterized.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. However,

B. Additionally,

C. In comparison,

D. For example,

ID: 0ef1c197 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer. “Additionally” logically signals that the claim in this sentence—that some Supreme Court
justices worry that viewers (of televised court arguments) would watch only short, misleading clips—adds to the information
in the previous sentence. Specifically, the previous sentence indicates one concern raised by those opposed to televising the
court’s oral arguments, and the claim that follows indicates a second, additional concern.

Choice A is incorrect because “however” illogically signals that the claim in this sentence contrasts with the information in
the previous sentence. Instead, the claim adds to the information, indicating a second, additional concern that some
Supreme Court justices have about televising the court’s arguments. Choice C is incorrect because “in comparison”
illogically signals that the claim in this sentence is being compared to the information in the previous sentence. Instead, the
claim adds to the information, indicating a second, additional concern that some Supreme Court justices have about
televising the court’s arguments. Choice D is incorrect because “for example” illogically signals that the claim in this
sentence exemplifies the information in the previous sentence. Instead, the claim adds to the information, indicating a
second, additional concern that some Supreme Court justices have about televising the court’s arguments.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID e214479d
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

ID: e214479d
Working together with the Navajo Nation Department of Water Resources, Dr. Lani Tsinnajinnie analyzed data
about snowpack levels in the Chuska Mountains. She found that the snowpack (the amount of snow on the
ground) was deepest in early March at lower elevations. At higher elevations, ______ the snowpack was
deepest in mid-March.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. in other words,

B. for instance,

C. on the other hand,

D. in summary,

ID: e214479d Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is the best answer. "On the other hand" logically signals that the information in the sentence—that the snowpack at
higher elevations in the Chuska Mountains was deepest in mid-March—contrasts with the previous information about the
snowpack at lower elevations being deepest in early March.

Choice A is incorrect because "in other words" illogically signals that information in the sentence is merely a paraphrase or
restatement of the previous information about the snowpack at lower elevations. Instead, the information about the
snowpack at higher elevations contrasts with that information. Choice B is incorrect because "for instance" illogically signals
that the information in the sentence exemplifies the previous information about the snowpack at lower elevations. Instead,
the information about the snowpack at higher elevations contrasts with that information. Choice D is incorrect because "in
summary" illogically signals that the information in the sentence summarizes the previous information about the snowpack
at lower elevations. Instead, the information about the snowpack at higher elevations contrasts with that information.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID a6b35cb9
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

ID: a6b35cb9
Scientists long debated the origins of chondrules, tiny glass beads that formed in meteors billions of years
ago. For decades, different theories were proposed, from lightning strikes to powerful rock collisions, but
none had sufficient evidentiary support. ______ scientists found strong evidence that chondrules were formed
by shock waves in nearby nebulae.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. For example,

B. Therefore,

C. Similarly,

D. Finally,

ID: a6b35cb9 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. "Finally" logically signals that the information in this sentence—that scientists found evidence
that chondrules were formed by shock waves in nearby nebulae—indicates a conclusion to the scientific debate mentioned
in the previous sentences.

Choice A is incorrect because "for example" illogically signals that the information about the evidence for chondrule
formation in this sentence exemplifies the information about the scientific debate regarding chondrule formation in the
previous sentences. Instead, it indicates a conclusion to the debate. Choice B is incorrect because "therefore" illogically
signals that the information in this sentence is a result of the previous information about the scientific debate regarding
chondrule formation. Instead, it indicates a conclusion to the debate. Choice C is incorrect because "similarly" illogically
signals that the information that follows is similar to the information about the scientific debate regarding chondrule
formation in the previous sentences. Instead, it indicates a conclusion to the debate.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 654e54b2
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

ID: 654e54b2
The number of dark spots that appear on the Sun, known as sunspots, can vary greatly. For example, there
were about 180 sunspots in November 2001. ______ there were only about 2 sunspots in December 2008.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. In other words,

B. Similarly,

C. Therefore,

D. By comparison,

ID: 654e54b2 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. The first sentence claims that the number of sunspots can vary greatly. To support this claim,
the next two sentences compare two examples: one time when there were 180 sunspots and one time when there were only
2 sunspots. So the transition “by comparison” fits perfectly.

Choice A is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates a restatement of the same idea, which doesn’t make sense
here. This sentence doesn’t restate the first example—it describes a totally different example. Choice B is incorrect. This
choice uses a transition that indicates the addition of a similar idea, which doesn’t make sense here. This sentence
describes a second example that is very different from the first example. Choice C is incorrect. This choice uses a cause-
and-effect transition, which doesn’t make sense here. The first example didn’t result in the second example.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 3ded822c
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

ID: 3ded822c
In June, female loggerhead sea turtles will swim back to the sandy beaches where they were born to lay eggs
of their own. First, the turtle will dig her nest in the sand. ______ she will lay up to 100 eggs in the nest. Finally,
she will cover it all with sand, before returning to the ocean.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. By contrast,

B. Similarly,

C. Next,

D. For example,

ID: 3ded822c Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is the best answer. “Next” logically signals that the egg laying in this sentence is the next step in the sequence of
events described in the other sentences.

Choice A is incorrect because “by contrast” illogically signals that the egg laying in this sentence contrasts with the nest
digging in the previous sentence. Instead, the egg laying follows the nest digging as the next step in the sequence of events.
Choice B is incorrect because “similarly” illogically signals that the egg laying in this sentence is similar to the nest digging in
the previous sentence. Though the two actions are related, they are not similar. Instead, the egg laying follows the nest
digging as the next step in the sequence of events. Choice D is incorrect because “for example” illogically signals that the
egg laying in this sentence is an example of the nest digging in the previous sentence. Instead, the egg laying follows the
nest digging as the next step in the sequence of events.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID ae5680f4
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

ID: ae5680f4
To explore how blinking affects social interactions, Dutch researchers observed interactions between human
speakers and “listeners” (animated human faces on a screen). The researchers found that when the listeners
blinked slowly, the speakers tended to talk for less time. ______ quicker blinks were associated with longer
talking times.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. For example,

B. Specifically,

C. Firstly,

D. By contrast,

ID: ae5680f4 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. “By contrast” logically signals that the finding described in this sentence contrasts with the
finding described in the previous sentence. That is, quicker blinks were associated with longer talking times, whereas slower
blinks were associated with shorter talking times.

Choice A is incorrect because “for example” illogically signals that the finding described in this sentence is an example of
the finding described in the previous sentence. Instead, it contrasts with that finding. Choice B is incorrect because
“specifically” illogically signals that this sentence provides specific, precise details about the finding described in the
previous sentence. Instead, it presents information that contrasts with that finding. Choice C is incorrect because “firstly”
illogically signals that the finding described in this sentence is a first point or occurs first in a chronological sequence of
events. Instead, it contrasts with the finding described in the previous sentence.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 369ac3ca
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

ID: 369ac3ca
Jeffrey Gibson’s sculptural object KNOW YOUR MAGIC, BABY, an Everlast-brand exercise bag embroidered
with multicolored beads and a fringe associated with the dances of the Ojibwe people, stitches together—
literally and figuratively—recognizable symbols from both Native and non-Native cultures. ______ Gibson’s
piece also blurs the distinction between contemporary art and traditional crafts.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. Conversely,

B. In so doing,

C. For instance,

D. In particular,

ID: 369ac3ca Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer. "In so doing" logically signals that the information in this sentence about Gibson’s piece—that it
blurs the distinction between contemporary art and traditional crafts—is a result or consequence of the piece’s blending of
particular Native and non-Native cultural symbols.

Choice A is incorrect. "Conversely" illogically signals that the information in this sentence contrasts with the previous
information about the blending of particular cultural symbols in Gibson’s piece. Instead, it presents a result or consequence
of that information. Choice C is incorrect. "For instance" illogically signals that this sentence provides an example supporting
the previous information about the blending of particular cultural symbols in Gibson’s piece. Instead, it presents a result or
consequence of that information. Choice D is incorrect. "In particular" illogically signals that this sentence provides specific
details elaborating on the previous information about the blending of particular cultural symbols in Gibson’s piece. Instead, it
presents a result or consequence of that information.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 6d524bf4
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

ID: 6d524bf4
Earth’s auroras—colorful displays of light seen above the northern and southern poles—result, broadly
speaking, from the Sun’s activity. ______ the Sun releases charged particles that are captured by Earth’s
magnetic field and channeled toward the poles. These particles then collide with atoms in the atmosphere,
causing the atoms to emit auroral light.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Specifically,

B. Similarly,

C. Nevertheless,

D. Hence,

ID: 6d524bf4 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is the best answer. “Specifically” logically signals that the information in this sentence—that the Sun releases
charged particles that later collide with atoms, resulting in auroral light—provides specific, precise details about how auroras
result from the Sun’s activity.

Choice B is incorrect because “similarly” illogically signals that the information in this sentence is similar to the general
information about auroras in the previous sentence. Instead, this sentence provides specific, precise details about how
auroras form. Choice C is incorrect because “nevertheless” illogically signals that the information in this sentence is despite
the general information about auroras in the previous sentence. Instead, this sentence provides specific, precise details
about how auroras form. Choice D is incorrect because “hence” illogically signals that the information in this sentence is a
result of the general information about auroras in the previous sentence. Instead, this sentence provides specific, precise
details about how auroras form.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID eda8735f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

ID: eda8735f
In 1873, Spanish scientist Santiago Ramón y Cajal observed that brain fibers have distinct boundaries with
clear end points, a finding that went against earlier assumptions about the brain. ______ scientists had
assumed that the brain was a continuous web of fused fibers, not a vast network of distinct, individual cells.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. However,

B. Previously,

C. As a result,

D. Likewise,

ID: eda8735f Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer. “Previously” logically signals that the fused fiber theory came before Ramón y Cajal’s discovery.

Choice A is incorrect. “However” illogically signals that the fused fiber theory in this sentence contrasts with the information
in the previous sentence. While this theory does contrast with Ramón y Cajal’s discovery, the previous sentence concludes by
stating that his discovery went against prior assumptions about the brain. The fact that the fused fiber theory was one of
those earlier assumptions makes “however” an illogical choice. Choice C is incorrect because “as a result” illogically signals
that the fused fiber theory in this sentence was a result of the discovery in the previous sentence. Instead, the fused fiber
theory came before Ramón y Cajal’s discovery. Choice D is incorrect because “likewise” illogically signals that the fused fiber
theory in this sentence was similar to the discovery in the previous sentence. Instead, the fused fiber theory, which came
before Ramón y Cajal’s discovery, was very different from it.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 43ca2315
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

ID: 43ca2315
To discover which fruit varieties were grown in Italy’s Umbria region before the introduction of industrial
farming, botanist Isabella Dalla Ragione often turns to centuries-old lists of cooking ingredients. ______ she
analyzes Renaissance paintings of Umbria, as they can provide accurate representations of fruits that were
grown there long ago.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. In sum,

B. Instead,

C. Thus,

D. Additionally,

ID: 43ca2315 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. “Additionally” logically signals that the painting analysis discussed in this sentence is an
additional part of the botany research discussed in the previous sentence. That is, to research which fruits Umbrians grew in
the past, the botanist analyzes old paintings in addition to looking at old lists of ingredients.

Choice A is incorrect because “in sum” illogically signals that the painting analysis discussed in this sentence is a concluding
summary of the botany research discussed in the previous sentence. Instead, the painting analysis is an additional part of
that research. Choice B is incorrect because “instead” illogically signals that the painting analysis discussed in this sentence
is an alternative to the botany research discussed in the previous sentence. Rather, the painting analysis is an additional part
of that research. Choice C is incorrect because “thus” illogically signals that the painting analysis discussed in this sentence
is a result of the botany research discussed in the previous sentence. Instead, the painting analysis is an additional part of
that research.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID db10f44a
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

ID: db10f44a
Although novels and poems are considered distinct literary forms, many authors have created hybrid works
that incorporate elements of both. Bernardine Evaristo’s The Emperor’s Babe, ______ is a verse novel, a book-
length narrative complete with characters and a plot but conveyed in short, crisp lines of poetry rather than
prose.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. by contrast,

B. consequently,

C. secondly,

D. for example,

ID: db10f44a Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. “For example” logically signals that the information in this sentence—that The Emperor’s Babe is
a novel conveyed in lines of poetry—exemplifies the claim in the previous sentence about hybrid works that incorporate
elements of both novels and poems.

Choice A is incorrect because “by contrast” illogically signals that the information in this sentence contrasts with the claim
about hybrid works in the previous sentence. Instead, the information demonstrates that Evaristo’s novel is an example of a
hybrid work. Choice B is incorrect because “consequently” illogically signals that the information in this sentence is a
consequence, or result, of the claim about hybrid works in the previous sentence. Instead, the information demonstrates that
Evaristo’s novel is an example of a hybrid work. Choice C is incorrect because “secondly” illogically signals that the
information in this sentence is a second, separate claim from the previous sentence’s claim about hybrid works. Instead, the
information demonstrates that Evaristo’s novel is an example of a hybrid work.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID af95e2fa
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

ID: af95e2fa
The envelope-shaped paper bags common in the US 150 years ago were impractical for carrying goods.
______ because they were the only paper bags that could be mass-produced, these bags dominated the
market. That all changed in the 1870s, when industrial designer Margaret Knight patented a machine to make
flat-bottomed, foldable paper bags.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. However,

B. For instance,

C. Thus,

D. In other words,

ID: af95e2fa Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is the best answer. “However” logically signals that the information in this sentence—that envelope-shaped bags
dominated the market—contrasts with the previous claim that these bags were impractical for carrying goods.

Choice B is incorrect because “for instance” illogically signals that the information in this sentence is an example supporting
the previous claim that envelope-shaped bags were impractical for carrying goods. Instead, the sentence contrasts with the
previous claim about the bags. Choice C is incorrect because “thus” illogically signals that the information in this sentence is
a result of the previous claim that envelope-shaped bags were impractical for carrying goods. Instead, the sentence
contrasts with the previous claim about the bags. Choice D is incorrect because “in other words” illogically signals that the
information in this sentence is a paraphrase of the previous claim that envelope-shaped bags were impractical for carrying
goods. Instead, the sentence contrasts with the previous claim about the bags.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID e5e5f6f6
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Hard

ID: e5e5f6f6
When designing costumes for film, American artist Suttirat Larlarb typically custom fits the garments to each
actor. ______ for the film Sunshine, in which astronauts must reignite a dying Sun, she designed a golden
spacesuit and had a factory reproduce it in a few standard sizes; lacking a tailor-made quality, the final
creations reflected the ungainliness of actual spacesuits.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. Nevertheless,

B. Thus,

C. Likewise,

D. Moreover,

ID: e5e5f6f6 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is the best answer. “Nevertheless” logically signals that the information in this sentence—that the spacesuits
Suttirat Larlarb designed for the film Sunshine were made in standard sizes in a factory—presents a notable exception to
Larlarb’s typical approach of custom-fitting garments to actors, which is described in the previous sentence.

Choice B is incorrect because “thus” illogically signals that the information in this sentence is a result or consequence of the
previous information about Larlarb’s typical approach of custom-fitting garments to actors. Instead, it presents a notable
exception to Larlarb’s typical approach. Choice C is incorrect because “likewise” illogically signals that the information in this
sentence is similar to the previous information about Larlarb’s typical approach of custom-fitting garments to actors.
Instead, it presents a notable exception to Larlarb’s typical approach. Choice D is incorrect because “moreover” illogically
signals that the information in this sentence merely adds to the previous information about Larlarb’s typical approach of
custom-fitting garments to actors. Instead, it presents a notable exception to Larlarb’s typical approach.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 75676e11
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

ID: 75676e11
The liquid metals in Earth’s core circulate constantly, and this circulation generates electrical currents that
flow between Earth’s North and South magnetic poles. These electrical currents, ______ create a barrier
around Earth that protects us from radiation and charged particles coming from space.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. in turn,

B. likewise,

C. nevertheless,

D. in reality,

ID: 75676e11 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is the best answer. "In turn" logically signals that the information in the sentence—that the electrical currents create
a protective barrier around Earth—is a result or consequence of the previous information about the circulation of liquid
metals generating electrical currents that flow between Earth’s magnetic poles.

Choice B is incorrect because "likewise" illogically signals that the information in the sentence is similar to the previous
information about the circulation of liquid metals generating electrical currents that flow between Earth’s magnetic poles.
Instead, the new information about the electrical currents is a direct result or consequence of the previous information.
Choice C is incorrect because "nevertheless" illogically signals that the information in the sentence is true despite the
previous information about the circulation of liquid metals generating electrical currents that flow between Earth’s magnetic
poles. Instead, the new information about the electrical currents is a direct result or consequence of the previous
information. Choice D is incorrect because "in reality" illogically signals that the information in the sentence contradicts the
previous information about the circulation of liquid metals generating electrical currents that flow between Earth’s magnetic
poles. Instead, the new information about the electrical currents is a direct result or consequence of the previous
information.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 96b7fb54
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

ID: 96b7fb54
Observing that a fire in a closed container soon went out, leading eighteenth-century scientists did not
conclude that fresh air (specifically, oxygen) is necessary for combustion; instead, many theorized that the
container’s air had become saturated with a substance called phlogiston. ______ when Joseph Priestley first
isolated oxygen gas in 1774, he termed it “dephlogisticated air.”

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. In other words,

B. For this reason,

C. Alternatively,

D. Nevertheless,

ID: 96b7fb54 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer. "For this reason" logically signals that the reason Joseph Priestley termed oxygen
"dephlogisticated air" was that he accepted the theory mentioned in the previous sentence—that the presence of phlogiston,
rather than the absence of oxygen, causes fire in a closed container to go out.

Choice A is incorrect because "in other words" illogically signals that the information about Priestley terming oxygen
"dephlogisticated air" is a restatement of the previous theory concerning phlogiston. Instead, Priestley chose the term as a
result of this theory. Choice C is incorrect because "alternatively" illogically signals that Priestley termed oxygen
"dephlogisticated air" as an alternative to the previous theory concerning phlogiston. Instead, Priestley chose the term as a
result of this theory. Choice D is incorrect because "nevertheless" illogically signals that Priestley termed oxygen
"dephlogisticated air" despite the previous theory concerning phlogiston. Instead, Priestley chose the term as a result of this
theory.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 94a65e4d
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

ID: 94a65e4d
Paleontologists once thought that early apes lived in tropical forests, but recent research suggests that they
may have actually lived in savannas. Tropical forests are humid and have many trees spaced close together.
______ savannas are drier, and their trees are spaced further apart.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. For instance,

B. In comparison,

C. Firstly,

D. In conclusion,

ID: 94a65e4d Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer. "In comparison" logically signals that the description of savannas in this sentence—that they are
drier and their trees are spaced further apart—forms a comparison with the description of tropical forests in the previous
sentence.

Choice A is incorrect because "for instance" illogically signals that the description of savannas in this sentence exemplifies
the description of tropical forests in the previous sentence. Instead, this description forms a comparison with the description
of tropical forests. Choice C is incorrect because "firstly" illogically signals that the description of savannas in this sentence
indicates the first in a series of things. Instead, this description forms a comparison with the description of tropical forests in
the previous sentence. Choice D is incorrect because "in conclusion" illogically signals that the description of savannas in
this sentence concludes or summarizes information in the previous sentences. Instead, this description forms a comparison
with the description of tropical forests in the previous sentence.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 0fc16996
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

ID: 0fc16996
Most of the planets that have been discovered outside our solar system orbit G-type stars, like our Sun. In
2014, ______ researchers identified a planet orbiting KELT-9, a B-type star more than twice as massive and
nearly twice as hot as the Sun. Called KELT-9b, it is one of the hottest planets ever discovered.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. likewise,

B. however,

C. therefore,

D. for example,

ID: 0fc16996 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer. The word “however” logically signals that the information in this sentence about the planet
KELT-9b—that it orbits a B-type star—contrasts with the previous information about planets discovered outside our solar
system. Most of these planets orbit G-type stars, not B-type stars.

Choice A is incorrect because “likewise” illogically signals that the information about the planet KELT-9b is similar to the
previous information about most planets outside our solar system. Instead, it contrasts with that information. Choice C is
incorrect because “therefore” illogically signals that the information about the planet KELT-9b is a result of the previous
information about most planets outside our solar system. Instead, it contrasts with that information. Choice D is incorrect
because “for example” illogically signals that the information about the planet KELT-9b is an example of the previous
information about most planets outside our solar system. Instead, it contrasts with that information.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID bf829d75
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

ID: bf829d75
Arkansas aviator Louise Thaden was already a record breaker when she won the inaugural National Women’s
Air Derby, a race from California to Ohio, in August of 1929. ______ in December of 1928, Thaden had set an
aviation record when she reached an altitude of 20,269 feet in a Travel Air biplane.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. Earlier,

B. However,

C. Next,

D. As a result,

ID: bf829d75 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is the best answer. This choice uses a transition that indicates a shift back in time. Since the first sentence talks
about Thaden’s race win in 1929 and the second shifts back to talking about her record in 1928, this makes the most sense
here.

Choice B is incorrect. This choice uses a disagreement transition. But this sentence actually agrees with and expands on the
previous sentence by describing the earlier record that Thaden had "already" held. Choice C is incorrect. This choice uses a
transition that indicates a shift forward in time, which doesn’t make sense here. A record in 1928 didn’t come after Thaden’s
race win in 1929. Choice D is incorrect. This choice uses a cause-and-effect transition, which doesn’t make sense in this
context—an event in 1929 can’t cause something in 1928.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 9dcc184d
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Hard

ID: 9dcc184d
Plato believed material objects to be crude representations of unseen ideal forms. In his view, such abstract,
nonmaterial forms are the ultimate source of knowledge. Aristotle disagreed, positing that knowledge is best
obtained through direct engagement with the material world; ______ sensory experience of the material is the
ultimate source of knowledge.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. regardless,

B. admittedly,

C. in other words,

D. meanwhile,

ID: 9dcc184d Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is the best answer. “In other words” logically signals that the claim about sensory experience that follows—that
sensory experience is the source of knowledge—is a restatement of Aristotle’s theory from earlier in the sentence.

Choice A is incorrect because “regardless” illogically signals that the claim about sensory experience that follows is true in
spite of Aristotle’s theory from earlier in the sentence. Instead, this claim is a restatement of his theory. Choice B is incorrect
because “admittedly” illogically signals that the claim about sensory experience that follows is an exception to Aristotle’s
theory from earlier in the sentence. Instead, this claim is a restatement of his theory. Choice D is incorrect because
“meanwhile” illogically signals that the claim about sensory experience that follows is separate from (while occurring
simultaneously with) Aristotle’s theory from earlier in the sentence. Instead, this claim is a restatement of his theory.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID c6b6128f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Hard

ID: c6b6128f
Seismologists Kaiqing Yuan and Barbara Romanowicz have proposed that the magma fueling Iceland’s more
than 30 active volcano systems emerges from deep within Earth. The great depths involved—nearly 3,000 km
—mark Iceland’s volcanoes as extreme outliers; ______ many of Earth’s volcanoes are fed by shallow pockets
of magma found less than 15 km below the surface.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. indeed,

B. nevertheless,

C. in addition,

D. consequently,

ID: c6b6128f Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is the best answer. The second part of the sentence says that many volcanoes use shallow pockets of magma.
This is an elaboration of the same underlying idea from the first part of the sentence, which says that the super deep magma
of Icelandic volcanoes’ makes them outliers. “Indeed” is a transition used for elaborating on the same idea, so it fits the
context perfectly.

Choice B is incorrect. This choice uses a disagreement transition. But these two parts of the sentence agree with each other,
so “nevertheless” doesn’t make sense. Choice C is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates the addition of a
new idea. But the second part of the sentence isn’t adding a new idea: it’s elaborating on the same idea expressed in the first
part of the sentence. Choice D is incorrect. This choice uses a cause-and-effect transition, which doesn’t make sense here.
The fact that Iceland’s deep-magma volcanoes are outliers doesn’t cause many other volcanoes to get fed by shallow
pockets of magma.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 3dc26dc1
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

ID: 3dc26dc1
The 435 state districts in the US House of Representatives are designed to be roughly equal in population.
These districts average around 760,000 people in size. However, only about 730,000 people live in the state
of Alaska. ______ Alaska has just one House district, encompassing the entire state.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. As a result,

B. Instead,

C. Finally,

D. For instance,

ID: 3dc26dc1 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is the best answer. "As a result" logically signals that the information in the sentence—that, in the US House of
Representatives, the entire state of Alaska has just one district—is the result or consequence of Alaska having only about
730,000 people. This is slightly below the average for House districts, which are designed to have roughly equal populations.

Choice B is incorrect because "instead" illogically signals that Alaska having just one state district is an alternative to the
information about the state’s population in the previous sentence. Rather, the fact that Alaska has just one district is a result
or consequence of the entire state having slightly fewer people than an average-sized district. Choice C is incorrect because
"finally" illogically signals that the information in this sentence about Alaska having just one district indicates a last step in a
process or a concluding summary. Instead, the fact that Alaska has just one district is a result or consequence of the entire
state having slightly fewer people than an average-sized district. Choice D is incorrect because "for instance" illogically
signals that the information in this sentence about Alaska having just one district exemplifies the information about the
state’s population in the previous sentence. Instead, the fact that Alaska has just one district is a result or consequence of
the entire state having slightly fewer people than an average-sized district.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 0ed087c7
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Hard

ID: 0ed087c7
To perform a quad axel, a figure skater must leap into the air and complete four and a half rotations before
landing, an extreme feat. ______ in 2022, when 17-year-old Ilia Malinin landed the first quad axel—considered
the most difficult quad jump—in a high-level competition, the audience was left awestruck.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. Moreover,

B. Fittingly,

C. Next,

D. However,

ID: 0ed087c7 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer. "Fittingly" logically signals that the information in this sentence—that the audience was amazed
when Malinin landed the first quad axel—describes a suitable or appropriate reaction to the completion of this extremely
difficult jump.

Choice A is incorrect. "Moreover" illogically signals that the information in this sentence merely adds to the previous
information about the difficulty of completing a quad axel. Instead, the audience’s amazement is a suitable or appropriate
reaction to this accomplishment. Choice C is incorrect. "Next" illogically signals that the information in this sentence is
simply the next step in a process. Instead, the audience’s amazement is a suitable or appropriate reaction to the
accomplishment. Choice D is incorrect. "However" illogically signals that the information in this sentence is in contrast or an
exception to the difficulty of completing a quad axel. Instead, the audience’s amazement is a suitable or appropriate reaction
to this accomplishment.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID f99639a1
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Hard

ID: f99639a1
When one looks at the dark craggy vistas in Hitoshi Fugo’s evocative photo series, one’s mind might wander
off to the cratered surfaces of faraway planets. ______ it’s the series’ title, Flying Frying Pan, that brings one
back to Earth, reminding the viewer that each photo is actually a close-up view of a familiar household object:
a frying pan.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. Consequently,

B. Alternatively,

C. Ultimately,

D. Additionally,

ID: f99639a1 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is the best answer. The first sentence describes an experience that the viewer has when they’re looking at the
photos: they imagine other planets. This sentence describes an experience that the viewer has afterward: the title reminds
them that the photos are of frying pans, bringing them back to reality. “Ultimately” is a transition that means “eventually” or
“in the end,” so it fits the context perfectly.

Choice A is incorrect. This choice uses a cause-and-effect transition, which doesn’t make sense here. The viewer imagining
other planets when they’re looking at the photos doesn’t cause the title to bring them back to reality. Choice B is incorrect.
This choice uses a transition that indicates another option or possibility, which doesn’t make sense here. Rather, the viewer
has both experiences: first the viewer imagines that they’re looking at another planet, and then the title reminds them that it’s
just a frying pan. Choice D is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates the addition of an agreeing idea. But the
viewer’s experience in the second sentence is actually the opposite of the viewer’s experience in the first sentence. In the
first sentence, the viewer is imagining that they’re seeing a landscape from another planet. In the second sentence, the
viewer is reminded that they’re looking at a frying pan.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID bb869158
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

ID: bb869158
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s 2013 novel Americanah chronicles the divergent experiences of Ifemelu and
Obinze, a young Nigerian couple, after high school. Ifemelu moves to the United States to attend a
prestigious university. ______ Obinze travels to London, hoping to start a career there. However, frustrated
with the lack of opportunities, he soon returns to Nigeria.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. Meanwhile,

B. Nevertheless,

C. Secondly,

D. In fact,

ID: bb869158 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is the best answer. “Meanwhile” logically signals that the action described in this sentence (Obinze’s move to
London to pursue a career) is simultaneous with the action described in the previous sentence (Ifemelu’s move to the United
States). The first sentence establishes that the actions take place around the same time, referring to the characters’
“divergent experiences” following high school.

Choice B is incorrect because “nevertheless” illogically signals that the information in this sentence about Obinze’s move to
London is true despite the previous information about Ifemelu’s move to the United States. Instead, as the first sentence
establishes, Obinze’s move and Ifemelu’s move are related, parallel experiences that occur around the same time. Choice C
is incorrect because “secondly” illogically signals that the information in this sentence is a second point or reason separate
from the previous information about Ifemelu’s move to the United States. Instead, as the first sentence establishes, Obinze’s
move and Ifemelu’s move are related, parallel experiences that occur around the same time. Choice D is incorrect because
“in fact” illogically signals that the information in this sentence emphasizes, modifies, or contradicts the previous
information about Ifemelu’s move to the United States. Instead, as the first sentence establishes, Obinze’s move and
Ifemelu’s move are related, parallel experiences that occur around the same time.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID cda46057
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

ID: cda46057
In most deer species, males grow antlers, and females don’t. ______ reindeer are different. They are the only
deer species in which the females grow antlers, too.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. Similarly,

B. Next,

C. However,

D. Thus,

ID: cda46057 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is the best answer. "However" logically signals that the claim about reindeer in this sentence contrasts with the
information about most deer species in the previous sentence.

Choice A is incorrect because "similarly" illogically signals that the claim in this sentence is similar to the previous
information about most deer species. Instead, it contrasts with that information. Choice B is incorrect because "next"
illogically signals that the claim about reindeer in this sentence is the next step in a process. Instead, it contrasts with the
previous information about most deer species. Choice D is incorrect because "thus" illogically signals that the claim in this
sentence results from the previous information about most deer species. Instead, it contrasts with that information.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 0c84bc04
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

ID: 0c84bc04
Researchers Helena Mihaljević-Brandt, Lucía Santamaría, and Marco Tullney report that while
mathematicians may have traditionally worked alone, evidence points to a shift in the opposite direction.
______ mathematicians are choosing to collaborate with their peers—a trend illustrated by a rise in the
number of mathematics publications credited to multiple authors.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Similarly,

B. For this reason,

C. Furthermore,

D. Increasingly,

ID: 0c84bc04 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. “Increasingly” logically signals that the claim in this sentence—that mathematicians are
collaborating with their peers—marks a change relative to what was traditionally done. As the previous sentence explains,
while mathematicians may have traditionally worked alone, evidence points to a shift in the opposite direction. The claim
describes the shift: a rise in collaboration.

Choice A is incorrect because “similarly” illogically signals that the claim in this sentence is similar to, but separate from, the
previous claim about the shift away from mathematicians working alone. Instead, the claim about the rise in collaboration
elaborates on the previous claim, describing the shift. Choice B is incorrect because “for this reason” illogically signals that
the claim in this sentence is caused by the previous claim about the shift away from mathematicians working alone. Instead,
the claim about the rise in collaboration elaborates on the previous claim, describing the shift. Choice C is incorrect because
“furthermore” illogically signals that the claim in this sentence is in addition to the previous claim about the shift away from
mathematicians working alone. Instead, the claim about the rise in collaboration elaborates on the previous claim,
describing the shift.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 853a1faa
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

ID: 853a1faa
Before the 1847 introduction of the US postage stamp, the cost of postage was usually paid by the recipient
of a letter rather than the sender, and recipients were not always able or willing to pay promptly. ______
collecting this fee could be slow and arduous, and heaps of unpaid-for, undeliverable mail piled up in post
offices.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. Regardless,

B. On the contrary,

C. Consequently,

D. For example,

ID: 853a1faa Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is the best answer. “Consequently” logically signals that the postal problems described in this sentence (slow fee
collection, heaps of undeliverable mail) were a consequence of the fee system described in the previous sentence.

Choice A is incorrect because “regardless” illogically signals that the postal problems described in this sentence occurred
despite the fee system described in the previous sentence. Instead, they were a consequence of that system. Choice B is
incorrect because “on the contrary” illogically signals that the postal problems described in this sentence contrast with the
fee system described in the previous sentence. Instead, they were a consequence of that system. Choice D is incorrect
because “for example” illogically signals that the postal problems described in this sentence are an example of the fee
system described in the previous sentence. Instead, they were a consequence of that system.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 6651abfd
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

ID: 6651abfd
When sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi was designing the Statue of Liberty, he sought the advice of
engineer Gustave Eiffel. Eiffel suggested that he make the statue’s arm thick and position it straight above
the figure’s head. ______ Bartholdi decided to slim the arm and tilt it out at an angle.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. Additionally,

B. Instead,

C. Thus,

D. For example,

ID: 6651abfd Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer. "Instead" logically signals that the information in this sentence—that Bartholdi decided to slim
and tilt out the arm of the Statue of Liberty—contrasts with Eiffel’s design suggestions for the statue.

Choice A is incorrect because "additionally" illogically suggests that the information in this sentence is merely an additional
fact related to Eiffel’s design suggestions in the previous sentence. Instead, it contrasts with those suggestions. Choice C is
incorrect because "thus" illogically signals that the information that follows is a result of Eiffel’s design suggestions in the
previous sentence. Instead, it contrasts with those suggestions. Choice D is incorrect because "for example" illogically
signals that the information about Bartholdi’s design decisions in this sentence exemplifies Eiffel’s design suggestions in the
previous sentence. Instead, it contrasts with those suggestions.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 54feada5
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

ID: 54feada5
At two weeks old, the time their critical socialization period begins, wolves can smell but cannot yet see or
hear. Domesticated dogs, ______ can see, hear, and smell by the end of two weeks. This relative lack of
sensory input may help explain why wolves behave so differently around humans than dogs do: from a very
young age, wolves are more wary and less exploratory.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. in other words,

B. for instance,

C. by contrast,

D. accordingly,

ID: 54feada5 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is the best answer. “By contrast” logically signals that the information in this sentence—that dogs can see, hear,
and smell by the end of two weeks—contrasts with the preceding information (that wolves can smell but not see or hear at
the same age).

Choice A is incorrect because “in other words” illogically signals that the information about domesticated dogs in this
sentence paraphrases the information about wolves in the previous sentence. Instead, the information about dogs contrasts
with what came before. Choice B is incorrect because “for instance” illogically signals that the information about
domesticated dogs in this sentence exemplifies the information about wolves in the previous sentence. Instead, the
information about dogs contrasts with what came before. Choice D is incorrect because “accordingly” illogically signals that
the information about domesticated dogs in this sentence is in accordance with, or results from, the information about
wolves in the previous sentence. Instead, the information about dogs contrasts with what came before.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 32d4b9ec
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

ID: 32d4b9ec
Following the Mata Ortiz pottery technique, Mexican sculptor Juan Quezada Celado starts by creating the
base of the pot with a slab of clay. ______ he builds the pot walls by layering coils of clay around the
perimeter of the base. Celado then smooths out the pot’s walls with a hacksaw blade. At last, the pot is ready
to be painted.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. For example,

B. However,

C. By contrast,

D. Next,

ID: 32d4b9ec Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. "Next" logically signals that the information in this sentence—which explains how Celado builds
the pot’s walls—is the next step in Celado’s pot creation process. The sentences that follow further signal this information by
completing the process.

Choice A is incorrect because "for example" illogically signals that the information about Celado building pot walls in this
sentence exemplifies the information in the previous sentence about how Celado’s pot creation process begins. Instead, it is
the next step in this process. Choice B is incorrect because "however" illogically signals that the information in this sentence
contrasts with the information in the previous sentence about how Celado’s pot creation process begins. Instead, it is the
next step in this process. Choice C is incorrect because "by contrast" illogically signals that the information in this sentence
contrasts with the information in the previous sentence about how Celado’s pot creation process begins. Instead, it is the
next step in this process.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID ab9fed42
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

ID: ab9fed42
In November 1934, Amrita Sher-Gil was living in what must have seemed like the ideal city for a young artist:
Paris. She was studying firsthand the color-saturated style of France’s modernist masters and beginning to
make a name for herself as a painter. ______ Sher-Gil longed to return to her childhood home of India; only
there, she believed, could her art truly flourish.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. Still,

B. Therefore,

C. Indeed,

D. Furthermore,

ID: ab9fed42 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is the best answer. “Still” logically signals that the information about Sher-Gil in this sentence—that she longed to
leave Paris and return to India—contrasts with what one would expect after reading about Sher-Gil’s experiences in Paris in
the previous sentences.

Choice B is incorrect because “therefore” illogically signals that the information about Sher-Gil in this sentence is a result or
consequence of the descriptions in the previous sentences. Instead, this information contrasts with what one would expect
after reading about Sher-Gil’s experiences in Paris. Choice C is incorrect because “indeed” illogically signals that the
information about Sher-Gil in this sentence offers additional emphasis in support of the descriptions in the previous
sentences. Instead, this information contrasts with what one would expect after reading about Sher-Gil’s experiences in
Paris. Choice D is incorrect because “furthermore” illogically signals that the information about Sher-Gil in this sentence
offers additional support for or confirmation of the descriptions in the previous sentences. Instead, this information
contrasts with what one would expect after reading about Sher-Gil’s experiences in Paris.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 2126e18f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

ID: 2126e18f
Tyrian purple was a highly prized dye among the Phoenicians (an ancient civilization located in present-day
Lebanon). The Phoenicians were famous for using this natural dye to color their clothes a distinctive purple.
______ the name “Phoenicia” itself, some historians claim, may have originally meant “land of purple.”

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. In fact,

B. Regardless,

C. Lastly,

D. On the contrary,

ID: 2126e18f Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is the best answer. “In fact” logically signals that the claim in this sentence—Phoenicia being named after the color
purple—emphasizes and supports the previous claim that Phoenicians were famous for using purple dye.

Choice B is incorrect because “regardless” illogically signals that the claim about Phoenicia’s name contrasts with the
previous claim that Phoenicians were famous for using purple dye. Instead, the naming emphasizes and supports this claim.
Choice C is incorrect because “lastly” illogically signals that the claim about Phoenicia’s name is the final step in a process
or sequence. Instead, the naming emphasizes and supports the previous claim that Phoenicians were famous for using
purple dye. Choice D is incorrect because “on the contrary” illogically signals that the claim about Phoenicia’s name directly
opposes the previous claim that Phoenicians were famous for using purple dye. Instead, the naming emphasizes and
supports this claim.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID e7e48328
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

ID: e7e48328
To guarantee the validity of experimental results, scientists rely on precise, unchanging standards of
measurement. ______ metrologists (scientists who study measurement) developed the SI, or International
System of Units. The SI’s units of measurement are based on unchanging values in nature, such as the mass
of an electron or the speed of light.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. In contrast,

B. Regardless,

C. In addition,

D. For this reason,

ID: e7e48328 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. "For this reason" logically signals that the information that follows—that metrologists developed
the SI based on unchanging values in nature—is a result of the previous claim that scientists rely on precise, unchanging
standards of measurement to guarantee the validity of experimental results.

Choice A is incorrect because "in contrast" illogically signals that the information that follows contrasts with the previous
claim that scientists rely on precise, unchanging standards of measurement. Instead, the information that metrologists
developed the SI based on unchanging values in nature is a result of that claim. Choice B is incorrect because "regardless"
illogically signals that the information that follows is true despite the previous claim that scientists rely on precise,
unchanging standards of measure. Instead, the information that metrologists developed the SI based on unchanging values
in nature is a result of that claim. Choice C is incorrect because "in addition" illogically signals that the information that
follows is merely an additional fact related to the previous claim that scientists rely on precise, unchanging standards of
measurement. Instead, the information that metrologists developed the SI based on unchanging values in nature is a result
of that claim.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 9f03982b
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

ID: 9f03982b
Practical movie effects, such as the use of actual locations in a film, provide a more realistic visual
experience than computer-generated imagery (CGI) does, but giving audiences the “real thing” can be
prohibitively expensive. ______ many filmmakers use a blended approach, employing practical effects
whenever possible and CGI elements as necessary to control costs.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. Similarly,

B. For this reason,

C. Furthermore,

D. In other words,

ID: 9f03982b Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer. The first sentence tells us that practical effects are more realistic but also more expensive than
CGI. The second sentence tells us that many filmmakers use both kinds of effects, balancing realism with cost. To connect
these ideas, we need a cause-and-effect transition, like “therefore.” “For this reason” has the same meaning as “therefore.” .

Choice A is incorrect. This isn’t a logical transition. The first sentence tells us that practical effects are more realistic but also
more expensive than CGI. The second sentence tells us that many filmmakers use both kinds of effects, balancing realism
with cost. To connect these ideas, we need a cause-and-effect transition, like “therefore.” “Similarly” doesn’t show cause and
effect: it shows the addition of another agreeing idea. Choice C is incorrect. This isn’t a logical transition. The first sentence
tells us that practical effects are more realistic but also more expensive than CGI. The second sentence tells us that many
filmmakers use both kinds of effects, balancing realism with cost. To connect these ideas, we need a cause-and-effect
transition, like “therefore.” “Furthermore” doesn’t show cause and effect: it shows the addition of another agreeing
idea. Choice D is incorrect. This isn’t a logical transition. The first sentence tells us that practical effects are more realistic
but also more expensive than CGI. The second sentence tells us that many filmmakers use both kinds of effects, balancing
realism with cost. To connect these ideas, we need a cause-and-effect transition, like “therefore.” “In other words” doesn’t
show cause and effect: it shows a restatement of the same idea in different words.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 22c8ce86
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

ID: 22c8ce86
The more diverse and wide ranging an animal’s behaviors, the larger and more energy demanding the
animal’s brain tends to be. ______ from an evolutionary perspective, animals that perform only basic actions
should allocate fewer resources to growing and maintaining brain tissue. The specialized subtypes of ants
within colonies provide an opportunity to explore this hypothesis.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. Subsequently,

B. Besides,

C. Nevertheless,

D. Thus,

ID: 22c8ce86 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. “Thus” logically signals that the claim in this sentence—that animals performing only basic
actions should allocate relatively few resources to their brain tissue—is a consequence of the previous sentence’s claim
about the energy demands of animal brains (namely, that the more diverse an animal’s behaviors, the more energy its brain
needs).

Choice A is incorrect because “subsequently” illogically signals that the claim in this sentence occurs later in a chronological
sequence of events than the previous sentence’s claim about the energy demands of animal brains. Instead, the second
claim is a consequence of the first. Choice B is incorrect because “besides” illogically signals that the claim in this sentence
provides a separate point in addition to, or apart from, the previous sentence’s claim about the energy demands of animal
brains. Instead, the second claim is a consequence of the first. Choice C is incorrect because “nevertheless” illogically
signals that the claim in this sentence is true in spite of the previous sentence’s claim about the energy demands of animal
brains. Instead, the second claim is a consequence of the first.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID 768ee7e3
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

ID: 768ee7e3
Organisms have evolved a number of surprising adaptations to ensure their survival in adverse conditions.
Tadpole shrimp (Triops longicaudatus) embryos, ______ can pause development for over ten years during
extended periods of drought.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. in contrast,

B. for example,

C. meanwhile,

D. consequently,

ID: 768ee7e3 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer. “For example” logically signals that the information in this sentence—that tadpole shrimp
embryos can pause development during extended periods of drought—exemplifies the previous sentence’s claim that
organisms have evolved surprising adaptations to survive in adverse conditions.

Choice A is incorrect because “in contrast” illogically signals that the information in this sentence contrasts with the claim
about organisms in the previous sentence. Instead, it exemplifies this claim. Choice C is incorrect because “meanwhile”
illogically signals that the information in this sentence is separate from (while occurring simultaneously with) the claim
about organisms in the previous sentence. Instead, it exemplifies this claim. Choice D is incorrect because “consequently”
illogically signals that the information in this sentence is a consequence, or result, of the claim about organisms in the
previous sentence. Instead, it exemplifies this claim.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID ea5e04c7
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

ID: ea5e04c7
In studying whether jellyfish sleep, researchers Michael Abrams, Claire Bedbrook, and Ravi Nath attempted to
answer three questions. ______ is there a period each day when the pulse rates of jellyfish decline? Second,
do jellyfish respond more slowly to stimuli during that period? Finally, if prevented from sleeping, are jellyfish
adversely affected?

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. As a result,

B. First,

C. Additionally,

D. However,

ID: ea5e04c7 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer. “First” logically signals that the question in this sentence—whether there is a daily period during
which jellyfish pulse rates decline—is the first in a sequence of three questions the researchers attempted to answer about
jellyfish sleep behavior.

Choice A is incorrect because “as a result” illogically signals that the question in this sentence is a result of the three
questions the researchers attempted to answer. Instead, it is the first of those three questions. Choice C is incorrect because
“additionally” illogically signals that the question in this sentence is an additional question related to the three questions the
researchers attempted to answer. Instead, it is the first of those three questions. Choice D is incorrect because “however”
illogically signals that the question in this sentence contrasts with the three questions the researchers attempted to answer.
Instead, it is the first of those three questions.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID ce7ee632
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

ID: ce7ee632
In the 1850s, William Still was instrumental in helping nearly 1,000 people escape from slavery, earning him
the moniker “the Father of the Underground Railroad.” ______ despite the fame of his contributions during his
lifetime, Still is discussed far less today than other prominent Black abolitionists from his era, such as
Frederick Douglass and Harriet Tubman.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. For example,

B. However,

C. Specifically,

D. Similarly,

ID: ce7ee632 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer. "However" is used to indicate a contrast between two ideas. The first sentence describes how
Still used to be famous. This sentence describes how Still is not very famous today, so the transition "however" fits perfectly.

Choice A is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that introduces an example. But the second sentence doesn’t provide a
specific example of Still’s famous contributions to the Underground Railroad. Instead, it changes the subject to how his fame
has faded over time. Choice C is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that introduces an example or continuation of a
previous idea. But the second sentence doesn’t provide a specific example of Still’s famous contributions to the
Underground Railroad. Instead, it changes the subject to how his fame has faded over time. Choice D is incorrect. This
choice uses a transition that indicates the agreement between two ideas. But this sentence shows a contrast with the first
sentence—namely, that Still used to be very famous but now isn’t very famous.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 163dedcf
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

ID: 163dedcf
The Coastal Futures Conservatory in Virginia is known for creating aural representations of ecological data.
One such effort combines underwater audio recorded in seagrass beds with data that track rising carbon
levels in the seagrass. As carbon levels increase, the audio is correspondingly distorted; ______ listeners can
“hear” the changes in the carbon levels.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. furthermore,

B. by comparison,

C. for instance,

D. thus,

ID: 163dedcf Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. "Thus" logically signals that the information in this clause—that listeners can "hear" carbon
levels increasing—is a result of the previous information about the audio distorting as carbon levels increase.

Choice A is incorrect because "furthermore" illogically signals that the information in this clause merely adds to the previous
information about the audio distorting as carbon levels rise. Instead, the listeners’ ability to "hear" carbon levels increasing is
a result of that distortion. Choice B is incorrect because "by comparison" illogically signals that the information in this clause
is being compared to the information about the audio distorting as carbon levels rise. Instead, the listeners’ ability to "hear"
carbon levels increasing is a result of that distortion. Choice C is incorrect because "for instance" illogically signals that the
information in this clause is an example of how the audio distorts as carbon levels rise. Instead, the audio was distorted for
the express purpose of representing ecological data; the listeners’ ability to "hear" carbon levels increasing is a direct,
intended result of the distortion, not merely an example of it.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID da07a639
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

ID: da07a639
Samuel Coleridge-Taylor was a prominent classical music composer from England who toured the US three
times in the early 1900s. The child of a West African father and an English mother, Coleridge-Taylor
emphasized his mixed-race ancestry. For example, he referred to himself as Anglo-African. ______ he
incorporated the sounds of traditional African music into his classical music compositions.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. In addition,

B. Actually,

C. However,

D. Regardless,

ID: da07a639 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is the best answer. “In addition” logically signals that the detail in this sentence—that Coleridge-Taylor included
traditional African music in his classical compositions—adds to the information in the previous sentence. Specifically, the
previous sentence indicates one way in which Coleridge-Taylor emphasized his mixed-race ancestry, and the claim that
follows indicates a second, additional way.

Choice B is incorrect because “actually” illogically signals that the detail in this sentence is surprising in light of the
information in the previous sentence. Instead, the detail adds to the information, indicating a second, additional way in which
Coleridge-Taylor emphasized his mixed-race ancestry. Choice C is incorrect because “however” illogically signals that the
detail in this sentence contrasts with the information in the previous sentence. Instead, the detail adds to the information,
indicating a second, additional way in which Coleridge-Taylor emphasized his mixed-race ancestry. Choice D is incorrect
because “regardless” illogically signals that the detail in this sentence is true despite the information in the previous
sentence. Instead, the detail adds to the information, indicating a second, additional way in which Coleridge-Taylor
emphasized his mixed-race ancestry.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID fce82a38
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

ID: fce82a38
Celebrated Tewa potter Maria Martinez (1887–1980) made her signature all-black ceramic vessels using a
heating technique called reduction firing. This technique involves smothering the flame surrounding the clay
vessel. ______ the vessel takes on a shiny, black hue.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. On the contrary,

B. For example,

C. Previously,

D. As a result,

ID: fce82a38 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. "As a result" logically signals that the information in this sentence—the vessel turning black—is
a result of the heating technique discussed in the previous sentence.

Choice A is incorrect because "on the contrary" illogically signals that the information in this sentence directly opposes the
heating technique in the previous sentence. Instead, the vessel turns black as a result of that technique. Choice B is incorrect
because "for example" illogically signals that the information in this sentence is an example of the heating technique in the
previous sentence. Instead, the vessel turns black as a result of that technique. Choice C is incorrect because "previously"
illogically signals that the information in this sentence occurs earlier in a chronological series of events than does the
heating technique discussed in the first two sentences. Instead, the vessel turns black as a result of that technique.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID dabfeafe
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

ID: dabfeafe
In 1891, dancer and choreographer Loie Fuller first performed her celebrated Serpentine Dance, artfully
twirling her long, flowing skirt to create striking visual effects. ______ in 1896, cinema pioneers Auguste and
Louis Lumière made a groundbreaking short film of Fuller’s dance.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. However,

B. In conclusion,

C. Later,

D. In other words,

ID: dabfeafe Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is the best answer. “Later” logically signals that the event discussed in this sentence—the creation of the short film
featuring Fuller’s dance—is a related event that occurred after the event discussed in the previous sentence (the 1891 debut
of the dance).

Choice A is incorrect because “however” illogically signals that the information in this sentence contrasts with the
information in the previous sentence. Instead, the creation of the short film is a related event that followed the event
discussed in the previous sentence. Choice B is incorrect because “in conclusion” illogically signals that the information in
this sentence concludes or summarizes the information in the previous sentence. Instead, the creation of the short film is a
related event that followed the event discussed in the previous sentence. Choice D is incorrect because “in other words”
illogically signals that the information in this sentence is a paraphrase or restatement of the information in the previous
sentence. Instead, the creation of the short film is a related event that followed the event discussed in the previous sentence.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 0a1b903c
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

ID: 0a1b903c
Preston Singletary is a Tlingit glass artist who often collaborates with other artists. ______ he has worked
with Tewa pottery artist Jody Naranjo several times. Together, Singletary and Naranjo have created pottery-
inspired glass pieces such as Sunset Stampede and Kiva Steps.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. In conclusion,

B. For example,

C. However,

D. In comparison,

ID: 0a1b903c Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer. "For example" logically signals that this sentence—noting Singletary’s work with Jody Naranjo—
provides an example supporting the previous point about Singletary’s collaborations with other artists.

Choice A is incorrect because "in conclusion" illogically signals that the information in this sentence concludes or
summarizes the previous point about Singletary’s collaborations with other artists. Instead, it provides an example in support
of that point. Choice C is incorrect because "however" illogically signals that the information in this sentence contrasts with
the previous point about Singletary’s collaborations with other artists. Instead, it provides an example in support of that
point. Choice D is incorrect because "in comparison" illogically signals that the information in this sentence is being
compared to the previous point about Singletary’s collaborations with other artists. Instead, it provides an example in
support of that point.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 073cdd71
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

ID: 073cdd71
In his 1925 book The Morphology of Landscape, US geographer Carl Sauer challenged prevailing views about
how natural landscapes influence human cultures. ______ Sauer argued that instead of being shaped entirely
by their natural surroundings, cultures play an active role in their own development by virtue of their
interactions with the environment.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. Similarly,

B. Finally,

C. Therefore,

D. Specifically,

ID: 073cdd71 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. “Specifically” logically signals that the information in this sentence about Sauer’s argument—
that, according to Sauer, cultures play a role in their own development, as opposed to being shaped solely by natural
surroundings—provides specific, precise details elaborating on the more general information in the previous sentence about
how Sauer challenged prevailing views about how natural landscapes influence human cultures.

Choice A is incorrect because “similarly” illogically signals that the information in this sentence about Sauer’s argument is
similar to, but separate from, the more general information in the previous sentence. Instead, it provides specific, precise
details elaborating on that information. Choice B is incorrect because “finally” illogically signals that the information in this
sentence about Sauer’s argument indicates a last step in a process or a concluding summary. Instead, it provides specific,
precise details elaborating on the general information in the previous sentence. Choice C is incorrect because “therefore”
illogically signals that the information in this sentence about Sauer’s argument is a result of the more general information in
the previous sentence. Instead, it provides specific, precise details elaborating on that information.

Question Difficulty: Medium