Present Perfect - это настоящее совершенное время в английском языке.
Оно
обозначает действие, которое завершилось в настоящий момент времени.В
этом и состоит основная сложность времени Present Perfect для изучающих. В
русском языке нет времени аналогичного Present Perfect. Для нас если что-то
происходит сейчас — это и есть настоящее, а если совершилось — это уже
прошлое.
Как образуется Present Perfect?
Время Present Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного
глагола have / has и Past Participle (третьей формы смыслового
глагола: V3).
Вспомогательный глагол меняется в зависимости от подлежащего:
I / You / We / They → have (для 1-го, 2-го лица и форм множественного
числа)
She / He / It → has (для 3-го лица единственного числа)
Завершает конструкцию времени Present Perfect смысловой глагол
в третьей форме (V3).
Если смысловой глагол правильной формы — то его третья
форма (V3) образуется при помощи окончания -ed.
Если смысловой глагол неправильный — то его третью
форму (V3) берем из таблицы неправильных глаголов.
Образование:
SINCE / FOR
Предлог for
Обозначает период, на протяжении которого длилось событие и имеет
значение «в течение определенного времени»:
When he came to the office, I had already worked for two hours — Когда он
пришел в офис, я уже проработал два часа.
This apartment has been empty for years — Эта квартира пустует годами.
We go to the seaside for two weeks every year — Каждый год мы уезжаем
на море на две недели.
Предлог since
Предлог since указывает на период события по-другому: он передает,
когда началось действие, служит его отправной точкой:
We’ve been waiting since six o’clock — Мы ждем с шести часов.
We’ve known your brother since January — Мы знаем твоего брата с
января.
for since
a period a point
from start to from then to now
end
>===< x===>|
for 20 minutes since 9am
for three days since Monday
for 6 months since January
for 4 years since 1997
for 2 centuries since 1500
for a long time since I left school
for ever since the beginning of
time
УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
Упражнение 1. Заполните таблицу, используя следующие формы
глагола. Complete the table with the base forms and the past
participles. Use the words in the box.
Lose, taken, swim, bought, do, written, run, eaten, take, won, write,
done, buy, lost, win, run, eat, swum
base form past simple past participle
_________ Bought _________
_________ did _________
_________ ate _________
_________ lost _________
_________ ran _________
_________ swam _________
_________ took _________
_________ won _________
_________ wrote _________
Упражнение 2. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Present Perfect.
1. He _____ (finish) training.
2. She _____ (score) twenty points in the match.
3. We _____ (watch) all the Champions League matches this season.
4. That's amazing! She _____ (run) fifteen kilometers this morning!
5. She _____ (buy) some really nice rollerblades!
6. Oh, no! I _____ (lose) my money!
7. My mum _____ (write) shopping list. It's on the kitchen table.
8. Dad, you _____ (eat) my biscuit!
9. I’m tired. I _____ (watch) three X-Files videos.
10. Hurry up! They _____ (start) the film!
11. Mary _____ (study) hard this year, so she'll pass her exams.
12. Oh no! She _____ (drop) the plate!
13. The garden is very green. It _____ (rain) a lot this month.
14. These are my favourite trousers. I _____ (have) them for
five years.
15. Tom's my best friend. I _____ (know) him for three years.
16. They _____ (live) in Miami for two years.
17. Jo has earache. He _____ (have) it since 7 o'clock.
Упражнение 3. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Present Perfect
negative.
1. I _____ (not clean) my football boots.
2. They _____ (not start) their meal.
3. I _____ (not do) my homework.
4. He _____ (not win) all his matches this year.
5. My brother and I _____ (not see) any films this week.
6. It's my birthday party today. I _____ (not invite) many people.
7. He _____ (not wash) his hands. They're very dirty.
8. Mum's really angry. We _____ (not tidy) our room!
9. I can't play with my friends this evening. I _____ (not finish) my
homework.
10. I _____ (not visit) New York for three years.
11. Where's Alison? We _____ (not see) her since yesterday.
12. Dad _____ (not take) a holiday since last August.
13. John _____ (not play) the violin since he was at school.
For или since?
Упражнение 4. В письме есть 4 ошибки на использование for и
since. Найдите и исправьте их. These are some sentences from
Nigel’s letter home from Africa. He has made four mistakes in using
‘for’ and ‘since’. Correct his mistakes.
Dear Mum and Dad,
I've lived in Africa since two weeks and I love it! Africa is beautiful! I
haven’t travelled to any faraway place for last summer. I’m so happy
now!
I’ve already seen Mr. Rambler. He is working for WWF here and
taking photos of wild animals. I haven’t seen any lions yet. I think I’ll
see them later.
Thank you for the trip. I’ve dreamed of Kenya for my childhood. I
haven’t seen you since ages! I miss you so much!
Love, Nigel.
Упражнение 5. Дополните предложения словами for или since.
Complete the sentences. Use for or since.
1. I've lived in Washington _____ 1997.
2. Ben has studied English _____ three years.
3. They haven't visited their grandparents _____ months.
4. Julie's ill. She's been in bed _____ Tuesday.
5. My dad has had his car_____ sixteen.
6. It's been ten years_____ we moved to Oxford.
Упражнение 6. Напишите вопросы в Present Perfect, используя
глаголы в скобках. Дайте правдивые ответы.
Пример:
(eat Italian food)
— Have you ever eaten Italian food?
— Lots of times.
1 (ski)
— ______________________
- ______________________
2 (win money)
- ______________________
- ______________________
3 (have a dream)
- ______________________
- ______________________
4 (break a leg)
- ______________________
- ______________________
5 (go to a concert)
- ______________________
- ______________________
Домашнее Задание:
Упражнение 1. Заполните письмо Джейн глаголами в Present
Perfect. Complete Jane's letter to her American friend. Use the Present
Perfect Tense.
Dear Amy
I _____ (1 not have) a letter from you for a long time. _____ (2 you lose)
my address? I bought the new Steps CD at the weekend. I _____ (3
already listen) to it. _____ (4 you hear) it yet? It’s brilliant. There’s a
new video too, but I _____ (5 not see) it yet.
School is going OK. I _____ (6 just finish) some exams, but the holidays
_____ (7 not start) yet. We’re going to Ireland. I _____ (8 never be)
there.
Write soon with your news.
Love
Jane
Упражнение 2. Ник готовится к путешествию. Он собирается
навестить бабушку.
Ознакомьтесь со списком дел, которые Ник планирует сделать до
отъезда. Напишите, что он уже сделал, а что нет. Используйте
alreadyи yet. Nick is getting ready to travel. He is going to visit his
Granny. Read the list of things he must do before travelling. Write
what he has done and what he hasn’t done.
THINGS TO DO
to pack the suitcases (+)
to water the flowers (+)
to take my library book back
to say ‘good-bye’ to Nigel (+)
to clean my shoes
to call Granny (+)
to buy some food and drinks (+)
to clean the parrot’s cage
to change the water for the fish
to buy a present for Granny (+)